新疆天业集团公司煤制乙炔获突破

新疆天业集团公司与俄罗斯研究院、中国科学院等离子研究所和复旦大学合作，共同研发的从煤炭中直接提取乙炔气体的“等离子体裂解煤制乙炔”技术项目取得突破性进展，研制成功的煤制乙炔实验装置，已从煤炭中清洁、高效地生产出已炔。     

煤制乙二醇废水预处理装置的工业化调试

针对煤制乙二醇废水含高浓度硝酸盐氮的特点,设计了缺氧膨胀床(AEB)反应器预处理装置,并进行了工业化启动和调试运行,考察了其在反硝化连续流运行条件下的处理效果及工艺参数变化。结果表明,AEB反应器启动后,填料层生物膜挂膜快速且生长稳定。反应器在工业化调试阶段运行稳定,COD和TN的去除率和去除负荷较为稳定。在受到来水冲击后,AEB反应器处理效果稳定,出水可在短期内恢复正常。该技术的系统操控参数范围较广,易于工业化操控运行,在煤制乙二醇废水和其他含高浓度硝酸盐氮废水的处理中具有较大的推广价值。     

废旧塑料催化裂解制备汽油

介绍了由废旧塑料通过热裂解和催化裂解制备汽油的方法,着重介绍了由废旧塑料制得的重油经催化裂解获取汽油的反应装置,催化剂、反应条件,产物分析和可能的反应途径。     

净煤新技术信息

1.美国能源部能源技术中心已委托匹茨堡大学开发它的专利净煤技术,用液态二氧化碳分离煤中的灰分和黄铁矿硫 2.据美国电力研究协会的研究报告透露,有可能在近期内将生物处理煤的工艺提供给市场。现有的生物溶解和煤脱硫技术成就已可作为生物净煤工艺的基础。低级煤经微生物(木质素裂解菌)处理,可获得清洁燃料。这类技术可使煤在地下变为液体,然后像油那样泵送到地面。 (杨会谷摘译自Pontv Engineering,June,P,16)     

吸附材料的新领域

一种常见的杯芳烃显示出了潜在的才能。通常，结晶物质不能吸附气体。但美国密苏里大学研究者们发现：随着轻微的扭曲，这种杯芳烃可迅速且可逆地吸附如乙炔和CO2等气体。     

废植物热解制气制油制炭的研究

主要考察了不同废植物的热解产气产油（液）产炭效果及不同过程条件的热解产气产油产炭效果。可用作热解制气制油制炭的废植物包括一切草木本植物,含有大量的木质素和纤维素,属于可再生能源。废植物热解制气制油制炭,可以使大量的被遗弃废植物得到充分利用,变废为宝,同时,可以帮助解决未来可能出现的能源危机,为废弃物的资源化、为未来的能源发展提供了新的方向。另外,由于废植物的广泛可取,废植物热解制气特别适用于在中小城市和农村推广应用,改善人们的生活条件和居住环境,进一步缩小城乡差距,为国家的经济发展做出贡献。     

制胶废水处理技术研究

对制胶废水处理技术进行了试验研究。结果表明,采用气浮预处理,使废水的可生化性大大提高,然后通过生物接触氧化和活性炭吸附处理,出水ＣＯＤ为９２ｍｇ／Ｌ,挥发酚０．０５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,甲醛未检出,水质清澈透明、无色无臭。为制胶废水的治理提供了切实可行的新途径。     

Fe3O4-PTFE电极制备条件和双阴极电-Fenton反应条件的优化

制备了Fe₃O₄-聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）电极,优化了原料配比和焙烧温度。对比了Fe₃O₄-PTFE单阴极和Fe₃O₄-PTFE与乙炔碳黑-PTFE电极并联双阴极体系对模拟Rhb染料废水的处理效果。实验结果表明：在m（Fe₃O₄）∶m（PTFE）=3.0∶2.5、焙烧温度为300 ℃的条件下制备Fe₃O₄-PTFE电极,采用阴极电-Fenton法降解模拟Rhb废水的效果最佳,电解反应120 min时Rhb降解率达86.91%;Fe₃O₄-PTFE电极与乙炔碳黑-PTFE电极并联作为双阴极电解Rhb废水时,最佳电压为6 V,最佳初始废水pH为3,在此条件下电解反应120 min时Rhb降解率达91.65%。     

磷石膏制酸联产水泥技术研究现状

我国磷石膏制酸联产水泥技术自20世纪90年代开始试车投产,在国家政策支持下,各公司的"四六"工程纷纷起建。但时至今日,仍在运行中的工程装置寥寥无几。从不同方面总结了近年来磷石膏制酸联产水泥技术的研究现状及问题所在,据此提出了几点建议,并认为制酸联产水泥仍具有优越的前景。     

低温等离子体技术降解含氮硫废气的研究进展

论述了采用低温等离子体技术处理含氮硫废气以及恶臭气体的反应机理和研究现状,重点介绍了低温等离子体技术与催化、吸附、光催化等技术的联合技术,分析了低温等离子体联合技术存在的问题及发展方向。     

有机固废热解反应器研究进展

热解技术是一种优秀的有机固废处理技术,其具有环保、减量化、资源化等优点,热解技术的核心是热解反应器。通过介绍不同类型热解反应器的特点及其研究与工程应用的进展,为下一步引进与开发热解工艺提供技术支撑。     

Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration,gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece

For a sustainable municipal sewage sludge management, not only the available technology, but also other parameters, such as policy regulations and socio-economic issues should be taken in account. In this study, the current status of both European and Greek Legislation on waste management, with a special insight in municipal sewage sludge, is presented. A SWOT analysis was further developed for comparison of pyrolysis with incineration and gasification and results are presented. Pyrolysis seems to be the optimal thermochemical treatment option compared to incineration and gasification. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is favorable for energy savings, material recovery and high added materials production, providing a ‘zero waste’ solution. Finally, identification of challenges and barriers for sewage sludge pyrolysis deployment in Greece was investigated.     

Reaction Kinetic Model For Optimal Pyrolysis Of Plastic Waste Mixtures

Reaction kinetics at various temperatures for pyrolysis of mixtures of plastic waste [polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS)] are modelled in terms of five types of pyrolysis reaction. The model development is based on the assumption that as plastic wastes are heated in a non-reactive environment they are decomposed homogeneously to various products of gas, oil and char by a first-order rate, irreversible reaction and isothermal condition. Among the five models, the type II model in which the activated polymer exists as an intermediate product is the most accurate in predicting the pyrolysis products of pure PE or pure PS. Also, for mixtures of plastics both type II and IV models can be used to explain the composition of pyrolysis products. Furthermore, from the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the mixing ratio and temperature are shown to be the parameters that have the greatest effect on the pyrolysis reaction of polymer waste mixture. The pyrolysis reaction time for the maximum oil production from PE-PS mixtures is shorter than for PE alone and approaches that of PS alone. Oil production increases with increase of PS content. The optimal temperature for maximum oil production is 600°C for the pyrolysis of 2:8, 5:5 and 1:0 mixtures (w/w) of PE and PS. Oil production for PS alone is constant when the pyrolysis is above 600°C.     

热解技术处理废弃电路板的研究进展

介绍了回收废弃电路板的热分离方法,综述了热解技术在废弃电路板处理中的研究现状及其所具有的优势。阐述了废弃电路板热解产物的资源价值及热解油的分离与提纯的研究现状,讨论了热解技术处理废弃电路板过程中消除剧毒有机溴化合物及HBr回收的研究进展,同时简介了真空热解技术的研究概况,并指出真空热解技术是今后处理废弃电路板的研究方向之一,有广阔的应用前景。     

热解温度对青霉素菌渣热解产物的影响

将青霉素菌渣在400～700℃进行热解,研究了产物中热解炭、热解油及气体的产率,以及热解油的组成变化.实验结果表明:600℃时热解油产率最高,随着温度升高,热解炭的产率降低,气体的产率升高;热解油中含量最高的是含氧化合物,在400℃时质量分数达到最高值69.69％,含氧化合物的含量随着热解温度的升高而降低,酸和醇类是热...     

发酵-渗透汽化膜技术制无水乙醇研究进展

渗透汽化膜技术作为一种新型的膜分离技术和清洁生产技术,与发酵法相耦合生产燃料乙醇,具有高效、节能和环保的优势。综述了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究进展,介绍了该工艺动力学模型的研究成果,与传统的发酵法进行了经济性对比,阐述了渗透汽化膜技术应用于无水乙醇工业化生产的现状和存在的问题,展望了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究方向。     

我国废塑料油化技术的应用现状与前景

介绍了我国废塑料油化技术的现状,对废塑料的热解法、热解－催化改质法、催化热解法3种基本方法进行了经济技术评价,对建立废塑料油化工厂的原料收集体系及运输距离、建厂规模、生产过程中存在的二次污染问题进行了分析,探讨了控制污染的方案,对制定相关的政策和法律提出了建议,探讨了具有我国特色的废塑料油化技术发展及应用之路。     

以清洁生产理念促进我国钛白粉产业的发展

介绍了我国钛白粉产业的现状,阐述了钛白粉产业清洁生产的重要性,分析了影响我国钛白粉产业可持续发展的问题及原因.指出施行清洁生产对钛白粉产业加快技术进步、调整产业结构、促进产业升级具有重要意义.     

Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in the past. NMFs from WEEE contain heavy metals, brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and other toxic and hazardous substances. Combustion as well as landfill may cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, research on resource reutilization and safe disposal of the NMFs from WEEE has a great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Among the enormous variety of NMFs from WEEE, some of them are quite easy to recycle while others are difficult, such as plastics, glass and NMFs from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this paper, we mainly focus on the intractable NMFs from WEEE. Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed in this paper. For WEEE plastics, the pyrolysis technology has the lowest energy consumption and the pyrolysis oil could be obtained, but the containing of BFRs makes the pyrolysis recycling process problematic. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and gasification technology have a potentially smaller environmental impact than pyrolysis process, but the energy consumption is higher. With regard to WEEE glass, lead removing is requisite before the reutilization of the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, and the recycling of liquid crystal display (LCD) glass is economically viable for the containing of precious metals (indium and tin). However, the environmental assessment of the recycling process is essential and important before the industrialized production stage. For example, noise and dust should be evaluated during the glass cutting process. This study could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods of NMFs from WEEE and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development.     

Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

Approximately 1.5 billion tyres are produced each year which will eventually enter the waste stream representing a major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat tyres to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The most common reactors used are fixed-bed (batch), screw kiln, rotary kiln, vacuum and fluidised-bed. The key influence on the product yield, and gas and oil composition, is the type of reactor used which in turn determines the temperature and heating rate. Tyre pyrolysis oil is chemically very complex containing aliphatic, aromatic, hetero-atom and polar fractions. The fuel characteristics of the tyre oil shows that it is similar to a gas oil or light fuel oil and has been successfully combusted in test furnaces and engines. The main gases produced from the pyrolysis of waste tyres are H₂, C₁–C₄ hydrocarbons, CO₂, CO and H₂S. Upgrading tyre pyrolysis products to high value products has concentrated on char upgrading to higher quality carbon black and to activated carbon. The use of catalysts to upgrade the oil to a aromatic-rich chemical feedstock or the production of hydrogen from waste tyres has also been reported. Examples of commercial and semi-commercial scale tyre pyrolysis systems show that small scale batch reactors and continuous rotary kiln reactors have been developed to commercial scale.