Correlates of burnout among public service lawyers

Several hypotheses suggested by the theoretical literature on burnout were empirically tested in an attempt to identify the organizational conditions associated with employee burnout. Public service lawyers in the U.S. (N= 391) completed a survey designed to assess (a) three components of burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of low personal accomplishment; (b) perceptions of several job conditions predicted to be associated these three components of burnout, including workload, role conflict, social support, decision-making policies, and autonomy; and (c) organizational commitment. Results indicate that emotional exhaustion is most strongly associated with role conflict and quantitative workload. Feelings of personal accomplishment were associated with supervisory social support and job level. Depersonalization was associated with role conflict and decision-making policies. Finally, each burnout component is significantly related to organizational commitment.     

Age-related accident risks among assembly workers: A longitudinal study of male workers employed in the Swedish automobile industry

This study investigates whether there is evidence of age-related accident risks among male assembly workers in the Swedish automobile industry. Age-related accident ratios (ARs) were measured for all accidents aggregated and for six accident types over a 10-year period, using five age categories and three time intervals. The results showed that regardless of accident type, ARs were generally higher among younger workers than older ones, though not for all accident types and time periods. ARs by (open) age cohorts increased over time in four accident situations out of six for assemblers aged 25–34 (35–44 in 1990–1991). Inequalities in risk exposure, labor-market factors, and early deselection from the occupation are emphasized as significant external factors in the age-related differences observed in ARs.     

Correlates of career-oriented mentoring for early career managers and professionals

This study examines several different kinds of correlates of career-oriented mentoring experiences among early career managers and professionals. Survey data were collected from 416 respondents employed in a wide variety of jobs, organizations, and industries. The respondents averaged 30 years of age, and 28 per cent were women. Results indicated that younger, more work-involved respondents from higher socioeconomic origins received more career-oriented mentoring. In addition, managers received more mentoring than professionals, as did those who were higher in the organization hierarchy. While gender of the protégé was unrelated to the amount of career mentoring received, reasons are offered for this result. Various boundary conditions likely to affect mentoring processes are discussed and several directions are recommended for future research on mentoring.     

Prevalence of drink-driving among adults in China: A nationally representative survey in 2010

Objective: We examined the prevalence of and characteristics associated with drink-driving in China. We compared this study's drink-driving findings with those from the United States to explore how effective traffic safety interventions from Western cultures might be adapted for use in China.

Methods: Data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Survey were analyzed to describe the prevalence and characteristics associated with drink-driving in China.

Results: Overall, 1.5% of Chinese adults reported drink-driving in the past 30 days—3% of males and 0.1% of females. However, among males who had driven a vehicle in the past 30 days and consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days, 19% reported drink-driving during the 30-day period. Excessive drinking, binge drinking, nonuse of seat belts, and having been injured in a road traffic crash in the past year were most strongly associated with drink-driving among males.

Conclusions: Drink-driving is prevalent among male drivers in China. Although large differences exist between China and the United States in the proportion of adults who drive, the proportion who consume alcohol, and some of the personal characteristics of those who drink and drive, similarities between the 2 countries are present in patterns of risk behaviors among drink-driving. To reduce injuries and deaths from drink-driving, effective interventions from Western cultures need to be tailored for adoption in China.     

关于生产经营单位主要负责人、安全生产管理人员及其他从业人员安全生产培训考核工作的意见

安监管人〔2 0 0 2〕1 2 3号各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团安全生产监督管理部门 ,各煤矿安全监察局及北京、新疆生产建设兵团煤矿监察办事处 :　　为规范生产经营单位主要负责人、安全生产管理人员及其他从业人员的安全生产培训、考核及安全资格认证工作 ,提高生产经营单位主要负责人、安全生产管理人员及其他从业人员的安全生产素质 ,促进安全生产 ,依据《安全生产法》的有关规定 ,现就生产经营单位主要负责人、安全生产管理人员及其他从业人员的安全生产培训考核工作提出如下意见 :　　一、生产经营单位主要负责人、安全生产管…     

流动人员职业健康监护存在的问题与对策

流动人口的职业健康监护问题是职业卫生工作的重点与难点,是预防控制职业病,是保障流动人口职业健康和公平劳动权益的重要环节。根据对北京、浙江、山东、湖北、内蒙等地的调研,对流动人口职业健康监护存在的问题及原因进行了总结分析,结合目前我国职业卫生资源提出了政策建议。     

安全科技人才教育发展战略研究

我国当前安全事故频发与安全科技人才匮乏有一定的关系,安全科技人才教育公共性的缺失是安全科技人才减少的主要原因,国家要走政府主导型的安全科技人才教育发展之路,从战略的高度对其进行研究,本文就这一问题进行尝试性的探索,旨在为我国安全产生提供数量足够的高质量的安全科技人才,为国家作出更大的贡献。     

Development of a risk-based maintenance strategy using FMEA for a continuous catalytic reforming plant

Petrochemical facilities and plants require essential ongoing maintenance to ensure high levels of reliability and safety. A risk-based maintenance (RBM) strategy is a useful tool to design a cost-effective maintenance schedule; its objective is to reduce overall risk in the operating facility. In risk assessment of a failure scenario, consequences often have three key features: personnel safety effect, environmental threat and economic loss. In this paper, to quantify the severity of personnel injury and environmental pollution, a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method is developed using subjective information derived from domain experts. On the basis of failure probability and consequence analysis, the risk is calculated and compared against the known acceptable risk criteria. To facilitate the comparison, a risk index is introduced, and weight factors are determined by an analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the appropriate maintenance tasks are scheduled under the risk constraints. A case study of a continuous catalytic reforming plant is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The results indicate that FMEA is helpful to identify critical facilities; the RBM strategy can increase the reliability of high-risk facilities, and corrective maintenance is the preferred approach for low-risk facilities to reduce maintenance expenditure.     

合流制排水系统溢流污染控制策略的系统动力学分析

为了探索城市合流制排水系统溢流污染的控制策略,基于合流制排水系统结构特征,应用系统动力学方法构建了溢流污染控制系统动力学模型。该模型分为污染源产生子系统、收集运输子系统、污水溢流子系统、污水处理子系统及受纳水体子系统5部分,每个子系统相互作用构成完整的系统动力学模型。将该模型应用于镇江市老城区合流制排水系统溢流污染控制规划,从排水系统的源-流-汇三方面(包括源头减污、过程控污、末端治污和综合集成),模拟分析各种溢流污染控制策略的效能。     

白洋淀流域“节水～控源～净淀～调控”一体化技术集成

针对白洋淀流域存在的水环境与水生态问题,以综合集成方法论为指导,从节水、控源、净淀、调控4个单元进行技术集成,并运用多目标优选的数学方法进行技术方案的选择,确立了流域节水模式、污染源控制和负荷削减技术、淀区净化方案以及综合调控方法,并整合水环境健康诊断、水生态安全预警、GIS平台,构建了水生态综合调控决策支持系统.     

Characteristics of drivers testing positive for heroin or ecstasy in Norway

An increasing number of heroin and ecstasy seizures were recorded by the Norwegian police and customs authorities in the 1990s. The number of apprehended drivers in whom heroin and ecstasy were detected also rose in the same period (Heroin, 1991: n = 17, 1999: n = 320. Ecstasy, 1995: n = 6, 1999: n = 123). Drivers who tested positive for heroin (detected in urine as the metabolite 6-monoacetyl-morphine, 6-MAM) or ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxy-metamphetamine, MDMA, detected in blood) were characterized with regard to age distribution, drug use pattern, and earlier arrests. In 1998-1999, the police apprehended 9013 drivers on suspicion of being under the influence of drugs other than alcohol. Blood and urine samples from the drivers were sent to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse and analyzed for the most commonly abused drugs. 6-MAM was detected in urine in 7% of the cases (n = 637), representing 542 different drivers (male: 85%, n = 463, female: 15%, n = 79) as some drivers were rearrested several times during the selection period. MDMA was detected in 2% of the cases (n = 190), representing 177 drivers (male: 90%, n = 160, female: 10%, n = 17). The median ages of drivers who tested positive for 6-MAM or MDMA were 32 and 24 years, respectively. Multi-drug use was very common in both groups (83% and 98% for the heroin and ecstasy group, respectively). Drivers in both groups were followed back to 1985 to detect earlier arrests for the same offence. Of the heroin group, 78% (n = 417) had earlier been arrested for drunken or drugged driving. Alcohol was the drug most frequently detected on first arrest. Of the ecstasy group, 47% (n = 83) had earlier been arrested, and amphetamine was most frequently found on first arrest.     

关于检修或安装工程项目安全确认及其模式的探讨

根据多年安全工作实践 ,提出了安全确认的概念与分类 ,总结了检修或安装工程项目一般的安全确认内容 ,并阐述了安全确认的模式 ,对于搞好安全确认 ,完善安全管理工作 ,促进安全工作上台阶有着十分重要的意义。     

试论企业法人及法人代表对职工安全应负的法律责任

根据当前的安全生产形势 ,系统地说明了企业法人及法人代表对职工安全生产应负的法律责任     

国内输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管采标情况分析

TSG 21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》对装卸软管的性能做出要求,但未明确给出相关检测采用的协调标准与引用标准.国内装卸液化石油气、天然气等软管主要采用橡胶软管,本文通过收集国内现行检测输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管的国际标准与国家标准,分析国内标准的采标情况,包括采标率、采标一致性程度、采标时效性,为检测...     

Fatigue and beyond: patterns of and motivations for illicit drug use among long-haul truck drivers

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the illicit drug use patterns of long-distance truck drivers. This population is considered to be a special interest group in terms of drug-driving research and policy due to high rates of use, involvement of drugs in truck accidents, and the link between drug use and work-related fatigue. METHODS: Qualitative interview data were collected from 35 long-haul truck drivers in Southeast Queensland and analyzed through grounded theory techniques. Interviews were conducted at truck stops and loading facilities in both metropolitan and regional cites throughout Queensland. RESULTS: High rates of licit and illicit drug use (particularly amphetamines) were reported by the majority of the sample. However, unlike previous studies that focus on fatigue, this research found overlapping and changing motivations for drug use during individual lifetimes. Becker's model of a drug use "career" was utilized to reveal that some drivers begin illicit drug use before they commence truck driving. As well as fatigue, powerful motives such as peer pressure, wanting to fit the trucking "image," socialization, relaxation, and addiction were also reported as contributing factors to self-reported drug driving. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that these additional social factors may need to be considered and incorporated with fatigue factors when developing effective drug prevention or cessation policies for truck drivers.     

海河干流流域暴雨径流非点源污染负荷解析与控制策略

随着点源污染逐渐得到有效控制,非点源污染对海河干流流域水环境污染的贡献日益增大,对其污染负荷进行科学测算成为海河干流水质达标方案制订的重要前提。基于GIS技术,通过土地利用类型划分,利用PLOAD模型对海河干流的暴雨径流非点源污染负荷进行了计算。结果表明,海河干流流域建设用地的比例依海河流向自上而下逐渐递减,而涉农用地逐渐增加,城区地表径流与农业面源污染分别是上、下游地区重要的非点源污染负荷来源。关于流域的暴雨径流非点源污染负荷,CODCr为15 619.29 t/a,NH3-N为369.16 t/a,TN为851.20 t/a,TP为250.29 t/a。为改善海河干流水质,非点源污染控制应纳入流域的污染物总量控制计划中,与点源污染一起参与环境容量的分配与控制。     

Effectiveness of mandatory license testing for older drivers in reducing crash risk among urban older Australian drivers

Most licensing jurisdictions in Australia maintain mandatory assessment programs targeting older drivers, whereby a driver reaching a specified age is required to prove his or her fitness to drive through medical assessment and/or on-road testing. Previous studies both in Australia and elsewhere have consistently failed to demonstrate that age-based mandatory assessment results in reduced crash involvement for older drivers. However studies that have based their results upon either per-population or per-driver crash rates fail to take into account possible differences in driving activity. Because some older people maintain their driving licenses but rarely if ever drive, the proportion of inactive license-holders might be higher in jurisdictions without mandatory assessment relative to jurisdictions with periodic license assessment, where inactive drivers may more readily either surrender or lose their licenses. The failure to control for possible differences in driving activity across jurisdictions may be disguising possible safety benefits associated with mandatory assessment. The current study compared the crash rates of drivers in Melbourne, Australia, where there is no mandatory assessment and Sydney, Australia, where there is regular mandatory assessment from 80 years of age onward. The crash rate comparisons were based on four exposure measures: per population, per licensed driver, per distance driven, and per time spent driving. Poisson regression analysis incorporating an offset to control for inter-jurisdictional road safety differences indicated that there was no difference in crash risk for older drivers based on population. However drivers aged 80 years and older in the Sydney region had statistically higher rates of casualty crash involvement than their Melbourne counterparts on a per license issued basis (RR: 1.15, 1.02-1.29, p=0.02) and time spent driving basis (RR: 1.19, 1.06-1.34, p=0.03). A similar trend was apparent based on distance travelled but was of borderline statistical significance (RR: 1.11, 0.99-1.25, p=0.07). Collectively, it can be inferred from these findings that mandatory license re-testing schemes of the type evaluated have no demonstrable road safety benefits overall. Further research to resolve this on-going policy debate is discussed and recommended.