混凝耦合UV/PS工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

城市生活垃圾处理过程中所产生的垃圾渗滤液,难降解有机物、氨氮含量高,采用生物法和膜法进行垃圾渗滤液深度处理均有一定的局限性,因此关于高级氧化工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究越来越多。将UV/PS体系应用于处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的研究中,课题组前期研究已表明单独UV/PS体系处理垃圾渗滤液的处理效率有待提高,因此先考察了单独混凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的最佳反应条件以及处理效果,然后将混凝工艺与UV/PS体系相耦合,研究了耦合工艺处理渗滤液生化出水的静态实验、动态运行的处理效果,实验发现耦合工艺能提高处理效果、缩短反应时间,且采用间歇运行效果最好。     

微波/活性炭强化过硫酸盐氧化处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用微波(MW)-活性炭(AC)强化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化处理垃圾渗滤液,研究不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理的影响,比较不同组合工艺对渗滤液处理的效果及活性炭的多次使用情况.结果表明,COD和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率随着AC用量、PS用量(S2O82-:12COD0)、MW功率和辐射时间的增加而增大,pH值对COD的去除影响不明显,NH4+-N在碱性条件下得到更理想的去除效果;在活性炭用量为10g/L,PS用量为S2O82-:12COD0=1.2,pH=9,MW功率和辐射时间分别为500W和10min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD和NH4+-N去除率分别为78.2%和67.2%,BOD5/COD由0.17增至0.38;不同工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理效果显示,MW-AC-PS工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理,且MW、AC和PS之间存在协同效应,MW热效应显著;活性炭四次实验后,COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为61.2%和46.1%.     

微波/活性炭强化过硫酸盐氧化处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用微波(MW)-活性炭(AC)强化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化处理垃圾渗滤液,研究不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理的影响,比较不同组合工艺对渗滤液处理的效果及活性炭的多次使用情况.结果表明,COD和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率随着AC用量、PS用量(S2O82-:12COD0)、MW功率和辐射时间的增加而增大,pH值对COD的去除影响不明显, NH4+-N在碱性条件下得到更理想的去除效果;在活性炭用量为10g/L,PS用量为S2O82-:12COD0=1.2,pH=9,MW功率和辐射时间分别为500W和10min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD和NH4+-N去除率分别为78.2%和67.2%,BOD5/COD由0.17增至0.38;不同工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理效果显示,MW-AC-PS工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理,且MW、AC和PS之间存在协同效应,MW热效应显著;活性炭四次实验后,COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为61.2%和46.1%.     

生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理

本文以实际生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液为对象,进行了工艺设计、构筑物设计以及实际调试。本项目采用如下工艺路线:进水→预处理→UASB→两级A/O→超滤UF→反渗透RO→排放。各构筑物对污染物起到了相应的作用,预处理阶段有效的去除了SS,生化阶段有效的降解了COD和BOD,而膜深度处理进一步去除了各个污染物。本次工程所收集的系统和和污水排放遵守相关的标准和法规。     

紫外活化过硫酸盐降解磷酸氯喹

以抗新型冠状肺炎药物——磷酸氯喹（CQP）为研究对象,考察其在紫外活化过硫酸盐体系（UV/PS）中的降解效果.通过竞争动力学实验,确定了CQP与羟基自由基（HO·）和硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）的二级反应速率常数,同时考察了PS浓度、pH和常见无机阴离子对UV/PS体系中CQP降解的影响,并通过建立动力学模型预测CQP浓度和主要自由基浓度以探究其影响机制.结果表明,UV/PS体系对CQP的降解效果显著优于单一UV、单一太阳光或单一PS体系,在10 min内可降解91.3%的CQP;在pH为6.9的条件下,CQP与HO·和SO₄^-·的二级反应速率常数分别为8.9×10⁹ L·（mol·s）^-1和1.4×10¹⁰ L·（mol·s）^-1,其中SO₄^-·是主要活性物种;CQP的降解速率随PS浓度增加而增大,HCO₃^-和Cl^-的加入对UV/PS体系中CQP的去除起到抑制作用,碱性较强的条件不利于CQP的转化.经LC-MS分析,发现CQP在UV/PS体系中主要经过N-脱乙基化、C—N键断裂和抽氢等反应被逐步降解为其他有机中间产物.加大PS浓度和pH可提高其矿化率.此研究可为抗新冠肺炎医药废水的处理提供帮助.     

活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

垃圾填埋场和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理工艺研究

随着市场经济的不断发展,人民的生活水平也在不断提高。近年来,城市规模的不断扩大以及人口的与日俱增,使得城市垃圾的数量也在逐年增加,这也是城市环境受到污染的主要原因之一。就目前来看,城市垃圾的数量之大,种类之多,给城市环境治理带来了一定的难度,尤其是渗滤液的处理的工作更是一直困扰生活垃圾填埋场和垃圾焚烧厂的一个重大问题。本文就是从渗滤液出现的原因及其工艺的研究等方面着手进行分析,以此希望可以为生活垃圾污染的处理带来一定的借鉴和参考。     

垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理技术研究进展

文章介绍生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液水质特性和排放标准,并对目前国内部分渗滤液处理技术及组合工艺进行了综述,建议应根据渗滤液特性及出水标准,通过研究和应用多种处理技术的合理组合,简化工艺流程,降低运行成本。     

外场效应强化过硫酸盐氧化技术去除有机污染物的研究进展

环境中难降解有机物对生态环境及人体健康构成了巨大的威胁.近年来,外场效应活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术在环境治理中得到了广泛研究.为进一步明确外场效应强化过硫酸盐活化技术的微观机制和污染物去除效能并拓宽其应用范围,综述了包括热场、US（ultrasonic,超声）场、电场、光场、磁场及压电场6类常见外场辅助过硫酸盐活化去除有机污染物的研究进展.结果表明:（1）热场、US场、电场及光场强化过硫酸盐活化技术去除污染物的效能、活化机理和实际应用价值已被进行详细的研究.（2）在上述场效应中,磁场仅应用于提高Fe⁰及相关复合物活化过硫酸盐的效果;而压电效应活化过硫酸盐技术作为新兴的技术手段,其相关的研究报告非常少.（3）目前的研究仍存在一些不足,如外场效应强化过硫酸盐活化技术的能源利用率、经济成本和实际应用潜能,以及降解过程中副产物的生态毒性等问题仍未进行深入的研究;压电强化过硫酸盐活化技术中压电材料和压电源的选择以及活化机理等内容依然存在空白;需解决多场耦合活化过硫酸盐技术存在的兼容性问题,其应用潜力也需进行评估.研究显示,外场效应强化过硫酸盐氧化技术具有高效的有机物去除能力,...     

外场效应强化过硫酸盐氧化技术去除有机污染物的研究进展

环境中难降解有机物对生态环境及人体健康构成了巨大的威胁.近年来,外场效应活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术在环境治理中得到了广泛研究.为进一步明确外场效应强化过硫酸盐活化技术的微观机制和污染物去除效能并拓宽其应用范围,综述了包括热场、US（ultrasonic,超声）场、电场、光场、磁场及压电场6类常见外场辅助过硫酸盐活化去除有机污染物的研究进展.结果表明:（1）热场、US场、电场及光场强化过硫酸盐活化技术去除污染物的效能、活化机理和实际应用价值已被进行详细的研究.（2）在上述场效应中,磁场仅应用于提高Fe⁰及相关复合物活化过硫酸盐的效果;而压电效应活化过硫酸盐技术作为新兴的技术手段,其相关的研究报告非常少.（3）目前的研究仍存在一些不足,如外场效应强化过硫酸盐活化技术的能源利用率、经济成本和实际应用潜能,以及降解过程中副产物的生态毒性等问题仍未进行深入的研究;压电强化过硫酸盐活化技术中压电材料和压电源的选择以及活化机理等内容依然存在空白;需解决多场耦合活化过硫酸盐技术存在的兼容性问题,其应用潜力也需进行评估.研究显示,外场效应强化过硫酸盐氧化技术具有高效的有机物去除能力,...     

Landfill leachate treatment in assisted landfill bioreactor

Landfill is the major disposal route of municipal solid waste（MSW） in most Asian countries. Leachate from landfill presents a strong wastewater that needs intensive treatment before discharge. Direct recycling was proposed as an effective alternative for leachate treatment by taking the landfill as a bioreactor. This process was proved not only considerably reducing the pollution potential of leachate, but also enhancing organic degradation in the landfill. However, as this paper shows, although direct leachate recycling was effective in landfilled MSW with low food waste fraction （3.5%, w/w）, it failed in MSW containing 54% food waste, as normally noted in Asian countries. The initial acid stuck would inhibit methanogenesis to build up, hence strong leachate was yielded from landfill to threaten the quality of receiving water body. We demonstrated the feasibility to use an assisted bioreactor landfill, with a well-decomposed refuse layer as ex-situ anaerobic digester to reducing COD loading in leachate. By doing so, the refuse in simulated landfill column （2.3 m high） could be stabilized in 30 weeks while the COD in leachate reduced by 95%（61000 mg/L to 3000 mg/L）. Meanwhile, the biogas production was considerably enhanced, signaling by the much greater amount and much higher methane content in the biogas.     

微波催化氧化法预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用微波-活性炭-Fenton催化氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液,研究了不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响.结果表明,COD和氨氮去除率随活性炭用量、微波辐射时间和微波功率增加而增加;随Fe2+用量和H2O2用量增加,COD和氨氮去除率先增加而后下降;随pH值增加,氨氮去除率显著增加,COD去除率变化不明显.在微波功率为300W,pH值为8,活性炭9g/L,Fe2+用量为0.02mol/L,H2O2用量为7mL/L,辐射时间6min条件下,垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率分别达到68.22%和78.08%,SS去除率达到78.55%,浑浊度去除率达到99.02%,颜色由黑褐色去除为接近无色,BOD5/COD由0.21提高到0.45;研究比较了不同处理对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果.结果显示,微波催化氧化对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理.     

Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology

Organic micropollutants,with high toxicity and environmental concern,are present in the landfill leachate at much lower levels than total organic constituents (chemical oxygen demand (COD),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),or total organic carbon (TOC)),and few has been known for their behaviors in different treatment processes.In this study,occurrence and removal of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),and technical 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in landfill leachate in a comb...     

铁离子循环电解法处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液

使用箱式电化学反应器,采用铁离子循环电解工艺处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液,确定了硫酸铁的剂量,考察了该工艺去除污染物的效率与主要因子对污染物去除的影响.实验结果表明,铁离子循环电解工艺对垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液具有良好的处理效果,在电压3.80V、pH值为3.0、电解时间40min条件下,电解后的渗滤液满足二级排放标准的要求;硫酸铁的合理浓度为1000mg·L-1;电解电压不宜超过4.0V,电解时间不宜超过40min;渗滤液中氯离子的浓度对COD和NH 4-N的去除有显著影响,浓度越高COD和NH 4-N去除效果越好,且其对NH 4-N去除的影响大于对COD去除的影响.     

活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的吸附及影响因素研究

垃圾渗滤液经预处理后与城市污水混合进行生物处理是较为有效的方法,但垃圾渗滤液中含大量难降解有机物,严重影响了城镇污水处理厂出水COD.因此,需强化垃圾渗滤液预处理过程,使其适用于生物处理.本研究采用活性焦吸附某垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液,发现活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中COD、色度、恶臭、TOC、TN等均具有良好的处理效果.通过对吸附性能的影响因素研究发现,活性焦种类、投加量、p H和吸附时间均会影响吸附效果,最佳活性焦投加量为20 g·L~(-1),酸性条件更有利于吸附,渗滤液中COD的去除主要发生在吸附过程的前1 h.活性焦吸附可提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,主要吸附垃圾渗滤液中难降解芳香族大分子有机物,其中,对溶解性有机物中疏水性有机酸组分的吸附效果最佳,使其出水适用于生物处理,从而保证污水处理厂COD可以稳定达标排放.     

Advanced landfill leachate treatment using a two-stage UASB-SBR system at low temperature

A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature.In order to improve the total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency and to reduce the COD requirement for denitrification,the raw leachate with recycled SBR nitrification supernatant was pumped into the first-stage UASB(UASB1) to achieve simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis.The results showed that UASB1 played an important role in COD removal and UASB2 and SBR further enhanced the nutrient removal efficiency.When the organic loading rates of UASB1,UASB2 and SBR were 11.95,1.63 and 1.29 kg COD/(m3·day),respectively,the total COD removal efficiency of the whole system reached 96.7%.The SBR acted as the real undertaker for NH4+-N removal due to aerobic nitrification.The system obtained about 99.7% of NH4+-N removal efficiency at relatively low temperature(14.9-10.9°C).More than 98.3% TN was removed through complete denitrification in UASB1 and SBR.In addition,temperature had a significant effiect on the rates of nitrification and denitrification rather than the removal of TN and NH4+-N once the complete nitrification and denitrification were achieved.     

Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfill

To study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220–280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%–28 vol.%, 2 vol.%–8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%–13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.     

膜生物反应器在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用研究

介绍膜生物反应器的基本原理、优点、类型和影响因素,总结膜生物反应器在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用现状及进展。工程应用实践表明,膜生物反应器固液分离效果好、污泥负荷高、可截留大分子难降解有机物、剩余污泥产量低、占地面积小、易于实现自动化,在垃圾渗滤液处理领域具有很好的应用前景。根据工程实际经验,针对膜生物反应器在渗滤液处理工程中的应用,提出工程设计和运行控制方面的建议。     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...