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Nancy Johnson 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1994,4(2):223-234
Many Superfund or hazardous waste sites prove to be excellent candidates for remediation using transportable incineration. Transportable incineration has been selected as the alternative of choice to remediate numerous sites throughout the United States. There are a number of firms that provide mobile and transportable incineration equipment and services. A variety of treatment systems are available, including rotary kilns, fluidized beds, and infrared incinerators. Roy F. Weston, Inc., has been instrumental in the development, design, permitting, construction, performance testing, and operation of hazardous and toxic waste thermal treatment systems. Weston owns and operates two high-temperature transportable incineration systems (TISs). The first system is Weston's seven-ton-per-hour (tph) TIS-5. The second is the TIS-20, with a design capacity of up to 30 tph. These units are typical rotary kiln incinerators, the most flexible, adaptable type of incineration unit. This article discusses Weston's use of these incinerators to remediate soils at sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 相似文献
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David A. Tillman W. Randall Seeker David W. Pershing Katherine DiAntonio 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1991,1(3):251-273
The Bog Creek Farm CERCLA (Superfund) site in Howell Township, New Jersey, was extensively contaminated, allegedly with wastes from paint manufacturing. The site contained two types of incinerable wastes: contaminated soils and sediments. A remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) was conducted, leading to a recommendation to treat the most contaminated areas by incineration. This recommendation was converted into the selected approach through the Record of Decision (ROD) mechanism. Contaminants at the Bog Creek Farm site included a wide range of volatiles, semivolatiles, and heavy metals. The incineration approach chosen, therefore, had to remove the organics from the soil without creating additional problems associated with heavy metals emissions. In order to evaluate the incineration problem and develop an advisory conceptual design for its solution, Ebasco Services Incorporated performed extensive characterizations of the material. Such characterizations included performing proximate and ultimate analyses and determining other key physical, chemical, and thermodynamic properties of the soils and sludges. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) then performed treatability studies in its rotary kiln test incinerator. These treatability studies focused upon the rotary kiln, and the environment required for cleaning the soil. They assumed that contaminants in the vapor phase could be destroyed in the afterburner. Tests were conducted at bed temperatures of 1,000°F, 1,460°F, and 1,800°F. Samples were drawn from the kiln at intermediate times. Combustion regimes were therefore constructed for the treatment of Bog Creek Farm wastes, maximizing organic removal while managing the heavy metals problem. Ebasco then converted the results of the incinerability or treatability studies into an advisory conceptual design. This advisory conceptual design called for a kiln temperature of 1,600°F (bed temperature of 1,200°F) and a solids residence time in the kiln of 40 minutes. Additional data indicated that the afterburner could operate at 1,800°F in order to ensure destruction of the POHCs. Combustion chemistry fundamentals demonstrated that the minimum afterburner temperature required was 1,650°F. Ebasco converted this conceptual design into a performance specification to be used in the bid process, under the management of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The remediation was then put out to bid. Chemical Waste Management was the successful bidder. The incineration was successfully completed by August 1990; the system was then demobilized, as the site was remediated. 相似文献
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采用电动力修复技术处理Pb、Cd复合污染土壤,考察了柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)作为电解液对棕壤(ZR)和红壤(HR)两种我国典型壤质中Pb、Cd去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电压梯度为2 V/cm,修复时间为4 d的条件下,ZR的最佳电解液为EDTA,Pb、Cd平均去除率为13.2%和17.8%,HR的最佳电解液为柠檬酸,Pb、Cd的平均去除率为20.0%和33.8%;延长修复时间至10 d能显著提高HR中Pb、Cd的去除率,电解液为柠檬酸时Cd平均去除率达91.1%,电解液为EDTA时Pb平均去除率达63.2%,修复后土壤中Cd和Pb含量均低于建筑用地土壤污染风险筛选值。综合考虑能耗及修复效果,EDTA是高效且经济的修复电解液。 相似文献
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Yvonne Spira John Henstock Paul Nathanail Dietmar Müller David Edwards 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2006,16(4):81-96
The European Commission (EC) has recognized a need for strengthening innovation of environmental technologies in order to increase competitiveness of European technologies on a global market and to achieve a more sustainable development in Europe. In the area of soil and groundwater remediation, innovative technologies are principally available and have proven applicability and performance on demonstration scales, but market uptake is disappointing. Consequently, initiatives have been launched in order to promote application of these technologies and to investigate on the harmonization of applications. The European Co‐ordination Action for Demonstration of Efficient Soil and Groundwater Remediation (EURODEMO), an EC‐funded project, is one strategic initiative for supporting these goals. This article summarizes results obtained so far regarding the investigation of the European situation and some undertaken and envisaged measures to achieve better market uptake. The results of this research project may serve as prerequisites for a European Environmental Technologies Verification (ETV) process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a set of chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment for long periods of time, and biomagnify as they move up through the food chain. Combustion technologies have been the principal technology used to destroy POPs. However, combustion technologies can create polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐furans, which are human carcinogens. Two organizations, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International HCH and Pesticides Association (IHPA) have developed detailed reports and fact sheets about noncombustion technologies for POP treatment. This article is intended to update and summarize these reports in a concise reader's guide, with links to sources of further information. The updated information was obtained by reviewing various Web sites and documents, and by contacting technology vendors and experts in the field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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采用内酯型槐糖脂(SL50)修复石油污染土壤。通过单因子实验与正交实验,考察了槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、振荡时间、反应体系初始pH、NaCl加入量以及固液比(土壤质量与表面活性剂溶液体积之比)对污染土壤石油烃洗脱率的影响。单因子模型回归分析结果表明,参数变量均符合二次拟合模型,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、反应体系初始pH以及NaCl加入量的二次模型拟合效果较好。正交实验结果表明,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度和反应体系初始pH是该实验的敏感性因子,最优洗脱条件为槐糖脂溶液质量浓度40 mg/L、反应体系初始pH 9、NaCl加入量6%(w)。 相似文献
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采用微波辐照技术修复氯丹污染土壤,以氯丹的挥发率和分解率为主要评价指标,研究了微波辐照条件对土壤修复效果的影响。实验结果表明:氯丹的挥发率随微波辐照功率的增大而增大,而氯丹的分解率则无明显变化;当活性炭与土壤质量比为9∶120时,氯丹的去除效果最好,去除率达89%;氯丹的挥发性能在前20min内随微波辐照时间的延长而增强,而氯丹的分解性能则刚好相反;当土壤含水率为15%时,氯丹的挥发率最高,为2.5%,而氯丹分解率最小,为16.8%;在酸性偏中性范围内氯丹的去除效果较差,随土壤p H的不断增大,氯丹的挥发率明显升高,且氯丹的分解率也增大。 相似文献
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This study evaluated pilot‐scale active caps composed of apatite, organoclay, biopolymers, and sand for the remediation of metal‐contaminated sediments. The active caps were constructed in Steel Creek, at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina. Monitoring was conducted for 12 months. Effectiveness of the caps was based on an evaluation of contaminant bioavailability, resistance to erosion, and impacts on benthic organisms. Active caps lowered metal bioavailability in the sediment during the one‐year test period. Biopolymers reduced sediment suspension during cap construction, increased the pool of carbon, and lowered the release of metals. This field validation showed that active caps can effectively treat contaminants by changing their speciation, and that caps can be constructed to include more than one type of amendment to achieve multiple goals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Use of fungal technology in soil remediation: A Case Study 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Two white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus and a PAH-degrading bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida were used as inoculum for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured-gas-plant-area. Also two cocultures comprising a fungus with Pseudomonas putida were applied. After 10-week treatment out of 12 different PAHs, concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene decreased up to 66%. The ecotoxicity of the soil after bioremediation did not reveal any effect on the survival of Daphnia magna, a crustacian. However, the toxic effect on seed germination of plant Brassica
alba and oxidoreductase activity of bacterium Bacillus cereus decreased after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment. 相似文献
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Montoneri E Boffa V Savarino P Tambone F Adani F Micheletti L Gianotti C Chiono R 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(1):383-389
A compost isolated humic acid-like (cHAL) material was pointed out in previous work for its potential as auxiliary in chemical technology. Its potential is based on its relatively low 0.4gL(-1) critical micellar concentration (cmc) in water, which enables cHAL to enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic substances, like phenanthrene, when used at higher concentrations than 0.4gL(-1). This material could be obtained from a 1:1 v/v mixture of municipal solid and lignocellulosic wastes composted for 15 days. The compost, containing 69.3% volatile solids, 39.6% total organic C and 21C/N ratio, was extracted for 24h at 65 degrees C under N2 with aqueous 0.1molL(-1) NaOH and 0.1molL(-1) Na4P2O7, and the solution was acidified to separate the precipitated cHAL in 12% yield from soluble carbohydrates and other humic and non-humic substances. In this work two typical applications of surfactants, i.e., textile dyeing (TD) and soil remediation by washing (SW), were chosen as grounds for testing the performance of the cHAL biosurfactant against the one of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), which is a well established commercial synthetic surfactant. The TD trials were carried out with nylon 6 microfiber and a water insoluble dye, while the SW tests were performed with two soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for several decades. Performances were rated in the TD experiments based on the fabric colour intensity (DeltaE) and uniformity (sigmaDeltaE), and in the SW experiments based on the total hydrocarbons concentration (CWPAH) and on the residual surfactant (Cre) concentrations in the washing solution equilibrated with the contaminated soils. The results show that both cHAL and SDS exhibit enhanced performance when applied above their cmc values. However, while in the TD case a significant performance effect was observed at the surfactants cmc value, in the SW case the required surfactants concentration values were equivalent to 25-125xcmc for cHAL and to 4-22xcmc for SDS. The vis-a-vis comparison of the two surfactants gave the following results: in the TD case the cHAL biosurfactant at 0.4gL(-1) yields good colour intensity and equal colour uniformity as SDS at 5gL(-1), in the SW case cHAL was found to enhance CWPAH by a factor of 2-4 relative to SDS with one soil, whereas with the other soil the two surfactants behaved similarly. The Cre data, however, showed that both soils absorbed by far more SDS (68-95%) than cHAL (12-54%). The results point out intriguing technological and environmental perspectives deriving from the use of compost isolated biosurfactants in the place of synthetic surfactants. 相似文献
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以磷酸二氢钾(PDP)钝化后的重金属污染土壤为研究对象,通过室内土柱淋溶和土壤吸水实验,考察pH为3.1、4.6和5.1的模拟酸雨对污染土壤修复过程中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响。实验结果表明:PDP处理显著增加了淋出液的pH、电导率、TOC和正磷酸盐态磷(ZP)含量,在淋溶初期显著降低了淋出液的Cu、Cd和Pb含量,但在淋溶后期增大了Pb含量;土壤持水量与电导率、pH、TOC和ZP含量呈现极显著负相关性;土壤修复过程中,有机质的淋失、盐分含量及pH的增大可引起土壤持水能力的减弱。 相似文献
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Computer simulation provides a powerful tool for comparing alternative designs of remediation processes. The software package FLUENT copes successfully with subsurface three-dimensional flow fields, multiple and directional permeabilities, wide spatial variations in subsurface gas velocities, and the presence of surface structures. FLUENT can provide an invaluable method for comparing remediation efficiencies among competing design alternatives. This article features case studies to illustrate the benefits that simulation studies provide before and during the initiation of remedial actions using bioventing. 相似文献