煤层底板隐伏陷落柱突水预测及采前注浆加固评价

华北型煤矿开采受底板岩溶强含水层威胁，通过对淮南张集矿1613A工作面底板隐伏岩溶陷落柱突水危险性分析，采用FLAC3D方法模拟采动条件下岩溶陷落柱活化过程。模拟结果显示:陷落柱上方的煤层底板岩体发生塑性变形，导致陷落柱附近岩体失稳，陷落柱筒壁产生局部剪切破坏，剪切破坏位置易导致奥灰强含水层发生陷落柱突水。采前采用注浆方法改造岩溶陷落柱，对改造后的陷落柱进行数值模拟分析，其内部注浆岩体对陷落柱筒壁具有良好的支撑作用，抑制了筒壁位置剪切破坏的发生，使有效隔水层厚度增大，降低了陷落柱突水的危险性。     

应用瞬变电磁法防治煤矿顶板砂岩水的实践

研究了华北型煤田顶板砂岩的赋水规律,总结出顶板砂岩水的综合防治方法。应用瞬变电磁法探测某煤矿顶板岩层发育的含(导)水构造,为安全生产工作提供了技术指导。     

GIS支持下矿区岩溶陷落柱的综合探测技术

岩溶陷落柱是影响矿山安全生产的重要地质灾害之一,在采掘笔者提出的工程设计之前,预先探测陷落柱的空间位置和形态,可避免经济损失并保证煤矿高效安全生产。为此,论述了一种在地面综合探测陷落柱的技术,即在地理信息系统（Ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃ Ｉｎｆｏｒｍ ａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ , 简称ＧＩＳ）支持下,对遥感图像、地质采矿资料和实地调查资料进行多因素复合分析,圈定陷落柱的可能分布区,进而实施物理勘探,确定陷落柱的具体分布参数。实践表明,这是一种行之有效的技术方法     

带压开采陷落柱突水影响因素数值模拟

为研究承压水压与煤层陷落柱位置这两种因素对陷落柱突水的影响,在分析固流耦合数学模型的基础上,利用数值模拟软件FLAC3D,以双柳矿地质条件为背景,分别对3 MPa和5 MPa承压水压下开采上、下两组煤4种情况进行模拟,分析陷落柱及其周边围岩的渗流-塑性破坏耦合场、应力场和位移场的变化.结果表明:随着工作面推进至接近陷落柱,工作面前方集中应力场与柱体周边应力场发生耦合,并出现应力集中,当水压为5 MPa开采上组煤时应力集中系数最大,最容易形成突水危险区域;当上组煤工作面距离陷落柱为30 m时,陷落柱渗流场与集中应力场开始连通,在开采下组煤时这一距离比上组煤扩大15 ～ 20 m;煤层底板随工作面推进发生压缩-膨胀周期变化,引起拉伸、剪切破坏.     

不同配比下破碎岩体变质量渗透试验研究

为了分析破碎岩体不同骨架-充填物配比条件下的变质量渗透特性,揭示煤矿陷落柱、断层等含破碎岩体地质构造的突水机理,利用自主研制的可考虑颗粒迁移作用的渗透试验系统开展了不同试样配比条件下的变质量渗透试验研究,得到了破碎岩样孔隙率、渗透率、质量流失率等参量随时间的变化规律。并在试验结果的基础上,结合陷落柱突水实例,分析了充填物颗粒迁移作用下的陷落柱突水演化规律。结果表明:1)颗粒迁移作用下破碎岩体的渗透性变化可分为3个阶段,即渗流缓变阶段、渗流突变阶段和渗流稳定阶段;2)试样充填物颗粒在水流冲蚀作用下不断迁移流失,孔隙率快速增大后趋于稳定,质量流失率先快速增加后逐渐减小;3)充填物含量对破碎岩体渗透性具有重要影响,随试样中充填物比例的增加,试样的最大质量流失率不断增加,孔隙率增幅也越大,初始渗透率和渗透率增幅均呈现先增大后减小的变化规律。     

宜万铁路野三关隧道施工期岩溶灾害危险性分析与安全对策研究

铁路施工过程中突水等岩溶灾害给施工带来了极大的危险性,野三关隧道岩溶突水灾害的防治与安全对策是施工企业面临的重大问题。笔者以现场调查为基础,提出岩溶突水灾害的类型,隧道施工岩溶灾害危险地段的划分原则和岩溶灾害危险性分级;结合地质条件分析和岩溶形成条件分析,研究了宜万铁路野三关隧道施工期岩溶灾害危险段的具体分布位置;探讨了施工中防治岩溶突水灾害的对策,为隧道安全施工提供了技术保证。     

程潮铁矿崩落法开采对上覆岩体变形的影响研究

针对程潮铁矿开展工程地质调查,采用离散元分析软件UDEC建立其二维地质剖面模型,在假设其上部水平矿房未开采的条件下,模拟了程潮铁矿无底柱分段崩落法开采-480 m、-500 m相邻分段的过程,研究单一分段及相邻分段开采导致的围岩“冒落带、导水裂隙带”的分布规律及范围,探索程潮铁矿单分段矿房开采时其上覆岩体形成的导水裂隙带高度范围y随采长x的变化函数,分析无底柱分段崩落法不同分段矿房开采对于上覆岩体变形及影响机理,为类似开采技术条件矿山安全生产提供参考。     

基于未确知测度理论的煤层底板突水危险性评价

运用未确知测度理论,建立煤矿奥灰岩岩溶水类底板突水评价模型。选取煤层底板的地质构造(断裂构造密度、褶皱、断层导水性、岩体的裂隙发育情况)、水文地质条件(水压、含水性、岩溶含水层发育情况、强水源补给情况)、底板隔水层条件(隔水层厚度、岩石力学强度以及隔水岩层的完整性)、开采条件(采厚和采深)4个一级指标、13项二级指标作为未确知测度模型的判别指标;根据指标值的类型采用定量或定性的方法对其进行分级和赋值,建立评判集,进而构建单指标测度函数。将13个突水评价指标值代入单指标测度函数计算得到单指标测度评价矩阵。利用信息熵理论获得各判别指标的权重,依照置信度识别准则进行等级判定,最后得出煤层底板突水危险性评价结果。利用该方法对肥城矿区14个地质块段的煤层底板突水危险性进行评价,结果表明,该评价结果与矿山实际情况相符。     

杨柳街矿区地下水水化学特征及矿井涌水来源分析

杨柳街矿区随意排放的酸性废水对当地生态环境带来严重破坏,为查明矿区地下水水化学特征及矿井出水的来源,系统采集了20个水样。综合运用Piper三线图、相关性分析、离子比值法和系统聚类对常规水化学组分进行了分析。结果表明:煤系地层含硫矿物的氧化作用是矿井酸性废水形成的主要原因;岩溶区碳酸盐岩的溶解作用是形成低总溶解性固体的HCO_3型地下水的主要水文地球化学过程;煤系砂岩水和岩溶水在石炭系含水层发生了混合作用,对茶园水库构成潜在威胁。矿井渗水的直接补给来源为煤系基岩含水层和上覆泥质灰岩含水层,间接来源为地表河水入渗,潜在来源为西部岩溶含水层沿断层补给。     

淋涌水型破碎顶板煤巷锚网索控制技术研究

为解决煤巷掘进过程中淋涌水破碎顶板等复杂困难条件下的煤巷围岩控制难题,结合团柏煤矿10号煤层巷道顶板淋涌水量大、直接顶层理裂隙发育充分,掘进过程中顶板极易破碎,且陷落柱构造较多,顶板完整性受到影响等情况,采用传统工字钢被动支护后,出现不同程度的破坏,断层、陷落柱等复杂构造区易发生垮冒事故。通过现场调研、煤岩取样及试验分析,得出导致煤巷围岩破坏的主要因素。阐述淋涌水破碎顶板条件下的防治控制措施,提出应用防水锚固剂锚固的高预应力锚网索联合控制技术,并利用FLAC数值模拟来优化设计参数。在10-110(1)运输巷进行现场试验,矿压数据分析结果表明支护效果良好。     

Research and application of comprehensive electromagnetic detection technique in spontaneous combustion area of coalfields

Perplexed by severe disasters, spontaneous combustion areas of coalfields in China not only lose a large number of precious coal resources but damage the ecological environment badly. The premise of effective control against the disasters is investigations on the source position and scope of spontaneous combustion areas at coalfields so as to provide scientific basis for fire extinguishment design and construction of coalfields. Working principles, construction methods and detection effects of high resolution earth resistivity method, transient electromagnetic method (small loop-center probe device) applied in the detection of combustion areas at coalfields have been introduced. The application shows that the above mentioned methods can detect the accurate position of underground combustion areas, are effective ones in detecting the combustion center, combusted area and distribution scope of combustion areas at coalfields, and have broad application prospects.     

纺织材料抗静电技术的回顾和展望

综述纺织材料抗静电技术的发展过程,纺织品用各种抗静电纤维和导电纤维的生产方法和性能特点,指出使用有机导电纤维是纺织材料抗静电技术发展的基本方向,金属化合物复合有机导电纤维适合于民用纺织品,碳黑涂敷或碳黑复合有机导电纤维适合于特殊功能纺织品。     

Modeling of pool spreading of LNG on land

This paper presents a source term model for estimating the rate of spreading of LNG and other cryogenic mixtures on unconfined land. The model takes into account the composition changes of a boiling mixture, the varying thermodynamic properties due to preferential boiling within the mixture and the effect of the various boiling regimes on conductive heat transfer. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the relative effect of each of these phenomena on pool spread. The model is applied to continuous and instantaneous spills. The model is compared to literature experimental data on cryogenic pool spreading.     

Prevention of thermal runaways in carbon beds

Carbon beds are increasingly used as a mode for suppression of volatile organic vapors from process streams for environmental control. Many incidents of spontaneous combustion of such beds have been reported. This is primarily due to operation under conditions where heat gains from oxidation of the adsorbed material on the high surface area carbon out pace any heat losses via conductive or convective mechanisms.

In this paper we will discuss calorimetric methods for quantitation of the oxidation heats as well as heat loss and balance calculations to aid in developing safe operating discipline for successful use of this valuable technology for pollution control.     

Ignition temperatures of dust layers and bulk storages in hot environments

In many industrial installations, particulate solids (cereals, agri-food products, coal, plants, etc.) are stored or processed. Self-heating of these products, which can lead to fires and explosions, can occur in a variety of situations. Examples include large storage at room temperature, formation of a layer on a hot surface, layer deposited on a surface – insulating or conductive – in a hot environment or even storage of product exposed to heating on one side.The main parameters that determine the occurrence of self-heating are the size of the container, the temperature, the residence time and the characteristics of the product. Depending on the type of situation encountered and these implementation conditions, the analysis of self-heating risks must be based on specific models and/or parameters.This paper presents the different variants and combinations of the theoretical model from the theory of thermal runaway to represent self-heating, taking into account in particular the symmetry or asymmetry of heating, reagent consumption and boundary conditions. It also discusses their adaptation to the previous identified industrial situations.Nine products were chosen to be representative of those used in the different considered industrial situations. They were subjected to self-heating basket tests in isothermal ovens in order to determine the parameters for applying the described theoretical models. These results were compared with the results of self-heating tests in layers of different thicknesses in a hot environment, on an insulating or conductive plate, using a specially developed test protocol, as well as with the results of standardized tests of minimum ignition temperature in 5 mm layers.This led to the proposal of the most appropriate theoretical model to represent the self-heating phenomenon for each of the four identified industrial situations.This analysis can promote better design of industrial equipment and production conditions (temperatures, volumes or product flows …) in order to prevent fires and explosions.     

Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms contamination during heat drying process of sewage sludge

The sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant is a potential source of infectious organism. The number and type of pathogens in sludge depends on various factors namely, the wastewater source, the type of treatment plant, and other environmental factors such as the biological medium offered by the sewage sludge. The principal sludge-borne diseases are presented followed by discussion on biological aspect of growth and occurrence. The overall objective of this work is to estimate kinetic reduction of pathogen population in sludge during different thermal-drying process including: the agitated conductive drying, drum drying, solar drying, and fry-drying. The temperature curves were reported from literature except frying data which were determined in experiment. In order to apply the temperature influence on pathogens population, kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation (D, z-values) were chosen from literature. Values of concentrations of each pathogen were also extracted from scientific review of pathogens in bio-solids. This study conducted to resolve the survival kinetic of Hepatitis A viruses. The result showed that a concentration of 7 × 10⁴ cfu/100 ml initially present in the sewage sludge is significantly reduced during the heat drying processes except the solar plant. The sewage sludge is completely disinfected when heated for 20 min, 10 min, and 10 s, respectively, during the agitated conductive process, vacuum fry-drying, and drum drying process.     

电厂循环冷却水处理方案试验

实验研究了阻垢剂HEDP、EDTMPS、PBTCA、DTPMPA、ATMP、PAPEMP在电厂循环水中的应用.通过实验筛选出具有良好处理功效的复合配方:ATMP6mg/L、DTPMPA 4 mg/L、PBTCA 3 mg/L,相应的阻垢率达到92.42%.该复合配方在阻垢性能方面存在协同效应,使得复配处理剂具有良好的阻垢效果.     

二氧化氯在中水回用作电厂循环水中的杀菌特点

分析了中水作为电厂循环冷却水的特点,对比了Cl2和ClO2对此类水体的杀菌特点,分析了ClO2在硝化菌类存在下的化学变化。在总结实际应用效果的基础上,肯定了ClO2在中水回用作电厂循环水中有独到的杀菌作用。     

基于概率影响图的R&D项目风险传导评估模型

为实现R&D项目风险的有效管理,需要对风险的传导特性进行量化评估。基于传导能量理论,利用概率影响图方法,从拓扑层、函数层和数值层构建了R&D项目风险传导评估模型。分析表明:该模型对项目风险传导量化研究具有较强的适用性;数据采集简便,模型的评估精度取决于信息的完全性;通过应用过程中的模型简化,在一定程度上能够提高模型的实用性。最后考虑项目管理者的决策因素,在评估模型基础上设计了R&D项目风险传导评估框架。