MgO-ZrO_2固体碱催化废弃动物油制备生物柴油

采用稀释共沉淀法制备了Mg O-Zr O2固体碱催化剂,通过催化预处理低酸值油的酯交换反应来制备生物柴油。采用BET、SEM、XRD等方法对催化剂进行表征。主要研究了固体碱制备中Mg O-Zr O2物料比和煅烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,通过对比发现:制备的催化剂孔径均在2~10 nm之间,Zr O2以单斜晶相微晶形式存在并很好地分散于Mg O相中,表现出较高的催化活性。当固体碱中Mg/Zr物料比为3∶1,煅烧温度为500℃时催化剂的活性最佳,通过对酯交换反应影响因素的考察得到了催化反应的最佳工艺条件;酯交换率达到96.9%。     

CuCrO_x/Al_2O_3的制备及催化燃烧甲苯的性能研究

考察了一种低成本的含Cu复合金属氧化物催化剂CuCrO_x/Al_2O_3的制备方法,并用于催化燃烧甲苯。结果表明,CuCrO_x/Al_2O_3的催化活性优于CuVO_x/Al_2O_3、CuMoO_x/Al_2O_3、CuCeO_x/Al_2O_3、CuZrO_x/Al_2O_3,其制备的最佳条件为Cu∶Cr(原子比)=1∶1、负载量8%(以活性物质质量/载体质量计)、焙烧温度500℃。该催化剂具有良好的稳定性、抗硫性和可还原性,在反应温度为300℃下连续催化燃烧77h,甲苯转化率均能保持在90%以上,在SO_2质量浓度为300mg/m~3条件下反应5h,催化活性几乎不受到影响。     

低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H2O2等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响,结果表明:催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6 g/L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3.8时,可取得最佳的降解效果;酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100 mg/L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体(air+Ar)>氧气>氩气;在反应过程中投加H2O2有利于染料降解率的提高.在优化实验条件下降解150 min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91.4%.     

超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。     

TS-1分子筛催化O_3/H_2O_2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系（O3/H2O2/TS-1）对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸（初始浓度为100 mg/L）的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

Pd-Na/Al_2O_3催化剂的表征及室温下催化氧化甲醛的性能

为获得一种可在室温下完全氧化甲醛且价格较低的催化剂,选取商用的γ-Al2O3为载体,以价格相对较低的Pd为活性组分,以Na+为助剂,采用共浸渍法制备了一系列0.5%Pd-x%Na/Al2O3(x=0、1、2和4)催化剂。采用N2吸附脱附、XRD、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和XPS对催化剂物理化学性质进行了表征,对催化剂室温催化氧化甲醛性能进行了评价。结果表明:Pd与Na之间的协同作用促进了部分带负电荷Pd物种的形成,有利于O2物种的吸附;Pd与Na之间的强相互作用,显著改善了催化剂的低温还原性,促进了表面吸附氧活化,有利于催化氧化甲醛;0.5%Pd-2%Na/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的催化活性和良好的稳定性,在室温(25℃)下,甲醛体积分数为0.025%时,甲醛转化率为100%;连续使用60 h后,甲醛的转化率仍维持在99.0%以上。0.5%Pd-2%Na/Al2O3催化剂载体易得、Pd负载量低,合成工艺简单,催化氧化甲醛性能优异,有望成为一种去除室内甲醛的新型催化剂。上述结果可为室内空气中甲醛的催化氧化治理提供参考。     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其湿式催化氧化性能研究

针对常温常压的废水双氧水催化氧化,采用浸渍法制备CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用比表面积、XRD手段表征了制备工艺对催化剂的影响,以模拟苯酚废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能.研究表明,焙烧温度和活性组分含量等显著影响催化剂的性能,催化剂对双氧水催化氧化苯酚溶液具有较高的催化活性.     

O_3、H_2O_2/O_3及UV/O_3在焦化废水深度处理中的应用

采用O3、H2O2/O3和UV/O3等高级氧化技术(AOPs)对某焦化公司的生化出水进行深度处理,考察了O3与废水的接触时间、溶液pH、反应温度等因素对废水COD去除率的影响,确定出O3氧化反应的最佳工艺参数为:接触时间40 min,溶液pH 8.5,反应温度25℃,此条件下废水COD及UV254的去除率最高可达47.14%和73.47%;H2O2/O3及UV/O3两种组合工艺对焦化废水COD及UV254的去除率均有一定程度的提高,但H2O2/O3系统的运行效果取决于H2O2的投加量.研究结论表明,单纯采用COD作为评价指标,并不能准确反映出O3系列AOPs对焦化废水中有机污染物的降解作用.     

Al_2O_3/石墨相氮化碳光催化剂的合成及其光催化性能

以Al_2O_3和硼改性的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4B)为原料,利用表面氢氧根修饰结合超声分散的方法制备了具有不同Al_2O_3含量的一系列复合光催化剂Al_2O_3/g-C_3N_4B。通过X射线衍射、紫外—可见漫反射光谱和光致发光光谱对Al_2O_3/g-C_3N_4B进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标化合物,考察了Al_2O_3/g-C_3N_4B的光催化活性。结果表明:Al_2O_3/g-C_3N_4B对MB具有较好的光催化降解性能,其中Al_2O_3质量分数为40%的Al_2O_3/g-C_3N_4B光催化活性最佳。在MB光催化降解过程中,·O_2~-和h~+起了重要作用,而H_2O_2与·OH的作用可以忽略。     

介质阻挡放电协同Ag/Al_2O_3对NO_x脱除的影响

为有效去除发电厂烟气中产生的NOx,利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生低温等离子体并结合催化剂Ag/Al2O3进行烟气脱硝实验,研究了在加入乙烯的条件下,平均负载量、催化温度和装置的布置方式对NOx脱除的影响。结果表明,随着负载的增多,NO脱除率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,5种负载量中最佳为1.76%;随着催化温度的升高,NO脱除率同样呈现先增大后减小的趋势,最佳的催化温度为150℃左右;3种不同布置方式对NO和NOx脱除有明显差别,单独催化剂在NO和NOx的脱除率都比较低;单独介质阻挡放电NO脱除率很高,但是NOx很却很低;而两者结合在NO和NOx都达到了很好的效果。     

A study on production of biodiesel using a novel solid oxide catalyst derived from waste

The issues of energy security, dwindling supply and inflating price of fossil fuel have shifted the global focus towards fuel of renewable origin. Biodiesel, having renewable origin, has exhibited great potential as substitute for fossil fuels. The most common route of biodiesel production is through transesterification of vegetable oil in presence of homogeneous acid or base or solid oxide catalyst. But, the economics of biodiesel is not competitive with respect to fossil fuel due to high cost of production. The vegetable oil waste is a potential alternative for biodiesel production, particularly when disposal of used vegetable oil has been restricted in several countries. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a low-cost solid oxide catalyst derived from eggshell (a food waste) in transesterification of vegetable oil and simulated waste vegetable oil (SWVO). The impact of thermal treatment of vegetable oil (to simulate frying operation) on transesterification using eggshell-derived solid oxide catalyst (ESSO catalyst) was also evaluated along with the effect of varying reaction parameters. The study reported that around 90 % biodiesel yield was obtained with vegetable oil at methanol/oil molar ratio of 18:1 in 3 h reaction time using 10 % ESSO catalyst. The biodiesel produced with ESSO catalyst from SWVO, thermally treated at 150 °C for 24 h, was found to conform with the biodiesel standard, but the yield was 5 % lower compared to that of the untreated oil. The utilization of waste vegetable oil along with waste eggshell as catalyst is significant for improving the overall economics of the biodiesel in the current market. The utilization of waste for societal benefit with the essence of sustainable development is the novelty of this work.     

Catalytic destruction of 1,2-dichlorobenzene on V2O5-WO3/Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst

Studies on the catalytic destruction of 1,2-dichlorobenzene were carried out on a specially constructed semi-technical equipment whose most important element was a catalytic reactor with a monolithic catalyst in the form of 150 x 150 x 100 mm cubes. A catalyst made from cordierite with an active layer composed of Al2O3 - 64 wt%, TiO2 - 26 wt%, V2O5 - 6.6 wt% and WO3 - 3.4 wt% was used. The reactor made it possible to carry out the process in the temperature range 150-350 degrees C, at variable catalyst loading and different velocities of gas flow through the reactor. The content of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the air was analysed by a chromatographic method. A significant effect of catalyst loading and temperature on 1,2-dichlorobenzene destruction efficiency was observed and no effect of the linear flow velocity through the catalyst on o-dichlorobenzene destruction efficiency was reported. The applied vanadium-tungsten catalyst on a monolithic carrier made from TiO2/gamma-Al2O3 revealed very good activity that resulted in an over 80% efficiency of 1,2-dichlorobenzene destruction at the temperature around 250 degrees C at a very high catalyst loading reaching ca. 8200 h(-1). Additionally, in this study the kinetics of 1,2-dichlorobenzene decomposition was determined, specifying the order of reaction and dependence of the decomposition rate constant on temperature, using a simple power-rate law model.     

Enhanced decomposition of NO on the alkalized PdO/Al2O3 catalyst

Experimentally, decomposition of NO on the alkalized Pd/Al2O3 catalyst is remarkably enhanced at 825-1000 K. The enhancement in N2 yield may be due to the additional basic sites on the alkalized catalyst that can trap NO molecules. However, at T > 1000 K, due to the fact that the absorbed oxygen in subsurface or bulk of Pd was involved in the formation and desorption of oxygen molecules, yield of oxygen was enhanced.     

铈改性Al2O3担载Pd催化剂的CO氧化性能研究

浸渍法制备了Al2O3＋CeO2为载体的Pd催化剂,对制备中各因素对催化剂效果的影响作了初步研究。考察了活性组分含量与催化剂性能的关系以及焙烧温度、水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,稀土Ce元素的存在使催化剂的性能得到明显改善。制备过程中焙烧步骤对催化剂的活性影响很大,催化剂制备必须高于600℃焙烧。     

还原剂对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO还原的影响

在富氧条件下,研究了CH4、C3H8、C 3H6、C8H18、CH 3OH、C2H5OH,以及C3H6与CH3OH、C3H6与C2H5OH组合作还原剂时,在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO的还原活性.结果表明,不同碳氢化合物还原NO的活性温度存在较大的差异.SO2的存在会导致CH3OH还原NO的活性提高,而其他碳氢化合物还原NO的活性降低.随着还原剂浓度提高,NOx转化率增大,不过,过高的还原剂浓度对NO还原不利.组合使用CH3OH与C3H6或C2H5OH与C3H6作为还原剂,能显著拓宽活性温度范围.     

中试规模下蜂窝式Mn-Ce/Al2O3脱硝催化剂的低温性能

采用自行设计的反应装置,研究中试规模条件下关键参数对蜂窝堇青石Mn-Ce/Al2O3催化剂脱硝效率的影响以及抗硫抗水性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和比表面积测试仪（BET）研究催化剂的理化性质。结果表明,反应温度、空速、氨氮比对催化活性均有明显影响,同时,催化剂对氮氧化物浓度有较强适应性,NO浓度在134~469 mg·m-3区间内脱硝效率均可保持在75%以上。催化剂在100 oC,空速3 336 h-1,[NH3]/[NO]为0.9,烟气量20 m3·h-1条件下连续反应168 h,其催化效率可以稳定保持在75%~80%,说明蜂窝式Mn-Ce/Al2O3具有良好的稳定性。催化剂在含5%H2O气氛中催化效率由80%减少至60%,在去除H2O后抑制作用消失。反应气中通入143 mg·m-3 SO2后催化效率由80%降低至62%,停止通入SO2后活性不能恢复。同时通入143 mg·m-3 SO2和5%H2O,催化效率下降并维持在53%左右,停止通入后活性恢复至67%。通过对SO2中毒前后的催化剂表征分析可得,SO2存在条件下生成的硫酸铵盐堵塞了20 nm孔径以下的部分孔道,覆盖了催化剂表面活性位点,是引起效率下降的主要原因。     

Life cycle sustainability assessment of optimized biodiesel production from used rice bran oil employing waste derived-hydroxyapatite supported vanadium catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work encompasses the production of biodiesel from an inexpensive waste, viz., used rice bran oil (URBO) through concurrent esterification...     

前驱体对Cu/Al2O3的HCN催化水解性能的影响

为了研究前驱体因素对Cu/Al2O3的HCN催化水解性能的影响,考察了铜盐前驱体种类和前驱体溶液浓度对催化剂脱除HCN的规律变化,并探究了焙烧温度和反应温度对催化水解HCN的影响。采用浸渍法制备了Cu/Al2O3催化剂,并采用BET、SEM、XRD和XPS等对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,以乙酸铜为前驱体制备的催化剂因具有较好的孔结构和较多的CuO负载量,使其相较其他3种铜盐表现出了最好的催化活性。当乙酸铜前驱体溶液浓度为0.050 mol·L-1,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂的催化活性最高。反应温度越高,越有利于提升催化活性。反应温度为250℃时,催化剂对HCN的脱除效率即达到96%以上。可见,以乙酸铜为前驱体制备的催化剂用于低温催化水解HCN效果理想,具有较好的应用前景。     

Catalytic performance of Ag/Al2O3-C2H5OH-Cu/Al2O3 system for the removal of NOx from diesel engine exhaust

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by C(2)H(5)OH was studied in excess oxygen over Ag/Al(2)O(3) catalysts with different Ag loadings at lab conditions. The 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) has the highest activity for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx with a drawback of simultaneously producing CO and unburned THC in effluent gases. An oxidation catalyst 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) was directly placed after the Ag/Al(2)O(3) to remove CO and unburned THC. Washcoated honeycomb catalysts were prepared based on the 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) and 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) powders and tested for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx on a diesel engine at the practical operating conditions. Compared with the Ag/Al(2)O(3) powder, the Ag/Al(2)O(3) washcoated honeycomb catalyst (SCR catalyst) has a similar activity for NOx reduction by C(2)H(5)OH and the drawback of increasing the CO and unburned THC emissions. Using the SCR+Oxi composite catalyst with the optimization of C(2)H(5)OH addition, the diesel engine completely meets EURO III emission standards.