广西重点城市空气质量预报系统

介绍了应用数值预报和统计预报相结合的集成预报技术建立的广西重点城市空气质量预报系统。指出该系统可根据影响大气污染物的天气系统类型修正预报结果，提高预报的准确率；建立的气象和环保部门的预报会商平台，使气象与环保部门实现了每天异地技术会商、信息资源共享等功能；系统的运行环境要求较低，只需终端用户具有拨号或专线上网或局域网联网功能；系统能用于多城市空气质量预报，对城市环境天气服务中的中小尺度短期(24h-48h)的天气预报也有参考价值。     

阿图什市空气质量变化趋势分析

分析了阿图什市“八五”至“九五”期间空气质量监测数据不同年度、不同季节及不同污染因子的动态变化趋势．结合当地能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平，指出影响阿图什市空气质量的主要因素，为防治和减轻阿图什市的空气污染提供了科学依据。     

博乐市空气质量变化趋势分析

分析了博乐市2001-2005年空气质量监测数据在不同月份、不同年份、不同污染因子的变化趋势，并结合当地能源结构、地理位置、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平。指出影响博乐市空气质量的主要因素，为防治或减轻博乐地区的空气污染提供了科学依据。     

基于新空气质量标准的全国大气环境承载力评价

随着中国环境问题特别是大气环境问题的凸显,环境承载能力研究成为国内各界关注的热点。采用大气污染物年均质量浓度与新的空气质量标准比较的方法即超标倍数法,对全国330个地级城市进行大气环境承载力评价。评价结果表明,有70%的城市大气环境超载,大气环境承载形势严峻。超载最严重地区为京津冀及周边区域,长三角地区、中部大部分地区。PM2.5为大多数重点城市超载的首要污染物。通过对比大气环境承载指数与污染物排放总量、污染排放强度、人口、第二产业、地形、气象等因素的相关关系发现,不同地区主要影响因素不同,应该采取分区域、季节等差别化手段控制污染物排放,提高环境承载能力。     

伊宁市空气质量动态变化趋势分析

分析了伊宁市空气质量长期监测数据不同月份、不同年度、不同污染因子的动态变化趋势，结合当地能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平，指出影响伊宁市空气质量的主要因素，为防治或减轻伊宁市的空气污染提供了科学依据。     

奎屯市空气质量变化趋势及改善途径分析

通过对奎屯市环境空气质量监测数据的分析,显示出大气污染三项因子随年、季变化的趋势(其中20％的天数TSP超标)。结合当地的能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平,探讨了改善奎屯市空气质量变化趋势的途径,为防治和减轻奎屯市的空气污染提供科学依据。     

城市空气质量的管理

根据“城市空气质量管理,欧盟和中国的实践与经验”国际会专家的发言,整理出有关中国城市空气质量管理的１０条建议,城市空气质量管理工作要加强其有生的评估,环保立法 和标准工作要体现先进性,发挥引导作用,城市空气质量管理要有科学研究的支持增强科学性;城市空气质量管理要有区域性的观点,城市质量管理要有前瞻性;城市质量要贯彻可持续发展战略,环保部门负责做好;空气质量管理,积极参与空气的污染治理,深化空气质量     

省级空气质量自动监测系统质量管理工作的思考

根据我国各城市空气质量自动监测系统的运行现状，针对实际工作中存在的问题，提出了由省环境监测中心质量专管、省辖市(地)环境监测站质量自管和兼管、县(市、区)环境监测站质量自管组成的三级网络化质量管理模式。     

《伦敦市长空气质量战略》与可持续改善城市空气质量

简单介绍伦敦市长空气质量战略的内容,从中借鉴出我国城市空气质量可持续改善的经验与措施:推行清洁汽车行动与清洁能源行动,大力发展城市公共交通。     

空气质量日报、预报传输方法的改进

中国环境监测总站已在中央电视台一套节目发布重点城市空气质量日报和预报 ,要求各重点城市按照日报、预报技术规定每日按时向中国环境监测总站传输数据。为此 ,中国环境监测总站开通了拨号连接 (ＰＳＴＮ) ,利用ＦＴＰ命令进行传输 ,规定在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ 95 /98的ＭＳ ＤＯＳ环境状态下 ,使用ＦＴＰ命令 ,以ＤＯＳ命令方式 ,键入一系列ＦＴＰ命令把日报、预报发出去 ,操作繁琐、在线时间长。许多省、市环境监测站采用了其他的ＦＴＰ传输软件 ,如ＬｅａｐＦＴＰ[1 ] 、ＣｕｔｅＦＴＰ等 ,以提高传输效率 ,缩短传输时间。在实际工作中发现 ,…     

Estimating air quality impacts

LEONARD ORTOLANO has written a textbook, Environmental Planning and Decision Making, that is ideal for introducing undergraduates to the field of environmental planning. His three chapters on environmental impact assessment (from 16 chapters overall) present a range of impact assessment methods in a helpful decision-making context. Specific techniques for considering biological factors in planning, evaluating the visual qualities of the environment, assessing noise impacts, assessing air quality impacts, and assessing impacts on water resources are also covered in five additional chapters. Professional planners and engineers should find this introduction to the approaches employed by specialists of various kinds helpful. With the permission of the publisher, John Wiley and Sons, we here reprint Chapter 15, “Estimating Air Quality Impacts,” from Ortolano's excellent book. This straightforward presentation of a six-step process for establishing the air quality impacts of proposed development projects is a model of clarity.     

Lichens as indicators for air quality

Indication depends on the existence of a known relationship between the possibilities for existence of the lichens and the quality of their surroundings. These possibilities may be read from the parameters such as: distribution patterns of species, species numbers, physiological and morphological aspects. This is illustrated by examples with emphasis on: choice of parameters, interaction between several factors, comparison of lichens with other organisms and evaluation of the use of lichens as indicators.     

Multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring

A new method for multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring systems based on satellite remote sensing of the troposphere is described in this work. The technique uses atmospheric turbidity as surrogate for air pollution loading. Through inverse chemical modeling and ancillary information the respective patterns of primary gaseous and particle pollutants are inferred. The optimization algorithm uses the resulting maps of ambient air pollution as input. It focuses on the gain of information with regard to human exposure to high pollution, potential impact on cultural heritage, compliance to ambient air quality standards, monitoring key point and area source emissions, as well as on the associated cost. Application of the method in Brescia, Italy showed its significant potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of air quality monitoring networks at the urban and regional scales.     

Indoor air quality in university environments

This study evaluates the airborne microflora in research laboratories of the University of Chieti (Italy). A quali-quantitative evaluation of the index microbial air contamination was performed using the settle plate method. The microbial air contamination was evaluated during 6 months in three university buildings (A, B, and C). Nutrient agar plates were exposed, monthly, for 1 h at the morning and the afternoon to evaluate the colony forming units per plate per hour. Together with the quantitative analysis, the most frequent bacterial and fungal colonies isolated were also characterized. Moreover, in each sampling, the number of the occupants in each room was recorded to evaluate a possible relationship with the microbial pollution. The microbial concentration was always within the limit values defined for these environments. Buildings A and C displayed a seasonal fluctuation of airborne microflora with the increase in microbial concentration in the warmer season (April to June) in respect to the colder period (October to December). The most common microorganisms detected in the indoor air of the examined buildings were Gram-positive bacteria, belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Actinomyces. Data presented here underline the useful monitoring of the research university laboratories also emphasizing the effectiveness of the settle plate method.     

城市空气质量综合评价的可拓方法

可拓方法是从定性和定量两个角度去处理现实世界中矛盾问题的一种新方法 ,它能较完整地反映事物的综合质量水平。本文介绍了可拓评价方法的基本原理 ,并探讨了该方法在城市空气质量综合评价中的应用 ,结果表明是合理可行的     

Outcomes of the first round of local authority air quality Review and Assessments under the UK's air quality strategy

In 1997, the UK government instigated the practice of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in the UK. This process is based on local authorities undertaking Review and Assessments of air quality within their areas. The first round of Review and Assessments have now been completed and represents the most extensive and coordinated analysis of air pollution ever undertaken in the UK, and probably in Europe. This paper takes a broad look at the outcomes of this process so far and identifies some of the key areas where lessons have/can be learnt both about patterns of air pollution in the UK and about the framework for investigating these that has been implemented under the LAQM regime. The process has led to a much higher number of local authorities finding problems with air pollution than initially expected. It has also challenged many assumptions about the significance of various pollutants and their sources.