数字化环境综合管理信息平台建设

在现有的分散、缺乏有效整合的环保业务系统不能很好地服务于环境综合管理需要的形势下,建设以环境监测数据的快速响应、业务数据的统一协调、信息资源充分共享、高效的分析处理为首要目标的数字化环境综合管理信息平台,旨在推动环保工作信息化、现代化的进程,提高对污染源的环境监管水平和办事效率,以更好地服务于环境管理和政府综合决策,为全面实现环境管理业务的信息化和自动化奠定坚实的基础。     

基于地理信息和定位技术的环境监察信息化平台研究——以环境监察移动执法为例

文章从信息系统研究的角度出发,对我国环境监察移动执法业务进行了全面分析。基于全国四大试点省市环境监察移动执法系统建设,提出了适合新形势环境执法要求的目标,探讨了环境监察执法信息化业务模块,详细分析了环境监察执法信息化建设的优势与特色。     

企业环境风险评估和环境应急管理制度的探讨

企业突发环境事件应急预案管理制度是重要的环境应急管理制度,我国发布的企业突发环境事件应急预案管理法律法规和技术标准,为防范和降低企业环境风险和加强企业突发环境事件应急管理提供了政策和技术指导。随着技术的发展,企业在执行环境应急预案管理制度时也出现新的问题,结合现行环境应急预案管理制度及其实行的有关情况,对此进行了探讨并提出相关对策,以不断推进环境应急预案制度的完善。     

基于地理信息平台的传统村落数字化保护研究

中国传统村落正面临日渐衰落的困境,地理信息技术的发展为传统村落数字化保护提供了有力的技术支撑。依托地理信息技术,建立传统村落数字化平台。结果表明：(1)自下而上的构建了基础设施层、数据资源层、平台服务层、智慧应用层、表现层等多层次的体系结构。(2)通过对数据进行采集、处理、入库等程序,建立了传统村落地理数据库,为平台建设提供数据支撑。(3)设计了地理数据管理、地理信息服务、用户管理和门户网站等功能子系统及若干模块,提出了数字文化与传承、数字旅游与发展以及数字规划与保护等多角度的应用方向。     

基于SOA的四川省辐射环境管理监测及应急指挥平台集成

随着四川省辐射环境管理监测及应急指挥工作科学化、精细化的不断深入,提出建设以实际需求为导向,以适应未来发展为基本准则的信息平台势在必行。该平台采用SOA面向服务的体系结构,以GIS地理信息系统为支撑,B/S、C/S相结合模式进行开发。实现常规监测、自动监测、在用源监测、应急指挥等全面管理。在实践中逐步完善平台,发挥其重要价值。     

落实《行动纲要》构建中国环境宣教高端平台

就"中国环境宣传教育高端平台"的构建来说,它首先应当体现为一种国家共识、国家意志和国家行动,因为它是我们"环境国家"建设中不可或缺的组成部分。     

美国环境应急管理制度简析

美国作为工业发达国家,经过百余年的发展,建立了世界领先的环境应急管理制度。自2005年松花江水污染事件爆发至今,我国的环境应急管理需求迫切,管理水平也在飞速提升。对美国的环境应急管理制度的分析能为我国环境应急管理工作提供借鉴。首先,美国设立了以宪法为根基,以应急管理法律法规为主要枝干,以针对突发性环境事件的专门性立法为具体内容的管理体系。其次,美国建立了包括总统、联邦应急管理署、美国国家环境保护局,以及州、县和地方政府中的管理机构在内的多层级应急管理系统。再次,美国基于国家应急系统(NRS)及其核心国家应急计划(NCP),为环境应急响应工作制定了清晰的工作流程。此外,美国还设立了超级基金,有助于有效解决应对环境突发事件的资金来源问题。2014年1月,美国西弗吉尼亚州发生埃尔克河化学品泄漏污染水源事件,通过将该污染事故作为案例进行分析,本文详细梳理了美国各层级政府对该污染事故的应急响应处理流程,体现出其具有的流程规范、分工清晰、属地处理、联邦支持等特点。     

突发环境事件应急演习问题及对策研究

突发环境事件应急演习是全面加强应急管理工作的重要环节,各级政府、生态环境部门和有关单位通过组织应急演习达到检验预案、锻炼队伍、磨合机制、发现不足等目的。通过对突发环境事件应急演习实施过程各环节的梳理,分析存在的问题,并提出增强应急演习效能的建议,为应急管理能力提升提供借鉴。     

基于人工神经网络的突发环境事故应急系统

突发环境事故现场具有形势紧迫、信息获取困难等特点,引入人工神经网络技术(Artificial Neural Networks,ANN)设计开发的突发环境事故应急决策支持系统(ANN-EEDSS),能够完成现场应急指挥调度的定量化决策支持。关键技术包括突发环境事故神经网络构建方法,事故信息与应急措施的数字化方法,决策信息的翻译表示,事故影响因素的权重分析。最后阐述了系统现场运行和工作的流程。     

Comments on selecting a geographic information system for environmental management

Many organizations in environmental fields stand to benefit from the use of a geographic information system (GIS). Selecting a GIS to implement within an organization can be a difficult task that is often required of people with little experience using a GIS. A framework for evaluating competing GIS considers cost, functionality, ease of use, future stability, development potential, support availability, and maintenance costs. Initial cost involves more than the actual purchase price of hardware and software; it includes the cost of building the data base and training users within the organization. Functionality refers to the depth and breadth of capabilities of a GIS. Issues involved in evaluating functionality include the appropriateness of raster vs vector processing and the ability to add your own software. Ease of use is important, but there is generally a trade-off with functionality. The degree of centralization of use of the GIS within the organization affects requirements for ease of use. GIS are rapidly evolving, and as a result it is important to select a system with high potential for future development. With the proliferation of companies offering GIS it is important to select one that is likely to survive and prosper. Similarly, the ability to find support in the forms of technical help, advice, and possibly even skilled employees can be significant.     

Feasibility of geographic information systems approach for natural resource management

Geographic information systems (GIS) technology is altering the work environment for planning and decision-making tasks. This article is an account of a resource application that make use of the GIS technology. It provides some cost estimates and reasons for the fairly slow development toward an integrated resource data base for environmental planning and management. It tries to identify some of the constraints of such an integrated data-base approach toward environmental assessment.     

Issues concerning the technology transfer of geographic information systems

Many state and local agencies have begun to adopt computer technology as a means of upgrading existing mapping and related practices. These agencies are faced with the dualism of wanting modern technology within a traditional setting and demanding technological independence at the same time. This article is an account of the art of technology transfers, with discussions about the necessary ingredients and constraints in the identification, adaptation, absorption, implementation, diffusion, and evaluation of new technologies. In general, a systematic approach towards the strengthening of endogenous capabilities with sufficient provision for operational and policy changes may be preferable to the idea of comprehensive planning.     

Towards emergency management of natural disasters and critical accidents: the Greek experience

This paper presents the findings of a prototype study which sought to identify factors that contribute to effective emergency management in Greece and other European states regarding both natural disasters and critical accidents. The parameters for proper action and successful intervention in operational and logistical are identified based on the document analysis and interviews with emergency responders. The interviews are conducted between state-owned and voluntary organizations. They were asked to rate in terms of their importance for effective emergency response efforts. This paper offers useful information of the organization and management of emergency response in Greece, as well as provides interesting responders' opinions data concerning important priorities in the emergency management area. Despite the fact that the data come from the Greek experience, the conclusions may be applied for a broader use in the emergency planning of disasters. The whole study has been undertaken within the European Pre-Emergencies (PreEm) project.     

Problems in local emergency management

Local governments (county and city) take the most active role in responding to natural and manmade disasters, yet very little is understood about the role of the emergency manager-the administrator who organizes and coordinates the emergency response of a community. This article describes the more common organizational niches that emergency managers are placed into, and it examines some of the political, institutional, and budgetary constraints that hinder the emergency manager's operations. Finally, it suggests strategies for solving these problems and identifies areas for further research.     

Conservation strategies for effective land management of protected areas using an erosion prediction information system (EPIS)

This research demonstrates the predictive modeling capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS)-based soil erosion potential model to assess the effects of implementing land use change within a tropical watershed. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was integrated with a GIS to produce an Erosion Prediction Information System (EPIS) and modified to reflect conditions found in the mountainous tropics. Research was conducted in the Zenzontia subcatchment of the Río Ayuquíla, located within the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (SMBR), México. Expanding agricultural activities within this area will accentuate the already high rate of soil erosion and resultant sediment loading occurring in the Río Ayuquíla. Two land-use change scenarios are modeled with the EPIS: (1) implementation of soil conservation practices in erosion prone locations; and (2) selection of sites for agricultural expansion which minimize potential soil loss. Confronted with limited financial resources and the necessity for expedient action, managers of the SMBR can draw upon the predictive capacity of the EPIS to facilitate rapid and informed land-use planning decisions.     

ITIL服务管理在环境信息系统运维中的应用初探

本文介绍了主流的运维管理ITIL框架体系,通过对吉林省环保专网的梳理和优化流程,以信息化手段提升环境管理水平,实现以环保业务为中心,提高行政服务效率,同时降低运维风险。     

Developing a GIS based integrated approach to flood management in Trinidad, West Indies

Trinidad and Tobago is plagued with a perennial flooding problem. The higher levels of rainfall in the wet season often lead to extensive flooding in the low-lying areas of the country. This has lead to significant damage to livestock, agricultural produce, homes and businesses particularly in the Caparo River Basin. Clearly, there is a need for developing flood mitigation and management strategies to manage flooding in the areas most affected. This paper utilizes geographic information systems to map the extent of the flooding, estimate soil loss due to erosion and estimate sediment loading in the rivers in the Caparo River Basin. In addition, the project required the development of a watershed management plan and a flood control plan. The results indicate that flooding was caused by several factors including clear cutting of vegetative cover, especially in areas of steep slopes that lead to sediment filled rivers and narrow waterways. Other factors include poor agricultural practices, and uncontrolled development in floodplains. Recommendations to manage floods in the Caparo River Basin have been provided.     

基于GIS的升金湖自然保护区管理信息系统建设

介绍了应用面向对象程序设计语言visual Basic6．0和地理信息系统控件Map Objects开发升金湖自然保护区管理信息系统的总体思想和技术路线,阐述了自然保护区管理信息系统的开发方式、数据库建设及其主要功能,该系统对升金湖自然保护区管理部门提高管理水平有着重要意义。     

Regression modeling of streamflow, baseflow, and runoff using geographic information systems

Regression models for predicting total streamflow (TSF), baseflow (TBF), and storm runoff (TRO) are needed for water resource planning and management. This study used 54 streams with >20 years of streamflow gaging station records during the period October 1971 to September 2001 in Pennsylvania and partitioned TSF into TBF and TRO. TBF was considered a surrogate of groundwater recharge for basins. Regression models for predicting basin-wide TSF, TBF, and TRO were developed under three scenarios that varied in regression variables used for model development. Regression variables representing basin geomorphological, geological, soil, and climatic characteristics were estimated using geographic information systems. All regression models for TSF, TBF, and TRO had R(2) values >0.94 and reasonable prediction errors. The two best TSF models developed under scenarios 1 and 2 had similar absolute prediction errors. The same was true for the two best TBF models. Therefore, any one of the two best TSF and TBF models could be used for respective flow prediction depending on variable availability. The TRO model developed under scenario 1 had smaller absolute prediction errors than that developed under scenario 2. Simplified Area-alone models developed under scenario 3 might be used when variables for using best models are not available, but had lower R(2) values and higher or more variable prediction errors than the best models.