废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺，介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

离子液体萃取法回收废水中的醋酸丁酯

利用离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐萃取模拟废水中的醋酸丁酯。萃取液经减压蒸馏回收醋酸丁酯,离子液体也得到再生。实验结果表明:萃取率随废水与离子液体体积之比(相比)的增加而减小,随萃取时间的延长而增大,随萃取温度的升高而增大;在相比为6∶1、萃取时间为40min、萃取温度为50℃的条件下,萃取率达98.98%,醋酸丁酯纯度达99.8%;回收后离子液体可重复使用且萃取率基本不变。     

从水溶液中分离回收醋酸方法的评述

评述了从水溶液中分离回收醋酸的普通精馏法、共沸精馏法、酯化法和溶剂萃取法，具体分析了各种方法 特点及适用范围。建议在工业上对较高浓度的醋酸用低沸点溶剂萃取－共沸精馏联合法，对低浓度醋酸溶液采用有机胺溶剂萃取法进行分离。     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。     

从制药厂废醪中回收蛋白质

采用凝聚沉降法从制药厂废醪中回收蛋白质。介绍了该法的原理、凝聚剂筛选和工艺条件试验情况。确定了最适宜的工艺条件：废醪等电点的ｐＨ为３．５,它与凝聚剂０．５ｍｉｌ／Ｌ硫酸铁铵溶液的适宜体积比约为（８０～１３０）：１。讨论了温度和时间对凝聚效果的影响。在适宜工艺条件下粗蛋白的回收率可达到９６％以上。     

从废感光胶片中回收银

研究了以Fe3 -乙二胺四乙酸二钠-N a2S2O3体系为浸取剂从废感光胶片中回收银的方法,考察了浸出银的最佳工艺条件。实验表明,当浸取剂中FeC l3.6H2O质量浓度为35g/L、N a2S2O3.5H2O质量浓度为150g/L、pH为7、固液质量比为3∶10时,浸取剂可重复使用6次,胶片上银的浸出率可达99%以上;浸取液中的银采用硼氢化钠还原回收,粗银粉配以熔剂高温熔炼可得到纯度达99.78%的银,银回收率达96.88%,回收银后的浸取液可循环使用。     

从废催化剂中回收钼的新工艺

确定了用新型复合浸取剂从废催化剂中回收钼的最佳工艺条件废催化剂颗粒度１００目焙烧温度７５０℃,焙烧时间１ｈ复合浸取剂中助浸剂质量为５％,浸取固液质量比１：３,浸取温度６０℃,浸取时间６ｈ,在该条件下,钼的浸取率达到９２．７％～９５．５％。     

工业废催化剂的回收利用与环境保护

大量工业废催化剂的丢弃,不仅是一种资源的浪费,而且对环境也会造成一定程度的污染,针对工业废催化剂的回收利用进行了探讨,着重介绍了几种工业废催化剂的综合回收技术.     

氯氧化锆生产中废碱液的回收利用

建立了以 CaO 为沉淀剂去除废碱液中 SiO2回收 NaOH 的工艺,研究了各工艺因素对siO2去除效果的影响,实验结果表明,CaO 沉淀除去废碱液中 SiO2的最佳工艺条件为:CaO 与废碱液中 SiO2摩尔比 3.0,反应温度80～95℃,反应时间 40～60 min,搅拌转速 200 r/min.在此条件下,S...     

溶剂抽提法回收白土渣中的润滑油

研究开发了一种回收白土渣中润滑油的新技术－溶剂抽提技术，试验结果表明：选择的抽提溶剂为60－90℃石脑油馏分，溶剂与白土渣投量比为1：1，抽提级数为二级，温度为室温，搅拌时间为15min，回流液中润滑油的质量分数为5％时，润滑油回收率为92％左右，并且可形成稳定的循环操作模式，该项研究为白土渣的处理提供了一个可行的，处理效果好的新方法、经济、社会、环境效益显著。     

从稠油罐底泥中回收矿物油

为了回收稠油罐底泥（简称油泥）中的矿物油并提高油泥焚烧系统的处理能力,分析了辽河油泥的特点,对比传统油泥处理方法的优劣,提出了溶剂萃取-离心分离-稠油热废水洗涤-离心分离技术回收矿物油的工艺路线。实验结果表明：该工艺可回收92．07％的矿物油和56．85％的热能;残渣中矿物油的质量分数小于等于2．00％,热值大于等于5000kJ／kg,不需添加辅助燃料即可焚烧处理。     

硫酸生产中废钒催化剂回收工艺研究

采用H2SO4浸取、NH4HSO3还原、NH4NO3氧化、KOH精制的方法回收废钒催化剂中的V2O5。实验结果表明,还原反应的最佳条件为：n（NH4HSO3）／n（V2O5）=1．10,还原反应温度90℃,还原反应时间2．0h。氧化反应的最佳条件为：n（KOH）／n（VO^＋）=1．10,氧化反应温度60℃,液固比8,氧化反应时间60min。该方法V2O5回收率达90．3％以上,V2O5纯度达82％以上。     

萃取法回收钛白水解废酸中的硫酸

提出了以三异辛胺作萃取剂、H2O作反萃取剂从钛白水解废酸中萃取回收硫酸的新工艺。考察了萃取剂浓度、相调节剂浓度、相比及温度对萃取和反萃取的影响，并进行了模拟试验。在以40％三异辛胺、25％仲辛醇和35％航空煤油(均为质量分数)为萃取有机相，相比为2，以H2O为反萃剂，相比为1．5的条件下，质量浓度为146．02g/L的废酸经8级萃取和6级反萃取，硫酸回收率达到91．81％，产品酸质量浓度达119．73g/L。     

超声波辅助破乳法回收石化罐底油泥中的原油

采用超声波辅助破乳法对安庆石化罐底油泥进行脱水处理,进而回收原油。考察了超声功率、水浴温度、超声时间、破乳剂加入量对油泥脱水率和原油回收率的影响。采用显微镜对处理前后的油泥内部结构进行表征。实验结果表明:在超声频率28 k Hz、超声功率70 W、水浴温度70℃、超声时间15 min、破乳剂加入量50μg/g的最佳超声波辅助破乳条件下,油泥脱水率和原油回收率分别为92.3%和98.5%,比没有超声波辅助的传统破乳法分别提高了25.7百分点和12.3百分点。表征结果显示,经超声波辅助破乳处理后,水滴的粒径和数量均明显减少,说明超声波辐射可有效地改善油泥的破乳效果。     

柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气

研究了采用柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气的效果。实验结果表明：按装车挥发油气中的总烃体积分数为20.88%、装车挥发油气流量为280 m³/h、年运行时间为2 668 h计,装置年回收油气量为291 t,装置年最大运行功率为206.770 MW,装置投资回收期为3 a;处理后净化气中的总烃体积分数为1.24%,排放质量浓度低于25 g/m³,油气回收率达95%。处理后净化气满足GB 20950—2007《储油库大气污染物排放标准》,取得了较好的环保效益和经济效益。     

Summary of Development and Field Testing of the Transrec Oil Recovery System

This paper summarizes the development, field testing and performance evaluation of the Transrec oil recovery system including the Framo NOFO Transrec 350 skimmer and multi-functional oil spill prevention and response equipment and presents performance data, not published before, from full-scale experimental oil spills in the North Sea from 1981 to 1990. The rare data provides useful information for evaluation of mechanical clean-up capabilities and efficiency, in particular, for responders who are using this equipment in many countries around the world.The development of the Transrec oil recovery system represents one of the most comprehensive efforts funded to date by the oil industry in Norway to improve marine and open ocean oil spill response capabilities. The need for improvements was based upon early practical user experience with different oil recovery systems, and test results from experimental oil spills in the North Sea.The result of the development efforts increased: (1) skimmer efficiency from approximately 15–75% (it reached 100% under favorable environmental conditions); (2) oil emulsion recovery rate from approximately 20–300 m³/h; (3) recovery system efficiency from approximately 15–85% in 1.5 m significant wave height; (4) oil emulsion thickness from approximately 15–35 cm; (5) weather-window for mechanical recovery operations from 1.5 to 3.0 m significant wave height; (6) capability for transfer of recovered oil residue to shuttle tankers in up to 4 m significant wave height and 45 knot winds; (7) capability for operations at night.The new Transrec oil recovery system with the special J-configuration virtually eliminated skimming operation downtime, and damage to booms and equipment failures that had been caused by oil spill response vessel (OSRV) problems with maintaining skimming position in the previous three-vessel oil recovery system with the boom towed in U-configuration. The time required to outfit OSRVs dropped from approximately 30–<1 h, reducing time from notification to operation on site by more than 24 h.Improvement in oil recovery resulted in the acceptance of a new oil spill preparedness and response plan. The new plan reduced the need for oil recovery systems from 21 to 14, towing vessels in preparedness from 42 to 18, and personnel on stand-by from 135 to 70, which subsequently reduced the total contingency and operational costs by almost 50%. These cost reductions resulted from lower contingency fees for personnel, fewer towing vessels on stand-by, less expensive open ocean training and exercises, less equipment and reduced storage space to lease, and simplified equipment maintenance.