文化全球化语境下的少林武术外宣翻译研究

在文化全球化语境下,以翻译适应选择论为切入点,少林武术外宣翻译应审时度势,遵循专业化、国际化、规范化统一的原则和民族化、禅武合一统一的原则。只有如此,译者才能译出整合适应选择度最高的作品,从而有效地推动中原武术文化对外传播,提升中原地区和国家的软实力。     

Effects of some eucalypts on growth and yield of Amaranthus caudatus and Abelmoschus esculentus

Abelmoschus esculentus (L) and Amaranthus caudatus (L) were both grown for ten weeks in a savanna grassland (control) and under the effects of decomposing eucalypts' plant parts in an old eucalypts' plantation with a well-lit floor (treatment).Measurements of soil characteristics showed that pH was lower, but organic matter content and water holding capacity were higher in the plantation. Morphological studies showed that the two species growing in the plantation did not behave alike in most properties studied. While shoot height did not vary in A. caudatus in the two sites, in A. esculentus, it was higher in the control. Although total leaf number in the two species was significantly reduced in the plantation, area per leaf in A. caudatus did not vary between plants in the two sites. In A. esculentus, specific leaf area and chlorophyll content did not vary between plants growing in the two sites, but in A. caudatus both parameters were higher in the control.In A. esculentus, total flower abortion was observed after the third week of flower initiation, with fruit number and dimensions being significantly lower in plants growing in the plantation. It is concluded that the two crop species are incompatible with eucalypts in agrosilvicultural practices.     

菌株HP3对溴胺酸的降解机理

通过正交试验,得到菌株HP3降解溴胺酸最佳条件为温度30℃,pH值7.0,摇床转速160r/min,培养基中不含NaCl有利于溴胺酸的降解.在此条件下,溴胺酸的降解遵从负指数模式.葡萄糖和硫酸铵的加入显著地提高菌体降解溴胺酸的速度.不同金属化合物对菌株HP3降解溴胺酸有不同程度的抑制作用,其中以HgCl₂和AgNO₃最显著.菌株HP3能降解化合物蒽醌、1,4,5,8-四羟基蒽醌和1-氨基蒽醌-2-磺酸钠,表明该菌株对底物的降解没有严格的专一性.溴胺酸经菌株HP3作用后吸收光谱发生明显变化.TOC分析表明,菌株HP3将溴胺酸的蒽醌环破坏后利用其中的一部分有机碳.液相色谱检测有中间产物邻苯二甲酸生成.溴胺酸降解终产物分子量为289和290.     

环糊精及其衍生物对硝基化合物毒性的影响

通过发光菌毒性试验研究了不同浓度的b-环糊精和羟丙基环糊精对几种硝基苯衍生物的发光菌急性毒性的影响.环糊精及其衍生物可以大大地降低有机污染物的表观毒性,使硝基化合物对发光菌的半抑制浓度提高1.7～22.4倍;环糊精对客体化合物毒性降低的效果不仅和客体化合物的疏水性有关,而且和化合物与环糊精空腔的匹配程度以及形成包合物的空间构象也有很大的关系.     

Fenton oxidation of 2, 4-and 2, 6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water-acetone mixtures and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory scale. The experimental results show that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT. Although no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions, longer reaction time was needed to remove 2,4- and 2,6-DNT completely, mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals. Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation kinetics. Based on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet (UV) spectra between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and standards, the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed: 2,4-DNT → 2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde → 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid → 1,3-dinitrobenzene → 3-nitrophenol.     

Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: the interactive role of air temperature

Comprehensive reviews of the plant science literature indicate that a 300 part per million (ppm) increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration generally increases plant growth by approximately 30%. Working with two species of floating aquatic plants and three terrestrial species, we demonstrate that this stimulatory effect of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is strongly temperature dependent. Indeed, our results suggest that for a 3°C increase in mean surface air temperature (as is generally predicted to result from the ‘greenhouse effect’ of such an increase in the CO₂ content of the air), the growth enhancement factor for such a CO₂ increase rises from 1.30 to 1.56. If the non-CO₂ trace gas greenhouse effect is equally as strong, as recent model studies suggest, the growth enhancement factor rises still higher to a value of 1.85. On the other hand, our results also indicate that atmospheric CO₂ enrichment tends to reduce plant growth at relatively cold air temperatures, i.e. below a daily mean air temperature of approximately 18.5°C. As a result, predicting the ultimate biospheric consequences of a doubling of the Earth's atmospheric CO₂ concentration may prove to be much more complex than originally anticipated.     

除草剂百草枯对蓝藻和绿藻的毒性

为评估除草剂百草枯对藻类生态系统的环境毒害效应,测定了百草枯对4株蓝藻:铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa XW01,M.aeruginosa 7806)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp.)、集胞藻(Synechocystis PCC 6803),以及两株绿藻:蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和绿球藻(Chlorococcum sp.472)的毒害效应,采用半效抑制浓度EC5o值、无观察效应浓度(NOEC)、最低观察效应浓度(LOEC)及慢性值(ChV)评价了百草枯对6株藻的毒性.结果表明:蓝藻对百草枯的敏感性显著大于绿藻,蛋白核小球藻的96 h-EC50值是铜绿微囊藻XW01的96 h-EC50值的7.4倍.百草枯毒害作用具有时间效应,暴露时间越长,毒害作用越强.     

细菌产绿脓菌素对东海原甲藻生长的影响

以东海原甲藻(Prorocentrumdonghaiense)为实验材料,研究了铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)产绿脓菌素对藻细胞生长的影响。结果表明,当其浓度达到5.0mg.L-1时,对东海原甲藻的生长表现出明显的抑制效果,并且抑制效果随浓度的增加而增强。对裸甲藻而言,当其浓度增加至15.0mg.L-1时,裸甲藻的生长才开始受到较明显的抑制。8.0和15.0mg.L-1的绿脓菌素在实验初期对湛江叉鞭金藻的生长表现出了一定的抑制作用,但这种抑制作用不能持久。对绿藻而言,即使浓度增加至15.0mg.L-1,绿藻的生长受其影响也很弱。本文首次探讨了细菌产绿脓菌素对东海原甲藻的抑制作用,结果表明该类物质可以选择性的抑制东海原甲藻的生长。     

动胶菌HP3及其胞外酶降解溴胺酸产物的分析

动胶菌HP3分泌的胞外酶为组成酶，它能使溴胺酸脱色，其催化溴胺酸脱色的最佳作用温度为30℃，pH7．0－7．2，该酶在4℃下放置时，添生可保持24h。该酶使溴胺酸开环脱色的同时，有等摩尔量的邻苯二甲酸生成，它不能降解邻苯二甲酸，动胶菌HP3降解溴胺酸的终产物为2－氨基－3－羟基－5－溴苯磺酸钠和2，3－二羟基－5－溴苯磺酸钠。     

丁草胺对镉胁迫条件下水稻生长、镉积累及活性氧代谢的影响

以2个水稻品种(秀水110和秀水11)为材料,通过水培试验和土培试验研究了除草剂丁草胺对Cd2 胁迫条件下水稻植株生长、Cd2 积累和活性氧代谢的影响.研究结果表明.水培条件下,丁草胺浓度的增加显著地加剧了Cd2 胁迫条件下水稻生长抑制程度,进一步导致叶绿素含量显著下降,促进了2个品种水稻植株对Cd2 的吸收,引起水稻叶片的O-2产生速率、H202和MDA含量增加.且显著改变了SOD、CAT和G-POD活性;同条件下丁草胺浓度的增加使水稻叶片SOD/O-2、SOD/G-POD、SOD/CAT、CAT/H2O2和G-POD/H2O2的比值均发生了偏离;推测丁草胺加剧了水稻Cd2 胁迫时植株活性氧代谢不平衡过程.土培条件下,丁草胺对水稻糙米中Cd2 积累量也具有显著促进作用.     

Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对日本新糠虾生长、蛋白含量和体内磷酸酶活性的影响

观察了不同浓度(10、20、40和80 μg/L)重金属离子Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对日本新糠虾存活、蜕皮、蛋白含量和体内磷酸酶(碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶)活性的慢性(30 d)影响.结果显示:(1)Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能明显降低糠虾存活率,金属离子浓度增高,存活率降低,其中Cu~(2+)引起的存活率降低更为明显,在最高浓度(80 μg/ L)Cu~(2+)组中糠虾的存活率仅为同浓度Zn~(2+)组的1/3,两组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能明显降低糠虾蜕皮次数,最高浓度(80 μg/ L)Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)中糠虾的蜕皮数分别为11.00±1.73(次)和11.33±0.58(次),分别约为对照组的55.92%和57.6%.(2)Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)均能明显影响糠虾蛋白含量,其中Cu~(2+)的影响力更强,最高浓度(80 μg/ L)Cu~(2+)组糠虾体内蛋白白含量占湿重比为9.78%,仅约为对照组的1/2.(3)Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能明显抑制糠虾体内两种磷酸酶的活力,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活力能作为糠虾监测环境重金属污染(Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+))的检测指标.     

癸二烯醛对3种常见浮游植物光合色素的影响

本研究选取东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）、并基角毛藻（Chaetoceros decipiens）和小普林藻（Prymnesium parvum）等3种常见海洋浮游藻类为材料,将处于指数生长期的藻细胞置于不同浓度的癸二烯醛（2E,4E-Decadienal,DEC）中,癸二烯醛是一种毒性较强的常见多不饱和醛,观察癸二烯醛对藻类光合色素种类及含量的影响。利用高效液相色谱技术检测到东海原甲藻含有5种光合色素,并基角毛藻含有8种光合色素,小普林藻含有9种光合色素,3种藻类的共有色素有4种。经浓度为1 mg/L癸二烯醛处理后,3种藻类的光合色素浓度无显著变化。癸二烯醛浓度为3 mg/L时,对东海原甲藻光合色素浓度产生显著的抑制作用,其所有色素浓度在第一天内几乎都未检测到;而并基角毛藻的硅甲藻黄素和硅藻黄素浓度均在第一天显著增加,其他色素浓度则无显著变化;小普林藻的硅甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素、岩藻黄素的浓度在实验的不同时间有不同程度下降,其余色素不受该浓度的癸二烯醛影响。当癸二烯醛浓度达到5 mg/L时,并基角毛藻中除玉米黄素外的其他7种光合色素浓度显著下降;小普林藻中除玉米黄素外的多种色素浓度受到显著影响。     

热变形对高速钢组织的影响

此文研究了W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢奥氏体化后在750～1150℃等温热压变形对该钢组织的影响.结果表明:该钢在1050℃或更高温度形变才会发生动态再结晶,而950℃或更低温度形变仅发生动态回复;同时热形变诱发析出了NaCl晶型的MC型碳化物;由于形变及碳化物的析出,使得该钢等温形变后直接淬火组织中的位错马氏体量增多.     

循环热处理对高速钢超塑性的影响

此文研究了循环热处理工艺对W6Mo5Cr4V2钢超塑性的影响.结果表明:该钢在1040℃两次循环淬火是实现其超塑性的最佳热处理工艺;按此工艺进行预处理后,在810℃、初始应变速率为5.56×10~(-1)s~(-1)的条件下,该钢的超塑延伸率可达187%.     

大气中O3、CO2浓度升高对蒙古栎叶片生长的影响

以4年生蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica) 幼树为实验材料,分别于2007,2008年6~9月采用开顶箱法,研究了高浓度CO2和O3及复合作用对蒙古栎叶片光合量变化和生长的影响.结果表明,高浓度O3处理下蒙古栎叶片日光合总量降低, 单叶鲜重、干重和单叶面积均有所下降,对蒙古栎叶片生长产生抑制.高浓度CO2处理下,蒙古栎叶片干、鲜重和单叶面积均高于对照,其中2007年差异显著,日光合总量总体高于对照.2种气体复合作用处理下,蒙古栎日光合总量、单叶鲜重、单叶干重、单叶面积均低于对照,且高于O3单独处理,说明高浓度CO2可以通过减缓O3对植物光合的抑制,进而减少O3伤害,缓解生长抑制.