遗址旅游影响因素实证研究——以河南商丘古城为例

综述了国内外遗址旅游的影响因素.结合案例地旅游发展现状,归纳了遗址旅游的影响因素,构建了遗址旅游影响因素模型,结果验证了模型假设,影响因素各维度对遗址旅游的贡献大小依次是:内部设施、人文环境、遗址资源、游客需求和价格因素.在此基础上,对案例地未来的旅游发展提出了对策.     

不确定条件下矿产资源的最优开采

通过一个连续时间的随机动态规划模型,探讨了市场需求、资源存量的不确定性以及勘探活动对矿产资源价格和开采速度的影响,并给出了随机条件下Hotelling法则的表达形式.模型结果显示:不确定性对资源价格变化速度的影响主要取决于开采成本,如果相对于资源存量来说开采成本是不变的或者开采的规模成本是不变的,则不确定性对资源价格的变化速度没有影响.反之,如果开采的规模成本是递增的,则不确定性会加速资源价格的变化.此外,不确定性的存在将加快资源的开采速度.至于勘探活动,它一方面降低了地质条件的不确定性,另一方面增加了资源的存量,所以勘探活动降低了资源价格和开采速度的变化率,减少了不确定性对资源开采的影响.     

秦皇岛市滨海旅游资源退化评价及可持续发展保护对策

本文阐述了秦皇岛市滨海旅资源游特征以及它的退化现状,运用影子工程法对其进行了退化评价,并提出了可持续发展保护对策.     

许昌市土地资源利用结构优化配置研究

土地资源优化配置是城市化进程中面临的主要问题,土地利用结构优化配置是土地利用总体规划的主要内容和基本方法,也是区域经济和社会发展规划的重要依据.在对许昌市土地利用变化分析的基础上,结合当地社会经济发展的需求和有关规划控制指标,借助线性规划模型求解未来许昌市土地利用结构的优化方案,力求提高土地利用的综合效益,实现土地资源永续利用和国民经济持续发展.     

再生性资源型城市工业高质量发展水平评价——以徐州市为例

基于修正熵权法,以再生性资源型城市徐州市为例,分析了2000—2017年徐州市工业高质量发展演变特征。结果表明:(1)徐州市工业高质量发展水平整体上呈提高态势,但阶段性明显。(2)徐州市工业高质量发展水平是结构优化、发展效益、环境效率、创新能力等多种要素共同作用的综合表征,但各要素贡献程度呈发展效益创新能力结构优化环境效率的特点。(3)徐州市工业高质量发展水平的优化路径在于优化工业结构、提升发展效益、改善环境效率、增强创新能力。     

NJF(1)软件包在农业区划上的应用

电子计算机在我县农业区划上的应用是一项全新的工作。经过一年多时间的实践,我们应用《农业结构系统分析(一)》即NJF(1)软件包在1个乡试点,10个乡示范,对种植业结构进行了合理性鉴定;对全县气候资源、耕地资源和劳动力资源作出了适宜性评价;根据资源的适宜性,结合市场价格、市场需求量和生产力水平,得出了符合我县实际情况,经济效益和社会效益都     

园林绿化废弃物资源化利用的贡献度研究——基于减轻北京城市生活垃圾处理压力的视角

园林绿化废弃物是城市固体废弃物的重要构成。为了进一步优化当前园林绿化废弃物的处理方式,引起相关部门和社会公众的重视,借助统计分析理论构建贡献度指数公式,结合生命周期评价等方法围绕园林绿化废弃物资源化利用在资源、经济和环境三方面的贡献度展开量化研究。结果显示,北京市2004—2013年的贡献度指数持续增长,对减轻北京城市生活垃圾处理压力的能力逐年增强,且在改善环境方面的贡献占比超过2/3;对缓解酸化、全球变暖、光化学污染和富营养化有积极作用,在节约稀缺资源如土地空间和能源资源方面的贡献次之,约1/3;在经济方面的贡献最小,但也在一定程度上能够对政府在环境治理方面的投资压力减负。     

中国镁产业生态系统物质流与价值流的生命周期分析

基于物质流分析基本框架,构建了镁产业生态系统的物质流分析模型,定量分析了2015年我国宏观层次镁金属材料在其生命周期各个阶段的物质流与价值流,并核算了以皮江法工艺炼镁产生的生态包袱,同时结合e!Sankeypro 4.5.3绘图软件进行可视化表达与分析。结果表明：①原镁生产过程中资源消耗量较大,皮江法工艺每生产1t原镁的非生物资源输入量和资源直接输入量分别达到59.3t和16.4t,而生态包袱约为资源直接输入量的3.6倍,物质输入端优化的关键在于提高白云石与燃料的利用效率。② 2006-2015年镁产业生态包袱整体呈现上升趋势,清洁生产与循环经济是新时代镁产业生态化发展的对策。③皮江法炼镁的资源物质投入类别中硅铁与煤的价格居高,影响了价值产出率;废镁潜在利用价值较大。④受国内与国际市场需求的影响,迫切需要调整镁产品生产结构以应对未来发展挑战。最后,从资源利用效率、节能减排、回收利用体系、优化产品结构等方面提出了环境管理措施,以期为我国金属镁等矿产资源的循环利用以及绿色发展提供决策依据。     

实行绿色GDP面临三大技术障碍

随着新的发展观的确立, 绿色GDP逐渐成为一个热门话题。改进以传统GDP为核心的国民经济核算体系的重要性自不待言,但是真正实行绿色GDP却面临重大技术障碍。举其要者,大致有三: 环境和自然资源的非货币贡献环境问题产生的根源就在于环境资源的价格没有正确反映环境资源的稀缺程度, 没有正确反映资源环境对人类经济增长的贡献。当今人类社会面临的环境与发展危机, 其根源在于工业革命以来形成的经济体系和运行模式。在物质层面上,这一经济体系是由环境生产力支撑的,但在理论和实践上,当前的经济体系无视甚至否定环境生产力的     

云南省农业产业结构变动对农业经济增长的影响分析

运用灰色关联法对云南省1994—2014年农业产业结构的变化和趋势做了定量分析,测算了云南省农业产业结构变动对农业经济增长的贡献。研究结果表明:产业结构调整对农业经济增长有重要影响;种植业是推动云南省农业经济增长的主导力量,在农业经济发展中拉动率较大,起支柱作用;牧业拉动率仅次于种植业;林业、渔业对农业经济增长相对较小;云南省农业产业结构的优化水平在很大程度上依赖于种植业的发展;农业结构调整形成由种植业中粮食作物的持续稳定生产为主,经济作物和其他作物协调发展为辅的态势,云南省农业产业结构的变动与优化对农业经济发展起到助推作用。     

ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF WATER AMONG REGIONAL ECONOMIC SECTORS USING THE 1972 NATIONAL INTERINDUSTRY FORMAT1

ABSTRACT: Recent growth in irrigated agriculture and metropolitan areas of the Western United States suggests that if growth continues, there will be a potential shortage in future water resources. Compound the expansion of agriculture and municipal demands with possible enaction of instream flow requirements, a method to allocate water among alternative economic sectors in the West is needed. In this study, an interindustry-linear programming model based on the 1972 national model format is used to allocate scarce water supplies among competing regional economic sectors. The shadow price of water and the sectorial value of water at different availabilities for each competing sector is derived. Also, economic sectors are ranked by value of water at different water availabilities.     

Based on material flow analysis: Value chain analysis of China iron resources

Iron is an important basic resource for national economic development in China. It is of great strategic importance for the sustainable development of China's economy to study the utilization and circulation status of iron resources. In this paper, using the material flow and value chain analysis method, we quantitatively analyzed the value flow of iron resources in China. According to the value chain and price theory of element M, a value stream diagram of iron resources corresponding to the substance flow chart was plotted. Based on the previous material flow analysis result of iron resources, the diagram quantitatively depicted the value of the circulating flow of iron resources in China in 2011. The results show that by recycling materials, the value of the circulating flow of iron resources can bring considerable economic benefits to both producers and consumers. In the production stage, the expenditures of the entire economic system was reduced by 91.77 billion RMB by circulating iron and the income increased by 95 billion RMB by recycling home scrap, which was generated in the crude steel production stage. In the use stage of iron and steel products, the recycling of old scrap enabled the entire economic system to recover 370.78 billion RMB. It should be noted that analysis within a single framework of physical and economic characteristics of iron resources in the economic system can further extend the research chain of substance flow and value flow at the macro level, enhancing the economic value of substances flow research. In addition, by tracking and depicting the value flow cycle of elements, the improvement potentials and the value situations can be determined to provide useful information for conducting processing and technological innovation for waste minimization.     

Water resource pricing: Policy options

This paper critically examines pricing policy options for water resources and attempts to derive an operationally feasible and socially desirable pricing structure for this important resource. Marginal cost pricing options are studied under different economic and resource conditions, such as inflation, constrained water resources and price distortions in an economy. Options such as pricing of water at its ‘real’ resource value, ‘social’ pricing, and pricing to reflect intangible benefits are also examined.     

浅谈地价评估和管理中的几个问题

土地价格是土地价值和权益的具体表现，是调节土地利用的重要手段。地价管理在推进土地有偿使用、优化配置土地资源、促进土地市场建设等方面发挥着重要作用。而现行地价体系比较成熟的只有作为国有土地使用权出让标准的一种基准地价，为适应其它土地权利流转的需要，应建立以土地权利为核心的新型地价体系。     

济南市城区水资源价值模糊综合评价

水资源具有价值和价格，价格杠杆是解决水问题的重要手段。以济南市城区为例，分析了影响水资源价值的主要因素，运用模糊数学方法对水资源价值进行了评价，并计算出了济南市城区的水资源价值。     

结构红利与资源诅咒——西部大开发以来内蒙古产业结构变迁绩效评价

统计分析表明,西部大开发以来内蒙古经济存在越来越严重的就业-产值结构偏离趋势。采用shilt—share方法分别对西部大开以来内蒙古、西部和全国的劳动生产率进行分解和比较分析发现,内蒙古的结构红利不显著。因此,近年来内蒙古经济虽有良好的增长绩效,但其资源依赖型增长正通过价格机制和制度效率两个途径制约着产业结构的高级化与合理化变迁,即存在潜在的资源诅咒问题。     

湛江市寸金公园鸟类多样性与管理建议

2006年12月、2007年1—4月对湛江市寸金公园的鸟类资源状况进行了初步的研究,共记录到鸟类16种,隶属4目10科。其中,雀形目鸟类最多,共7科11种,约占总数的69%;其次为佛法僧目1科2种,约占总数的12.5%;鸡形目和鹃形目各1科1种,约占总数的6.25%。其中有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类1种,占总数的6.25%。此外,属国家林业局发布的"国家重点保护的有益、有经济价值或有科学研究价值的动物"的鸟类7种,占总数的43.75%;被纳入省级重点保护鸟类的有2种,占总数12.6%;被纳入中澳候鸟协定鸟类的有1种,占总数的6.25%。     

模糊数学在成都市水资源评价中的应用

水资源价值是一个复杂的体系,主要由三方面要素构成,即:自然因素、经济因素、社会因素。以成都市为例,选取水质、水资源量、人口密度、国民收入作为评价要素,采用模糊综合评价方法对该市水资源价值进行了评价,结果表明:成都市水资源价格为2.93元/m3,明显高于目前的成都市平均水价。因此,应通过优化产业结构、扩大生产规模、提高用水效率和技术水平、加强环境保护与文化教育、合理控制人口等措施来提高水资源价值。     

The market and shadow value of informal fish catch: a framework and application to Panama

Fisheries catches are known to be widely underreported, and much of their value flows in informal markets. Goods and services that are not directly sold in a market also have a corresponding economic value, here termed ‘shadow value’, which can apply to discarded fish—or those that are consumed but not sold (e.g., subsistence catches). Here, we estimate the monetary value of fisheries catches in Panama that are landed but not reported, or that are discarded at sea; this includes catches from artisanal and industrial fleets, as well as recreational and subsistence fisheries. Based on available data, we estimate that the market and shadow value of unreported catches in Panama in 2010 was around US$92 million, equal to approximately 43% of the total reported landed value. In the case of discarded fish, the shadow value represents the potential but entirely unrealized economic benefit of landing such fish; in the case of unreported landings, unreported market value represents only the first link in the potentially sophisticated informal seafood economy. One must be careful in considering these results for policy. It is possible that, rather than seeking to capture these ‘lost’ benefits, fish that are discarded or unreported should not have been caught at all, for example, if they are juveniles or of threatened species; conversely, unreported subsistence catches are crucial for food security throughout the world. These results help contextualize the scale of unreported fisheries in economic terms, and can inform subsequent policies and strategies to ensure social, ecological, and economic sustainability.     

A mineral commodity life-cycle?: Relationships between production,price and economic resources

The production, price and economic resources profiles of a number of mineral commodities are examined and consideration is given to the theory that such profiles can be related to one another within the framework of a life-cycle model of development. While the behaviour of some of the commodities examined appears to lend support to the theory, that of others reveals fundamental problems with its underlying assumptions. It is concluded that, while the demand for a mineral commodity in specific uses may indeed manifest cyclical tendencies, as a general behavioural theory and as a basis for resource estimation the life-cycle model applied to minerals is of little value.