Formation potentials of typical DBPs and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 mg/L, the two mixed bromochloro species THMs and two dominant HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ozone dose, with the turning point approximately occurring at an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. The genotoxicity detected using umu test, on the other hand, was removed from 7 μg 4-NQO/L to a negligible level by ozonation under an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. Chlorination could further remove the genotoxicity to some extent. It was found that SUVA (UV absorbance divided by DOC concentration) might be used as an indicative parameter for monitoring the removal of genotoxicity during the oxidation.     

Formation potentials of typical disinfection byproducts and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 ...     

Formation potentials of typical disinfection byproducts and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary e uent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 mg/L, the two mixed bromochloro species THMs and two dominant HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ozone dose, with the turning point approximately occurring at an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. The genotoxicity detected using umu test, on the other hand, was removed from 7 μg 4-NQO/L to a negligible level by ozonation under an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. Chlorination could further remove the genotoxicity to some extent. It was found that SUVA (UV absorbance divided by DOC concentration) might be used as an indicative parameter for monitoring the removal of genotoxicity during the oxidation.     

气候变化和人类活动对黄河三角洲植被动态变化的影响

黄河三角洲是我国暖温带最完整、面积最大的湿地生态系统,其植被变化对于黄河三角洲生态功能和生态安全具有重要意义.本研究基于植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)3个生态参数,分析了2000-2017年黄河三角洲地区植被的动态变化,并以NPP为指标量化分析了气候变化和人类活动对植被生产力的贡献.研究发现,2000-2017年黄河三角洲FVC(Slope=0.004,p<0.05)、LAI(Slope=0.011,p<0.05)、NPP(Slope=3.54 g·m-2·a-1,p<0.01)呈显著增加趋势,说明2000-2017年黄河三角洲植被生长状况趋好、植被生产力提高.气温、降水和太阳总辐射对植被NPP变化的贡献分别为0.006、0.81、-0.03g·m-2·a-1,即降水对植被NPP变化的贡献最大,这主要是因为黄河三角洲的主要土地利用类型为耕地,受降水影响大,当地土壤具有盐碱化风险,降水可以补充淡水资...     

Neuronal coding of azimuthai sound direction in the auditory midbrain of the pigeon

Supported by a grant from the Graduiertenf örderungsgesetz NordrheinWestfalen     

Evolution and function of auditory systems in insects

While the sensing of substrate vibrations is common among arthropods, the reception of sound pressure waves is an adaptation restricted to insects, which has arisen independently several times in different orders. Wherever studied, tympanal organs were shown to derive from chordotonal precursors, which were modified such that mechanosensitive scolopidia became attached to thin cuticular membranes backed by air-filled tracheal cavities (except in lacewings). The behavioural context in which hearing has evolved has strongly determined the design and properties of the auditory system. Hearing organs which have evolved in the context of predator avoidance are highly sensitive, preferentially in a broad range of ultrasound frequencies, which release rapid escape manoeuvres. Hearing in the context of communication does not only require recognition and discrimination of highly specific song patterns but also their localisation. Typically, the spectrum of the conspecific signals matches the best sensitivity of the receiver. Directionality is achieved by means of sophisticated peripheral structures and is further enhanced by neuronal processing. Side-specific gain control typically allows the insect to encode the loudest signal on each side. The filtered information is transmitted to the brain, where the final steps of pattern recognition and localisation occur. The outputs of such filter networks, modulated or gated by further processes (subsumed by the term motivation), trigger command neurones for specific behaviours. Altogether, the many improvements opportunistically evolved at any stage of acoustic information-processing ultimately allow insects to come up with astonishing acoustic performances similar to those achieved by vertebrates.     

人类活动对40年间黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化的影响

为了解人类活动对黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化的影响以及判别主导的人为因素,本文采用Landsat系列1976、1986、1996、2006、2016年卫星数据,利用景观转移矩阵、人类活动强度模型等方法对40 a人类活动影响下黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化进行定量监测并对研究区内人类活动影响大小进行分区评估,研究结果如下:（1）受人类干扰影响较大的三种主要转换:自然湿地向人工和非湿地转移量最多、非湿地向人工湿地转移其次、人工湿地向非湿地转移最小。（2）40 a人类活动影响比率由前10 a的16.77%到后10 a达到了52.93%。1976~2006年农田开垦是影响景观类型变化的主要因素,2006~2016年间由各种人类活动影响导致的自然湿地面积变化转移分布较为均衡,向库塘转移比例较大占34%。1976~2016年整体上以农田开垦为主。（3）人类活动强度模型适用于黄河三角洲湿地人类活动强度的评估计算,从结果可以看出1976~2016年,重度干扰主要集中于沿海区域,未干扰和干扰减弱区主要集中于自然保护区内,与实际野外调查结果较为贴合。该研究结果可为有关部门对黄河三角洲湿地保护和管理、修复提供有利参考。     

中国典型社会源危险废物的资源潜力分析

对中国典型社会源危险废物的潜在资源量进行了预测与估算.在界定社会源危险废物概念和构建其物质代谢模型的基础上,根据GM（1,1）灰色预测模型及Weibull寿命分布模型,利用2006~2015年中国典型社会源危险废物原产品消费的时间序列样本数据,模拟了其消费量和报废量的动态变化趋势,进一步建立了潜在资源量预测模型并分析了潜在资源的再利用价值.据预测,2025年中国将产生废旧铅酸电池4.16亿kW·h、节能灯6.34亿支和线路板1.09亿m²,可回收的资源总量达1200万t以上,包括贵金属0.15万t、具有环境危害性的重金属368万t和其它可回收资源879万t.