Quantification of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations during the 2009 and 2010 blooms in Lake Taihu using quantitative real-time PCR

Lake Taihu, a large, shallow hypertrophic freshwater lake in eastern China, has experienced lake-wide toxic cyanobacterial blooms annually during summer season in the past decades. Spatial changes in the abundance of hepatotoxin microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations were investigated in the lake in August of 2009 and 2010. To monitor the densities of the total Microcystis population and the potential microcystin-producing subpopulation, we used a quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD), respectively. On the basis of quantification by real-time PCR analysis, the abundance of potential toxic Microcystis genotypes and the ratio of the mcyD subpopulation to the total Microcystis varied significantly, from 4.08× 10⁴ to 5.22× 10⁷ copies/mL, from 5.7% to 65.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between chlorophyll-a, toxic Microcystis and total Microcystis; the abundance of toxic Microcystis correlated positively with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations, but negatively with TN:TP ratio and nitrate concentrations. Meanwhile the proportion of potential toxic genotypes within Microcystis population showed positive correlation with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Our data suggest that increased phosphorus loading may be a significant factor promoting the occurrence of toxic Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of an algicidal bacterium from Lake Taihu and preliminary studies on its algicidal compounds

In an effort to identify a bio-agent capable of controlling cyanobacterial blooms, we isolated a bacterial strain, A27, which exhibited strong algicidal activity against the dominant bloom-forming species of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain belongs to the genus Exiguobacterium. This is the first report of an algicidal bacterial strain belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain A27 exhibited algicidal activity against a broad range of cyanobacteria, but elicited little or no algicidal activity against the two green algal strains tested. The algicidal activity of strain A27 was shown to be dependent on the density of the bacteria and to have a threshold density of 1.5× 10⁶ CFU/mL. Our data also showed that the algicidal activity of strain A27 depended on different growth stages of Microcystis aeruginosa (exponential ≈ lag phase > early stationary) rather than that of the bacterium itself. Our results also suggested the algicidal activity of strain A27 occurred via the production of extracellular algicidal compounds. Investigation of the algicidal compounds revealed that there were at least two different algicidal compounds produced by strain A27. These results indicated that strain A27 has great potential for use in the control of outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu.     

Seasonal dynamics of water bloom-forming Microcystis morphospecies and the associated extracellular microcystin concentrations in large, shallow, eutrophic Dianchi Lake

The increasing occurrence of Microcystis blooms is of great concern to public health and ecosystem due to the potential hepatotoxic microcystins （MCs） produced by these colonial cyanobacteria. In order to interpret the relationships between variations of Microcyst/s morphospedes and extracellular MC concentrations, the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community composition, MC concentrations, and environmental parameters were monitored monthly from August, 2009 to July, 2010. The results indicated that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance from May to December （96%--99% of total biovolume）, with toxic Microcystis viridis and non-toxic Microcystis wesenbergii dominating after July （constituting 65%- 95% of the Microcystis population）, followed by M. viridis as the sole dominant species from November to January （49%--93%）. Correlation analysis revealed that water temperature and nutrient were the most important variables accounting for the occurrence ofM. wesenbergii, while the dominance ofM. viridis was related with nitrite and nitrate. The relatively low content of MCs was explained by the association with a large proportion of M. viriclis and M. wesenbergii, small colony size of Microcystis populations, and low water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The extracellular MC （mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 μg/L） of water samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） demonstrated the low concentrations of MC in Dianchi Lake which implied the low potential risk for human health in the basin. The survey provides the first whole lake study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of Microcyst/s population and     

太湖蓝藻水华期间水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与非产毒微囊藻种群丰度研究

运用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,QPCR)技术研究了太湖蓝藻水华期间不同湖区水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与总微囊藻种群丰度.结果表明,湖区间产毒微囊藻种群和总微囊藻种群丰度明显不同:在水体中,竺山湾(N5)和梅梁湾(N2)产毒微囊藻和总微囊藻种群丰度高于贡湖湾(N4)和湖心(S4...     

太湖与巢湖水华蓝藻越冬和春季复苏的比较研究

研究了太湖、巢湖水华蓝藻的越冬和春季复苏的动力学特征.结果表明,太湖从秋季11月时蓝藻大量下沉进入底泥越冬,到次年5月后底泥中的蓝藻开始复苏进入水体.在11月～次年5月的越冬过程中,底泥中的蓝藻保持增长,其中在3～5月蓝藻生长加快.巢湖中蓝藻表现出类似的下沉越冬和春季复苏规律,即蓝藻自11月开始下沉,但巢湖底泥中的蓝藻在3～4月时即开始复苏.本研究表明太湖和巢湖中蓝藻都有明显的下沉越冬和春季复苏现象.太湖不同营养盐湖区蓝藻的越冬和复苏规律相似,底泥中的蓝藻数量在越冬过程中相差不大,说明越冬期间底泥中蓝藻含量与夏季水体中蓝藻数量可能没有直接联系.     

洪泽湖有毒和无毒微囊藻丰度及其与环境因子之间的相关分析

为了解洪泽湖有毒和无毒微囊藻丰度及其空间分布,于2014年8月对洪泽湖30个采样点水体的营养盐浓度和Calson富营养化指数(trophic state index,TSI)进行研究,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了有毒和无毒微囊藻丰度.结果表明,洪泽湖水体的总氮和总磷浓度平均值分别为1.63 mg·L-1和0.11 mg·L-1,富营养化指数在58.1~73.6之间,洪泽湖水质呈富营养化状态;有毒微囊藻在洪泽湖广泛分布,其丰度在1.13×104~3.51×106copies·m L-1之间,总微囊藻丰度在1.06×105~1.10×107copies·m L-1之间,有毒微囊藻占总微囊藻的比例在8.5%~38.5%之间,平均值为23.6%,有毒微囊藻丰度及其比例均呈现出明显的空间差异性;相关分析结果显示,总微囊藻、有毒微囊藻和有毒微囊藻所占比例三者之间呈极显著正相关性(P0.01),总微囊藻和有毒微囊藻丰度与叶绿素a浓度和TSI有极显著正相关性(P0.01),与透明度有极显著负相关性(P0.01),有毒微囊藻所占比例与叶绿素a、总氮、总磷和TSI有极显著正相关性(P0.01),与TN/TP和透明度有极显著负相关(P0.01).因此,削减洪泽湖总氮、总磷浓度一方面可以降低水体富营养化水平,另一方面有利于抑制有毒微囊藻对无毒微囊藻的竞争优势.     

A flow cytometer based protocol for quantitative analysis of bloom-forming cyanobacteria (Microcystis) in lake sediments

A quantitative protocol for the rapid analysis of Microcystis cells and colonies in lake sediment was developed using a modified flow cytometer, the CytoSense. For cell enumeration, diluted sediment samples containing Microcystis were processed with sonication to disintegrate colonies into single cells. An optimized procedure suggested that 5 mg dw (dry weight)/mL dilution combined with 200 W × 2 min sonication yielded the highest counting efficiency. Under the optimized determination conditions, the quantification limit of this protocol was 3.3×10⁴ cells/g dw. For colony analysis, Microcystis were isolated from the sediment by filtration. Colony lengths measured by flow cytometry were similar to those measured by microscopy for the size range of one single cell to almost 400 μupm in length. Moreover, the relationship between colony size and cell number was determined for three Microcystis species, including Microcystis flos-aquae, M. aeruginosa and M. wessenbergii. Regression formulas were used to calculate the cell numbers in different-sized colonies. The developed protocol was applied to field sediment samples from Lake Taihu. The results indicated the potential and applicability of flow cytometry as a tool for the rapid analysis of benthic Microcystis. This study provided a new capability for the high frequency monitoring of benthic overwintering and population dynamics of this bloom-forming cyanobacterium.     

6株蓝藻伪空胞的临界破裂压力研究

通过改进的压力毛细管法,研究了6株蓝藻伪空胞的临界破裂压力,并研究了过滤（真空度为0.02 MPa）和离心（离心力低于500 r/min）2种细胞浓缩方法对细胞内伪空胞含量测定的影响.结果表明,对于分散的单细胞的微囊藻,无论是采用过滤还是离心的方法,都难以达到理想的浓缩效果;对于群体形态的微囊藻,可以采用离心的方法进行浓缩,对于丝状的浮游蓝丝藻,宜采用过滤的方法进行浓缩. 此2种浓缩方法对细胞伪空胞含量的测定影响很小,伪空胞破裂率<7％. 6株蓝藻均为浅水湖泊藻类,由于长期自然选择的结果,6株蓝藻伪空胞的临界破裂压力比较接近. 5株微囊藻伪空胞的临界破裂压力为0.64～0.67 MPa之间;孟氏浮游蓝丝藻伪空胞的临界破裂压力为0.715 MPa,与深水湖泊或水库的蓝藻相比,6株蓝藻的伪空胞平均临界破裂压力均较小;在相同光照和温度条件下,单细胞微囊藻的膨压比群体微囊藻的膨压略大.     

太湖竺山湾春季浮游细菌群落结构及影响因素

为研究太湖竺山湾春季浮游细菌群落结构,利用高通量测序对竺山湾4个采样点(雅浦港、沙塘港、竺山湖南和椒山)浮游细菌的16S rRNA基因进行序列测定.结果表明:测序文库的覆盖率很高,测序结果完全可以代表样本的真实情况;椒山的物种丰富度最高,但物种分布均匀度较低;竺山湾主要优势菌门为蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),蓝藻门平均丰度高达64.73%,正处于水体复苏阶段,已有蓝藻水华暴发态势.属水平优势细菌主要有鱼腥藻属(Anabaena)、hgc I_clade、CL500-29_marine_group、微囊藻属(Microcystis)、聚球藻属(Synechococcus)和分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium);运用冗余分析(RDA)探讨浮游细菌与环境因子的关系,结果表明,水温、Chl-a、NH+4-N、DO和PO3-4-P是影响浮游细菌群落的主要环境因子,其中,DO能显著影响微囊藻属,营养盐和水温对其也有一定程度影响.     

巢湖流域和太湖流域沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯的生态风险评价

分析了巢湖流域和太湖流域表层沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯,并结合毒性单元法(Toxic Unit,TU)和物种敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)评价了两种拟除虫菊酯的生态风险.结果显示,两大流域沉积物中均广泛检测出两类污染物.总体而言,巢湖流域苄氯菊酯含量较高,而太湖流域高效氰戊菊酯含量较高.同时,两种污染物在巢湖流域呈现显著的正相关,但太湖流域二者之间没有相关关系.3种风险评价方法(TU法、沉积物SSD法、水体SSD法)均揭示苄氯菊酯对巢湖流域水生环境影响较大,而高效氰戊菊酯对两个流域影响均较大.因此,需要加强对流域高效氰戊菊酯污染的关注.其中,TU法预测的风险最小,沉积物SSD法预测的风险最大,主要原因在于TU法采用的毒性数据为LC50,而SSD法则选用了NOEC/LOEC,同时沉积物SSD法是出于保护大部分底栖生物为目的的方法.各种方法对于评价沉积物毒害污染物的生态风险均存在不足,尽管沉积物SSD法最为合理,但由于其毒性数据较少,最终预测结果存在一定的不确定性.因此,需要进一步加强对底栖生物毒性的研究和数据积累.     

Modeling mitigation strategies for toxic cyanobacteria blooms in shallow and eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura, Japan

This paper explores mitigation scenarios for toxic cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Kasumigaura is located about 60–90 km northeast of Tokyo, in the southeast of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Dominant species of cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis viridis and Microcystis ichthyoblabe) produce highly potent toxins as (Microcystin-(Leucine + Arginine, MC-LR), Microcystin-(Arginine + Arginine, MC-RR) and Microcystin-(Tyrosine + Arginine, MC-YR) in the Lake. Toxin production is generally the result of two major factors-natural processes and human interferences. Both factors have an extreme influence on the generation of cyanobacteria toxins within lake ecosystems. To address these factors, we propose two concepts for mitigation. The first concept is intended for examining the natural process of toxin production behavior within the lake and the second concept is used for evaluating inflow of wastes and nutrients from human activities that form toxins. Our research aims to combine both strategies to mitigate impacts of toxins, by examining trends of cyanobacteria nutrient sources, buoyancy regulations that influence bloom formation, and the environmental conditions that spur blooms. This study proposes a simple IMPACT (Integrating Mitigation Policies for Aquatic Cyanobacteria Toxin) model for diminution strategies of harmful algal blooms and their toxins. A mixed-methods approach is employed, nested within the Environmental Systems Analysis (ESA) tools e.g. scenario analysis and stakeholder analysis. The quality of the lake is assessed through a combination of observation and field study analysis. The findings suggest that successful mitigation of cyanobacteria toxins is highly dependent on multi-functional, multi-stakeholder involvement, and relevant intergovernmental policy. Without integrating approaches among different stakeholders, diverse socioeconomic activists, local-national policymakers and effective policy measures, prevention of cyanobacteria toxin production within lakes becomes extremely complex and difficult. The proposed IMPACT model could be a decision framework for identifying suitable policies that mitigate cyanobacteria impacts.     

野外模拟扰动方式对太湖浮游植物群落结构的影响

浮游植物是水生生态系统的重要生产者,扰动是水体的固有特征.为探究扰动方式对浮游植物的影响,通过野外模拟试验探讨不同扰动方式（持续扰动和间歇扰动）对太湖浮游植物的影响,并在试验期间测定各扰动条件下浮游植物生长和群落结构变化情况.结果表明:①对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中浮游植物平均生物量分别为5.92、19.42、58.27 mg/L,平均细胞密度为1.06×108、1.23×108、3.48×108 L-1,持续扰动组浮游植物生物量和细胞密度显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.②在间歇扰动组中,浮游植物优势种始终是微囊藻,其占比平均值为84.61%;对照组和持续扰动组中,浮游植物主要优势种由微囊藻逐渐转变为湖生伪鱼腥藻,其中微囊藻占比从试验开始时的77.84%到试验结束时分别降至4.72%和5.62%,而湖生伪鱼腥藻从试验开始时的0.55%到试验结束时分别升至94.40%和90.52%.③对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.02、1.03和1.63,持续扰动组显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.研究显示,在该试验条件下,间歇扰动有利于维持微囊藻在太湖浮游植物中的优势地位,同时表明扰动方式显著影响太湖浮游植物生长和群落结构.      

Spatial and temporal variations of two cyanobacteria in the mesotrophic Miyun reservoir, China

Spatial variations in phytoplankton community within a large mesotrophic reservoir （Miyun reservoir, North China） were investigated in relation to variations in physico-chemical properties, nutrient concentrations, temperature and light conditions over a 5 month period in 2009. The dynamics of phytoplankton community was represented by the dominance of cyanobacteria through summer and fall, following with a short term dominance of chlorophyta in late fall, and a relatively high abundance of diatom in October; on the other hand, maximum phytoplankton biomass was recorded in the north shallow region of Miyun reservoir with a higher nutrients level. Particular attention was paid to the impacts of environmental conditions on the growth of two cyanobacteria genera, the toxin-producing Microcystis and the taste ＆ odor-producing Oscillatoria. Microcystis biomass was in general greatly affected by water temperature and mixing depth/local water depth ratio in this reservoir, while the Oscillatoria biomass in the surface and middle layers was greatly affected by total dissolved phosphorus, and that in the bottom layer was related with the Secchi depth/local water depth ratio. Abundant Oscillatoria biomass was observed only in late September when Microcystis biomass decreased and allowed sufficient light go through.     

沉积物中磷形态与湖泊富营养化的关系

应用乙二胺四乙酸法对长江中下游太湖、巢湖和龙感湖等3个湖泊表层沉积物中磷的形态进行连续提取和测定.结果发现,在表层沉积物中,3个湖泊钙磷的百分含量比较接近,占总磷的30%左右,太湖和巢湖铁磷的百分含量显著高于龙感湖,而龙感湖有机磷的相对含量较高,可达40%~50%.这3个湖泊沉积物中有机磷形态差别十分明显,其中太湖沉积物中的有机磷主要以酸可提取有机磷形式存在,巢湖沉积物中酸可提取有机磷约占总有机磷的一半,而龙感湖的有机磷大部分与腐殖酸结合.沉积物中酸可提取有机磷的释放可能又是一个导致湖泊富营养化的重要过程.     

内陆水体后向散射系数模拟研究

在利用半分析方法结合光学闭合原理模拟水体后向散射系数的过程中,参考波长的选择对最终结果有较大影响.为了得出最佳参考波长的影响因子,利用太湖、巢湖和滇池的野外实测数据,对后向散射系数进行模拟,进而分析水体的最佳参考波长与其对应的水质参数浓度之间的变化规律.同时,建立了太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的后向散射系数曲线的幂函数光谱模型,获得的光谱指数分别为2.643±0.317、 2.719±0.242、 1.638±0.534.结果表明：①以整个湖泊为研究对象时,最佳参考波长随着湖泊水体中总颗粒物浓度c_SPM、有机颗粒物浓度c_SPOM和叶绿素浓度c_CHL平均值的增大而向长波方向移动,太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的最佳参考波长分别为695、 720和730 nm;②以单个湖泊的各个样点为研究对象时,由于内陆湖泊光学特性的复杂性,最佳参考波长的影响因子存在一定差异,但c_SPM是一个共同的影响因子.此外,过高的c_CHL将削弱水质参数浓度与最佳参考波长间的规律性;③在以无机颗粒物为主的水体中,后向散射系数与总颗粒物浓度之间存在更好的相关性,如在太湖水体中,R²达到0.852.     

一株降解微囊藻毒素的缺陷短波单胞菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从太湖水华腐烂蓝藻中筛选出一株能够降解MC-LR的细菌,将其编号为Q3.经形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为缺陷短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas diminuta).研究发现,在实验条件下该菌能以MC-LR为唯一碳源和氮源生长;7 d内可将初始浓度为0.96 mg·L-1的MC-LR降解为0.37 mg·L-1,降解效率达到61.5%.同时,本研究首次发现缺陷短波单胞菌能够降解藻毒素,并且在此菌种中扩增出了降解过程的关键基因mlr A,推测该菌可能与已报道的Sphingomonas sp.ACM-3962等菌具有相同的降解机制.     

太湖浮游硅藻时空演化与环境因子的关系

利用1992年至2002年每月1次的监测资料,系统分析了太湖北部3个区域(河口、梅梁湾、湖心)浮游硅藻(Planktonic diatoms)生物量周年变化和空间分布情况.同时,水中磷酸盐(PO43--P)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)和硅酸盐(SiO23--Si)含量等相关资料也被用于解释太湖浮游硅藻时空分布的原因.结果显示,直链硅藻(Aulacoseira sp.)是太湖浮游硅藻的优势种,其它常见种有小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、针杆藻(Synedrasp.)等.硅藻总生物量占浮游藻类生物量百分比平均值约为20%.太湖浮游硅藻生物量在河口最大,梅梁湾其次,湖心最小,究其原因可能与河口的特殊生态环境(水流速度)有关,另外,河口丰富的营养盐,特别是磷酸盐和氨氮也是一个重要因素.温度可能是影响太湖浮游硅藻生物量季节变化的关键因素.Pearson相关分析证实,磷酸盐、氨氮和温度均与硅藻生物量显著相关(p<0.01),且蓝藻生物量百分比与硅藻生物量百分比呈显著负相关.研究结果说明,太湖浮游硅藻的生长分布受多种环境因子(磷酸盐、氨氮、温度)的影响限制,太湖浮游硅藻与蓝藻可能存在着竞争演替的趋势.     

藻华高风险期微囊藻在洱海中的垂直分布特征及其影响因素

大量微囊藻浮力调节及其垂向迁移是形成蓝藻水华的重要机制之一.为研究微囊藻的垂直分布特征及影响因素,以洱海北部湖心为监测点位,采用野外采样室内分析的方法,于2016年9—12月对微囊藻生物量、伪空胞体积、粒径等指标进行了测定.结果表明:9—11月微囊藻生物量逐月增长并于11月达到峰值（1.77 mg/L）,在12月出现下降（月均值为0.34 mg/L）;9月、11月微囊藻伪空胞体积（18.0~22.6 μm3/cell）较高,10月、12月较低（10.2~17.3 μm3/cell）;9—11月微囊藻的垂向迁移速率（5.4~14.5 m/d）、漂浮百分率（57%~96%）及群体粒径（91~305 μm）逐渐增大,12月明显减小.微囊藻生物量、伪空胞体积及群体粒径的垂直分布规律均表现为表层最高,中层次之,底层最低.9—11月,微囊藻在洱海中出现垂直分层现象,伪空胞提供的浮力作用和藻群体粒径作用大于风力扰动作用,促使微囊藻在水柱中主动迁移并聚集在水面;而在12月,风力扰动对微囊藻垂直分布的影响远超过浮力及粒径的作用,微囊藻在水柱中趋于均匀分布.研究显示,藻华高风险期微囊藻在洱海呈弱分层分布,且浮力及群体粒径是影响其垂直分布的主要因子.      

太湖水华期营养盐空间分异特征与赋存量估算

基于2013年7月的空间高密度采样数据,对太湖水华期水体营养盐进行了空间分异特征分析及赋存量估算,探讨了大型浅水湖泊不同生态类型湖区水华与营养盐的相关关系及样点设置的代表性.结果发现,水华期太湖水体营养盐及叶绿素a浓度(CHL)总体上均呈现由西北向东南降低的趋势;氮主要以溶解态存在,占总氮(TN)的76.28%,磷主要以颗粒态赋存,占总磷(TP)的66.38%.采用主成分分析和聚类分析,可以将采样点分为相互之间具有显著性差异的4个区域:第一区位于西北湖区,代表水华严重的重富营养湖区;第二区主要包括梅梁湾及南太湖的入湖河口一带湖区,代表水华和富营养化程度都相对中等的湖区;第三区包括湖心区和西南湖区,代表中等污染但水华频现湖区;第四区包括贡湖湾、胥口湾和东太湖等其他区域,代表水华影响较弱、水质较好湖区.分区统计分析表明,不同湖区影响浮游藻类生长的因子也不同:从全湖来看,与CHL显著相关的营养盐指标为TP、TN、溶解性总氮(TDN)和硝态氮(NO-3-N),而在第一区则为TP和TDN,第二区为TN和TDN,第三区为TP、磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)和TDN,第四区为PO3-4-P、溶解性总磷(TDP)和亚硝酸盐(NO-2-N).基于空间插值获得调查期间太湖水体TN、TDN、TP和TDP的赋存量分别为12 800、9 800、445和150 t.研究表明,作为一个大型浅水湖泊,因蓝藻水华空间迁移积聚特征和生态类型异化等特征,太湖水华期的营养盐具有高度空间异质性,对于此类大型浅水湖泊的监测与评价,应当考虑点位的合理布设及结果的恰当解读,避免因监测布点和统计方法不当而以偏概全.     

铜绿微囊藻生长代谢的密度依赖性特征及分子机制

蓝藻水华是淡水湖库普遍面临的水环境问题,目前水华形成机制研究大多关注外界环境因素而忽略了藻类自身及群体的关键调节作用.因此,本文以初始细胞密度为单一变量,考察了不同初始细胞密度条件下蓝藻生长、营养物质利用、叶绿素、藻毒素、胞外分泌物随时间的变化情况.结果发现,初始细胞密度会影响铜绿微囊藻的环境适应性和生长情况,当接种密度≥1×10⁶ cell·mL^-1,铜绿微囊藻适应期消失,初始细胞密度从1×10⁵ cell·mL^-1增加至1×10⁷ cell·mL^-1,最高细胞密度增加了68%,生长速率提高了21%,并且叶绿素变化趋势与生长情况一致.胞外分泌物随初始细胞密度增加而逐渐增加,有利于蓝藻细胞聚集成膜.当初始细胞密度较低（1×10⁵ cell·mL^-1）时,单细胞藻毒素分泌量反而增加,以提高蓝藻的环境适应能力.在高初始密度（1×10⁷ cell·mL^-1）条件下,铜绿微囊藻主要通过上调丙酮酸代谢和碳代谢,促进细胞生长增殖.因此,细胞密度是影响铜绿微囊藻生长代谢的重要因素,在蓝藻水华形成过程中可能发挥重要作用,水华防治应当在细胞密度较低的阶段进行.