石化企业VOCs无组织排放源强的反演模拟

针对石化行业面源无组织排放VOCs难以准确定量的问题,建立了基于开路式傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(OP-FTIR)的面源污染源源强反演模型,并进行了现场模拟试验。试验结果表明,风向、风速、大气稳定度、监测距离、数据处理周期等都是影响反演模型准确性的重要灵敏度参数。以反演源强Q_P与实际排放量Q的比值(Q_P/Q)为量化指标,对各影响因素进行优化处理,确定了构建反演模型适用的边界条件。当各灵敏度参数稳定于适用边界条件之内时,Q_P/Q为0.85~0.90。     

火力发电厂输煤系统的粉尘治理

通过对输煤系统粉尘的产生源、粉尘对现场环境的影响及其传播途径进行分析,探讨了输煤系统粉尘治理的方法要点,并从输煤系统的除尘器布置、除尘器的处理方式、回收粉尘的处理方法等方面提出了改进建议.     

从废干电池回收锌生产纳米氧化锌粉

说明了废旧电池的危害,提出了对废旧干电池中锰粉、碳棒、铜帽、锌皮等可再利用资源的回收利用方法.着重介绍了从锌皮制取纳米级氧化锌的优惠工艺条件,对所制得的氧化锌产物进行的X射线衍射分析和TEM分析,表明所得的产品为高纯纳米氧化锌粉.进而指出了纳米氧化锌粉在橡胶工业、陶瓷材料以及高科技磁性材料产品中的用途.     

基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统的构建

危险化学品泄漏事故严重威胁到社会和环境安全。危化品泄漏事故发生后,快速找到泄漏源并及时采取应对措施是面临的主要任务。构建了基于一般风场的危化品泄漏事故情景库,利用Coyote实验验证了情景库在危化品泄漏事故中反演溯源的效果,据此建立了基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统,并应用于氯气泄漏事故的应急救援中。该方法具有使用方便、决策速度快、救援效率高等特点,对危化品泄漏事故的应急决策具有重要的现实意义。     

结合技术改造 消除尘毒危害

通过尘源普查、改革工艺、更新设备、调整产品结构、加强管理、落实资金渠道等措施，对消除尘毒的危害取得了较好的效果。     

含铬废水的回收利用技术

含铬工业废水对环境的危害严重,同时又具有较高的回收利用价值.从铬回收利用的角度出发,分析了微电解工艺、电化学组合工艺、清洁生产工艺等几种可行的含铬废水回收处理技术方案,以实现有害废物的无害化和资源化.     

城市环境噪声影响评价探讨

从噪声影响评价量的简单性、非稳态噪声的评价、城市低频噪声影响、体源和面源噪声预测等方面,提出了目前噪声影响评价方面存在的一些值得研究的问题,以供声环境管理部门和相关学者共同探讨.     

苏州市家庭源危险废物管理现状与对策

介绍了家庭源危险废物的定义、危害以及苏州市家庭源危险废物的管理现状,分析了管理中存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议。     

粉煤灰的综合利用研究

粉煤灰是燃煤电厂从烧煤粉锅炉烟气中收集的微细粉粒.由于它是一种具有火山灰活性的粒状材料,可以开发与利用.在对粉煤灰特征及其危害分析的基础上,提出了综合利用粉煤灰的战略思路,介绍了粉煤灰在混凝土建材制品中、在吸附烟气中低浓度SO2和废水处理等方面的综合利用情况.     

基于遥感数据反演的南漪湖水质时空变化监测

针对镇域水资源水质检测,在传统监测方法无法满足检测要求时,具有跨时空、大尺度、经济便捷等特点的遥感技术则可以很好地满足需要。以安徽省宣城市的南漪湖为例,以Landsat卫星影像为数据源,精确提取南漪湖水体,根据同期实测水质参数建立反演模型,对湖区内叶绿素a(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)浓度进行定量反演,根据Chl-a反演结果对南漪湖的营养状况进行评价。结果显示,南漪湖目前保持在轻度富营养状态,TP,TN含量超过三类水质标准,水质仍有恶化的趋势,水环境治理工作刻不容缓。     

我国现代煤化工项目废水处理的误区和建议

介绍了我国现代煤化工项目的废水来源及特性,归纳了废水的处理技术路线,从废水"零排放"、废水处理技术与管理、蒸发塘的污染转移、废水处理与固体废物处理及废气处理的关系、污染物源头控制等方面阐述了我国当前煤化工废水处理存在的误区和建议。     

Quantifying Diffuse Pollution Sources and Loads for Environmental Quality Standards in Urban Catchments

The paper explores the application of a unit area loading (UAL) approach to address the requirements of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) and the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the identification and quantification of diffuse urban pollution sources. The UAL approach defines the spatial distribution of pollutant loadings within an urban catchment as a basis for the assessment of in-stream hazards and the implementation of source control BMP measures. Calculated annual outflow concentrations for a specific catchment for two pollutants, zinc and hydrocarbons, illustrate the different levels of dilution/control, which can be required to achieve receiving water quality standards and objectives. Methodological issues relating to traditional volume-concentration probabilistic modelling on which the UAL approach is based are discussed, and the application of the UAL approach to non-point diffuse pollution load management is reviewed.     

宁东能源化工基地核心区表层土壤酚类污染物的污染评价、空间分布及来源解析

采集了宁东能源化工基地核心区的146个表层土壤样品,检测了6种优控酚类污染物.运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和致癌风险指数评价了酚类污染物的污染程度及健康风险.借助主成分分析和绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归受体模型,结合地统计学方法,对酚类污染物的空间分布及来源进行了分析.结果显示:2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三...     

#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置大气污染源分析及治理

石化企业的酸性水汽提装置、酸性干气脱硫装置和硫磺回收装置统称为#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置。对#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置所采用的工艺流程进行详细分析,得出#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置的有组织排放大气污染物主要为SO₂和NO_x,无组织排放大气污染物主要为H₂S、NH₃、有机硫化物和烃类。无组织排放源集中在各单元反应器、储罐和酸性气管线。针对无组织排放源,从防止逸散和恶臭治理两个方面提出了相应的污染防治措施,并比较了溶剂吸收法、燃烧法、湿法化学吸收法等目前常用的恶臭治理技术的优缺点。     

Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment

This review paper summarizes the existing knowledge on the chemical hazards associated with recycling and other end-of-life treatment options of waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste). The hazards arise from the presence of heavy metals (e.g., mercury, cadmium, lead, etc.), flame retardants (e.g., pentabromophenol, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), etc.) and other potentially harmful substances in e-waste. If improperly managed, the substances may pose significant human and environmental health risks. The review describes the potentially hazardous content of e-waste, examines the existing e-waste management practices and presents scientific data on human exposure to chemicals, workplace and environmental pollution associated with the three major e-waste management options, i.e., recycling, incineration and landfilling. The existing e-waste management practices and associated hazards are reviewed separately for developed and developing countries. Finally, based on this review, the paper identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and makes some recommendations for future research.     

Environmental behaviour of a construction made of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control residues from municipal solid waste incineration Part 2. Simulation tests and validation of the source term modelling

The reuse of waste materials requires the development of assessment methods for the long-term release of pollutants (source term) from wastes (or materials containing wastes) in contact with water. These methods depend on the scenario conditions: characteristics of the materials (especially physical structure and composition), contact with water… The scenario studied here is a water storage reservoir for fire extinguishing. The reservoir construction is made of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control (APC) residues from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The modelling of the source term is performed in five steps ranging from the physico-chemical characterisation of the material to the validation of the proposed model by means of field simulation devices. This paper follows a first publication on source term modelling using laboratory tests which therefore concerns the comparison of the results obtained with the previously established model. The first laboratory scale simulation test aims at taking into account the role of the leachate carbonation in the leaching behaviour of the studied material. The results obtained show that air carbonation of the leachate does not fundamentally change mass transfer mechanisms of easily soluble species (especially for alkaline metals). For these species, the use of the apparent diffusional model (model proposed in the previous paper) is, therefore, at first, a satisfactory solution for the prediction of long term leaching behaviour. The field scale test enables us to validate and calibrate the release model determined on a laboratory scale basis.     

建设项目卫生防护距离的确定方法

建设项目环境影响评价过程中的选址问题至关重要,卫生防护距离的可达性是必不可少的因素.以合成氨厂为例,探讨环境影响评价中卫生防护距离的确定方法,对无组织排放源、源强及参数的确定进行了说明.