中国污染场地管理面临的问题及对策

概述了欧美国家污染场地管理现状,分析了中国污染场地管理面临的突出问题:中国在污染土壤管理的法律法规和标准、污染土壤的修复技术、污染土壤治理投入等方面同欧美国家有一定的差距.结合污染场地管理和场地风险评估、场地修复条件以及土地利用功能,提出了基于风险评估基础上污染场地管理程序和污染场地管理亟待开展的工作.指出了土壤环境标准体系,污染场地管理体系和污染场地修复技术体系的三元结构的完善是破解中国污染场地管理和修复的难题的根本.     

环境污染与果树病害

从酸雨污染、重金属污染、大气污染、粉煤尘污染、盐污染5个方面讨论了环境污染对果树的影响,还简单介绍了污染与虫害的关系,同时提出了减少污染对果树影响的主要措施。     

对地下水污染及其防治的探索

当前地下水污染程度可谓达到有史以来的顶峰,违法企业直排、农牧业污染和生活污染对地下水造成了严重的污染,防治迫在眉睫。本文简要地叙述了我国地下水污染的主要来源,并介绍地下水污染防治措施,从宏观上对地下水污染的防治进行了探讨。     

室内空气质量及污染控制

分析了室内空气污染的成因及影响 ,论述了我国室内空气污染的基本特征及污染现状 ,提出了控制室内空气污染、改善室内空气质量的措施。     

基于过程模拟的地下水污染风险评价方法研究

通过对简易垃圾填埋场污染地下水过程的系统分析,提出了以抽水井作为保护目标进行地下水污染风险评价的方法,确定了地下水污染风险评价因子,建立了基于过程模拟的污染物迁移转化数学模型.以特征污染物Cl-的污染范围和程度划分了风险等级.利用构建的地下水污染风险评价方法,以我国北方某简易垃圾填埋场作为案例进行了地下水污染风险评价.结果表明,污染源与污染物迁移转化的共同作用决定了地下水污染范围和风险等级.地下水污染风险评价方法的建立为开展简易垃圾填埋场地下水污染有效监管提供了一种方法.     

黄河兰州市区段水质污染的监测与防治

通过对黄河兰州市区段2007年水质进行监测,评价分析了黄河兰州段水体的污染现状、污染变化及其特征,结果表明黄河兰州市区段水质存在着不同程度的污染。对造成水质污染的原因、污染危害及防治对策进行了讨论,提出了相应的污染防治对策。     

水体砷污染控制与治理技术研究

分析了水体砷污染来源及危害,总结了水体砷污染的控制途径以及水体砷污染的治理方法,对水体砷污染进行了展望。     

城市降雨径流污染及最佳治理方案探讨

城市降雨径流污染已经成为非点源污染的一个新亮点,随着城市工业废水和生活污水等点源治理力度的加大,城市降雨径流污染问题将越来越突出.文章系统阐述了城市降雨径流污染的过程、污染类型及来源、污染物特征,对各种具体的城市降雨径流污染控制与治理技术进行了总结,并着重介绍了城市降雨径流污染最佳管理措施,还提出了实施城市降雨径流污染治理的具体对策和指导思想.     

小流域面源污染特征及其控制对策

水环境面源污染的严重性已受到国内外的普遍关注,其中小流域面源污染已成为面源污染问题研究的热点。文章系统的分析了小流域面源污染的发生机理和农业面源污染的特点,探讨了小流域面源污染对水环境的影响。并提出了小流域面源污染的控制对策。     

运用GMS模型对某垃圾场地下水污染的研究

通过对洛阳市某垃圾场的环境地质条件调查和地下水污染监测,用综合污染指数和内梅罗污染指数法,评价了垃圾场对地下水的污染情况;运用GMS模型选择垃圾场的特征污染物对垃圾场周围土壤及地下水的污染现状进行了影响评价;并通过数值模拟计算进行污染预测,为垃圾场水土污染的防治提供了基础资料和科学依据。     

森林与径流关系——一致性和复杂性

@论文综述国外近一个世纪以来在配对集水区研究方面所取得的结论,从水的自然属性出发,从森林变化对径流(年径流量、洪峰与枯水径流)的影响,径流响应的干扰临界值及水文恢复各方面探讨森林变化与径流关系的一致性与复杂性。森林变化与径流关系的一致性主要表现在由较长时间尺度表达的年径流量上。绝大多数的配对集水区的试验研究表明,采伐森林就会增加年径流量,而在荒地上造林就会减少年径流量。而由较短时间尺度表达的洪峰径流与枯水流量则呈现较大的复杂性和难预估性。综述表明,对径流特别是洪峰与枯水径流的定义及分析方法的不同也是造成森林与径流关系复杂性的重要原因。森林与径流关系的复杂性要求人们在研究及应用其关系时就必须有系统观,必须考虑植被、径流与其它过程(土壤变化、气候变化等)的相互作用。论文还认为尽管配对集水区试验作为一种研究方法为研究者提供了许多可靠的结论,但由于许多研究者只把集水区看作是“黑箱”Q从而对认识森林与径流关系的复杂性有一定的局限性。未来的研究应把配对集水区的试验与其它对过程的研究技术(同位素、GIS等技术)结合起来。     

机动车尾气与雾霾天气

从雾和霾形成的原因以及与机动车尾气的关系等方面的论述,阐述了机动车尾气对人体健康的危害,提出了对机动车尾气的预防、治理办法。     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

油气集输联合站火灾爆炸危险分析与事故后果模拟

以某联合站为例,根据油气集输联合站站场功能,将联合站划分为油气处理、储运及污水处理3个单元,对各单元发生火灾爆炸事故的可能条件进行分析,并利用DNV公司的SAFETI软件对事故后果进行模拟计算,根据事故影响范围数据,提出相应的安全措施。     

Homology and phylogeny and their automated inference

The analysis of the ever-increasing amount of biological and biomedical data can be pushed forward by comparing the data within and among species. For example, an integrative analysis of data from the genome sequencing projects for various species traces the evolution of the genomes and identifies conserved and innovative parts. Here, I review the foundations and advantages of this "historical" approach and evaluate recent attempts at automating such analyses. Biological data is comparable if a common origin exists (homology), as is the case for members of a gene family originating via duplication of an ancestral gene. If the family has relatives in other species, we can assume that the ancestral gene was present in the ancestral species from which all the other species evolved. In particular, describing the relationships among the duplicated biological sequences found in the various species is often possible by a phylogeny, which is more informative than homology statements. Detecting and elaborating on common origins may answer how certain biological sequences developed, and predict what sequences are in a particular species and what their function is. Such knowledge transfer from sequences in one species to the homologous sequences of the other is based on the principle of 'my closest relative looks and behaves like I do', often referred to as 'guilt by association'. To enable knowledge transfer on a large scale, several automated 'phylogenomics pipelines' have been developed in recent years, and seven of these will be described and compared. Overall, the examples in this review demonstrate that homology and phylogeny analyses, done on a large (and automated) scale, can give insights into function in biology and biomedicine.     

立体种植与水土保持

与自然相协调的立体种植，迁用于护堤、护岸、渠道衬砌和城市绿化，具有良好的保持水土作用，将其与生态开发相结合，会带来巨大的经济和社会效益。     

中小企业污染治理及投融资分析研究

针对中小企业污染治理及投融资分析问题,本文阐述了中小企业的发展与环境污染现状,分析了中小企业在发展过程中所造成的环境污染问题,讨论了中小企业环境污染防治所面临的资金和技术的双重困境,剖析了中小企业环境污染防治的复杂特点,提出了中小企业污染治理的投融资建议,包括发行市政债券筹集治污资金和采用污染治理的市场化模式,建立中小企业污染治理的投融资机制,加快推进中小企业环境污染的治理,进一步完善中小企业污染治理和保障机制。     

装置施工和检修中法兰、垫片的更换和选择

文章对法兰、垫片泄漏对石油化工企业的安全、环保造成的威胁进行了分析，提出在设计中合理选用管道器材是保证管道和设备正常运行的关键。     

Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis: Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities

Cannabis is increasingly used for both medicinal and recreational purposes with an estimate of over 180 million users annually. Canada has recently legalized cannabis use in October 2018, joining several states in the United States of America (e.g., Colorado, California, and Oregon) and a few other countries. A variety of cannabis products including dry flowers, edibles, and oil products are widely consumed. With high demand for cannabis products worldwide, the quality of cannabis and its related products has become a major concern for consumer safety. Various guidelines have been set by different countries to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of cannabis products. In general, these guidelines require control of contaminants including pesticides, toxic elements, mycotoxins, and pathogens, as well as residual solvents in regard to cannabis oil. Accordingly, appropriate analytical methods are required to determine these contaminants in cannabis products for quality control. In this review, we focus on the current analytical challenges and method development for detection of pesticides and toxic elements in cannabis to meet various guidelines.     

Comparison of transabdominal and transcervical CVS and amniocentesis: Sampling success and risk

A total of 2931 women randomized to either transabdominal CVS, transceirvical CVS, or amniocentesis were studied. Unless intended or unintended abortion had occurred, they had completed up to 28 weeks of pregnancy. No significant difference was seen between total fetal loss in the transabdominal CVS group and the amniocentesis group (6.5 and 6.8 per cent, respectively, SE difference = 0.92 per cent, p = 0.01). The total fetal loss in the transcervical CVS group was 10.1 per cent. After pooling our data with data from the Canadian randomized study and the American non-randomized study, the difference in risk between trans-cervical CVS and amniocentesis was 1.8 per cent (SE difference = 0.64 per cent, p = 0.8). When the number of failed procedures and those cases evaluated as infeasible for the assigned method-for anatomical reasons-are compared, the overall sampling efficacy is poorer transcervically than transabdominally.