基于管理实践的HSE管理体系建设研究

HSE管理体系在石油天然气企业得到广泛应用,对企业提高安全、环保管理水平起到了很好的作用。但是,在HSE管理体系建设中仍然存在着一些对HSE概念认识不清、工作重点把握不准和运行不顺畅等问题,对HSE管理体系的持续改进形成了制约。本文结合HSE管理体系建设实践,对HSE管理体系有关问题进行了研究,以指导企业把HSE管理体系建设引向深入。     

油田HSE管理体系运行存在的问题与应对

HSE管理体系虽然在油田企业运行多年,但是在实际的运行当中还存在很多的问题。通过对油田企业HSE管理体系运行中存在的问题分析,有针对性地进行了提高油田HSE管理水平对策的探讨,把HSE管理体系真正地融入到了油田企业现代管理模式当中去,具有一定的实用价值。     

加强石油石化企业HSE管理体系建设的若干思考

简要阐述了HSE管理体系的形成、发展历程和取得的业绩,总结了HSE管理体系注重系统管理和过程控制相结合、文化引导和制度规范相结合、风险防范和应急处理相结合、业绩评估和持续改进相结合四个突出特点。分析了石油石化企业HSE管理体系建设在体系策划、体系运行、改进机制方面存在的问题和主要原因,从统一规范体系建设、重点环节的改进方面,探讨了进一步加强HSE管理体系建设的工作思路。     

油田企业HSE管理体系探讨

本文对油田HSE管理体系建设运行方面存在的问题和原因进行了分析,从推进有感领导,落实直线责任、统一规范体系建设、健全HSE体系运行机制等重点环节等方面提出HSE体系运行改进建议,对进一步深化HSE体系运行,强化安全管理基础有一定的指导作用。     

HSE管理体系成熟度评价研究

为了提高企业HSE管理体系绩效,考察其接近最佳状态的程度,需要对HSE管理体系成熟度进行评价.通过分析HSE管理体系、安全生产标准化的理论,考察两者的联系和区别;依据ISO14000标准、OHSAS18000标准和企业自身的HSE管理体系,结合安全生产标准化评定标准,提出HSE管理体系运行绩效评价标准;依据企业的HSE目标,考察其HSE管理绩效,提出HSE管理绩效的评价标准.综合考虑HSE管理体系运行绩效和HSE管理绩效,对HSE管理体系成熟度进行评价.研究表明,可以通过HSE管理体系与安全生产标准化的整合,对企业自身的HSE管理体系成熟度进行评价,持续改进HSE管理体系绩效.     

石油企业HSE管理文化建设实践

HSE管理体系在石油企业得到广泛推广和应用,对企业加强安全和环保管理起到了很好的作用。但由于中国石油企业的HSE管理与国外石油企业的发展经历不同,文化建设上必然存在差异。如何实现与国际石油界HSE管理的接轨,建立企业HSE文化,是当前石油企业国际化发展的一个重要课题。本文从石油企业建立HSE管理体系的探索和实践出发,提出了对HSE管理文化建设的思考,对企业加强制度管理、抓住HSE管理体系重点和把握HSE文化建设方向,有很好的指导作用。     

石油企业HSE管理体系问题与对策

正HSE管理体系在石油行业企业运行多年,虽已深入人心,但依然存在诸多问题,HSE管理体系尚未彻底实施,仍然存在"两张皮"现象。那么,HSE管理体系究竟如何运行?还存在哪些问题,以及怎样解决这些问题,才能使HSE管理体系得以有效实施?本文将对上述问题进行深入剖析。起源1985年,英荷壳牌石油公司首次在石油勘探开发领域提出了强化安全管理(Enhance Safety     

中国航油HSE管理体系建设实践

本文阐述了HSE管理体系建立的过程,对中国航油建立HSE管理体系的组织方法和质量控制措施进行了陈述,探讨了科学控制和精细化管理在企业HSE管理体系建设过程中的作用。提出适合国内石油企业的HSE管理体系建设控制方法,以最大限度的建立适宜有效的HSE管理体系。     

国际工程项目施工的HSE管理

项目施工HSE管理是国际工程项目管理的关键性工作之一,在目前的国际工程项目HSE管理中,存在项目施工HSE管理方式方法不符合实际需要、对HSE工作存在错误认识、项目参与人员的能力和意识不能满足需要、与分包方的责任和义务没有清晰的界定等问题。要做好国际工程项目施工HSE管理工作,需要做好全面细致的项目HSE工作策划、落实HSE工作的全员参与、实施多层次HSE教育培训、执行严格的作业许可管理程序、强化分包方HSE管理等几项工作。     

国际工程项目HSE管理探索与实践 ——以斯里兰卡排水隧道项目为例

我国大力推进“一带一路”建设,让越来越多的中国企业走出国门,参与到“一带一路”沿线国家的经济建设中。当前,各企业海外工程项目HSE管理没有固定的模式,国际项目的HSE管理也没有标准可依,企业需要在不同的环境中不断地探索、创新,才能摸索出一套真正适合国际工程项目的HSE管理模式和举措。本文将结合中国石油管道局工程有限公司(以下简称“管道局”)承建的斯里兰卡排水隧道项目HSE管理实践,就国际工程项目HSE管理进行探讨。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。