山东省第二次全国污染源普查数据审核工作分析与研讨

全国污染源普查是重大的国情调查,是理清污染源与环境质量的关系、加强污染源监管、改善环境质量、防控环境风险、服务环境与发展综合决策的重要依据。数据质量是污染源普查工作的生命,数据审核是数据质量控制的重要环节。总结了山东省第二次全国污染源普查数据审核的经验做法,为第三次全国污染源普查或其他类环境调查工作提供借鉴案例。     

浅谈非重点企业的清洁生产审核验收工作

重点企业与非重点企业由于其参与清洁生产审核的背景及初衷方面的本质差别,使其与二者相对应的审核验收也存在着较大的不同.相时于重点企业,目前对非重点企业审核验收的相关管理制度建设方面尚存在一定的空白.探索性地通过对非重点企业清洁生产审核验收工作的特点、验收管理工作原则及验收形式的分析描述,为非重点企业的审核验收工作提供参考与借鉴.     

铅蓄电池生产企业的清洁生产审核

介绍了某铅蓄电池生产企业按照清洁生产审核程序的7个阶段开展的清洁生产审核工作,分别对企业含铅废气、含铅废水和含铅危险废物污染源进行了排查,采用铅平衡核算、与清洁生产标准进行指标对比等方法查找问题并进行原因分析,提出改进方案。实施清洁生产方案后企业废水产生量为0.10 m3/(kV.A.h)(以生产单位电功率铅蓄电池产生的废水量计),总铅产生量为0.35 g/(kV.A.h),铅尘处理系统除尘效率达98%以上,年减少含铅废酸液产生量50 t,年减排铅尘3.2 kg,年节约成本50万元以上。     

河南省清洁生产审核验收标准设计及探讨

通过清洁生产审核验收标准的制定,来推动和规范清洁生产审核工作.依据相关的法律法规、验收经验总结、编制原则,设计清洁生产审核验收标准.采取分值法设计清洁生产审核验收标准,涵盖了清洁生产审核的程序,保证了标准的严密性、可操作性和完整性;体现了清洁生产审核的内容,反映了清洁生产实施的结果;为企业提供了审核目标,为管理部门提供了验收依据.     

重点企业清洁生产审核工作评价——以青岛某区为例

清洁生产审核已经开展了15年,在推进节能减排的同时也暴露出一些问题。以青岛某区重点企业的清洁生产审核工作为研究对象,通过抽取不同行业进行清洁生产审核产生效果进行评价。通过清洁生产审核的企业,在规范化建设、节能降耗、污染减排等方面得到明显的改善,兼顾环境效益的同时,也为企业带来可观的经济效益和社会效益,因此开展清洁生产是实现共赢的有效途径。归纳总结重点企业在清洁生产过程中存在的问题,从3个层面入手,深入剖析,对清洁生产审核工作未来发展提出意见和建议。该评价可为清洁生产审核工作提供参考。     

清洁生产审核中的物料平衡操作规范

基于物质流分析原理,通过归纳总结长期审核工作的经验,建立了量化追踪评估物质利用效率的物料平衡操作规范及其方法框架,以保障取得审核成效。在审核方法学层面上,针对不同类型、不同情况下的工艺流程,首次给出了较为完整的可量化追踪物质利用效率的物料平衡操作规范。     

东北老化工企业清洁生产审核实例分析

通过对东北老化工企业清洁生产审核的实例分析,总结提出了清洁生产审核对老化工企业振兴的重要性和帮助作用;同时,为同类型的东北老化工企业清洁生产审核提供了科学的借鉴。     

我国火电厂排水水质现状

为了掌握我国火力发电厂排水的水质和水量现状,我们收集了装机容量为5万瓩以上的132个电厂排水资料,其中大部分是1985年工业污染源普查时的分析数据和1986年的环境监测值,只有极少数是1985年以前的分析数据。因此,这些资料基本上反映了目前我国火电厂废水排放状况。由于有的电厂提供的排水水质数据不全,在综合分析时按各个水质指标分别统计分析并在统计分析结果中列出了按各个指标所统计的电厂数目。     

天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义

清洁生产是我国持续发展和科学发展的一项重要内容,也是实现我国污染控制重点由末端治理向生产过程控制转变的重要措施,而"清洁生产审核"是推行清洁生产的一种管理思路和方法.以中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司输气管理处为例进行清洁生产审核分析,阐述天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义.     

新疆某油田企业两轮清洁生产审核效益分析

新疆某油田企业于2007年进行了第一轮清洁生产审核工作,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案9项,中／高费方案5项,产生的直接、间接经济效益总计为4057．27万元／a。该企业于2011年完成了第二轮清洁生产审核,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案6项,中／高费方案8项,总计清洁生产方案产生经济效益1954．142万元／a。通过两轮清洁生产审核工作,企业产生了较好的经济效益与环境效益。     

三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用研究进展

介绍了三维荧光技术的测定原理、测定结果的表征方法和数据解析方法（峰值拾取法、荧光区域积分法和平行因子分析法）。讨论了三维荧光典型荧光峰与BOD₅、COD和TOC等水质指标的相关性,证明了三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用能力。综述了三维荧光技术在生活污水、工业废水和雨水等水环境监测中应用的研究进展,展望了其发展前景。     

The waste reduction (WAR) algorithm: environmental impacts, energy consumption, and engineering economics

A general theory known as the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm has been developed to describe the flow and the generation of potential environmental impact through a chemical process. The theory defines indexes that characterize the generation and the output of potential environmental impact from a process. The existing theory has been extended to include the potential environmental impact of the energy consumed in a chemical process. Energy will have both an environmental impact as well as an economic impact on process design and analysis. Including energy into the analysis of environmental impact is done by re-writing the system boundaries to include the power plant which supplies the energy being consumed by the process and incorporating the environmental effects of the power plant into the analysis. The effect of this addition on the original potential impact indexes will be discussed. An extensive engineering economic evaluation has been included in the process analysis which inherently contains the cost of the consumed energy as an operating cost. A case study is presented which includes a base process design and two modifications to the base design. Each design is analyzed from an economic perspective and an environmental impact perspective. The environmental impact analysis is partitioned into the impacts of the non-product streams and the impacts of the energy generation/consumption process. The comparisons of these analysis procedures illustrate the consequences for decision making in the design of environmentally friendly processes.     

化工生产中的清洁生产审计

清洁生产是环保工作中一项新的思维模式.清洁生产审计是实施清洁生产的一项有力措施.作者结合几年来的实践经验,对化工清洁生产审计中遇到的一些问题提出了自己的见解.     

基于GIS的湖泊区域地表水环境影响评价方法

对地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）技术在地表水环境影响评价中的应用进行了系统分析,指出了应用GIS的技术优势。通过实例研究,提出了基于GIS的区域地表水环境影响评价的方法步骤。在环境监测数据的基础上,利用计算机软件ArcView对BOD5和COD两个评价参数的监测值在水域中的空间分布进行分析,绘制区域等值线,结合地表水评价标准,进行水质评价,确定不同等级水质的空间分布区域。最后对应用GIS应注意的问题进行了分析。     

非常规气采出水回注环境风险的研究进展

采用水力压裂法开采非常规气时,成分复杂、高盐度的采出水需经简单处理后回注地层。此过程可能引发的环境风险逐渐受到各界关注。针对采出水回注的井位层位、回注水水质等环境风险,综述了室内高温高压静态反应釜实验、动态驱替实验、数值模拟、分析评价等方面的研究进展,在此基础上提出了该领域研究存在的问题和发展方向,为我国采出水回注环境影响研究提供借鉴。     

Environmental Effects Monitoring in Sydney Harbor During Remediation of One of Canada's Most Polluted Sites: A Review and Lessons Learned

This article reviews a comprehensive marine environmental effects monitoring program (MEEMP) comprised of components capable of detecting changes in the marine environment over short or extended temporal scales during remediation of one of Canada's most polluted sites at the Sydney Tar Ponds. The monitoring components included: water and sediment quality, amphipod toxicity testing, mussel tissue, crab hepatopancreas tissue, and benthic community assessments. The MEEMP was designed to verify the impact predictions for the remediation project (i.e., no immediate damage to the marine ecosystem through remediation activities). Some components were capable of providing conclusive data (e.g., sediment and water quality), while others only yielded data that were inconclusive or difficult to attribute to remediation activities (e.g., intertidal community assessments and amphipod toxicity testing). Components that provided only inconclusive results or were difficult to attribute to remediation activities were discontinued, resulting in substantial cost savings during the project, but without compromising the overall objectives of the program, which was to monitor for potential adverse environmental effects of remediation on the marine environment in Sydney Harbor and to verify environmental effects predictions made in the Environmental Impact Statement for the project. The rationale for discontinuing certain MEEMP components and discussion of conclusive results are incorporated into “lessons learned” for environmental remediation practitioners and regulators working on similar large‐scale multiyear remediation projects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Electronic tracking and management of industrial waste in Taiwan

This study discusses an online reporting system used for waste flow tracking (auditing) and investigation of violations. In contrast to systems used in other countries, this system requires waste generators and transporters, as well as the treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) to file online reports on the movement of industrial waste within 24 h of being shipped, received, or completely treated. This system also provides online analytical processing for reporters to analyze all their data, thereby encouraging self-management of waste. Currently there are 25,861 generators, 4,963 transporters, and 865 TSDFs in Taiwan that are required to file online reports. Approximately 80 % of all waste generated in Taiwan is reported using this system. More than 7,000 vehicles are equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) for waste tracking, among which over 2,000 transport hazardous waste. Disposal vehicles transmit their locations to the Control Center every 30 s. Database quality has been enhanced through auditing and inspection for more than 12 years since this system was established. It serves as a “single portal” for industrial waste management and facilitates informed decision making for resource exchange and material flow among various industries to achieve resource and environmental sustainability.     

Water Quality Assessment by Ecotoxicological and Chemical Methods in Magnesia,Greece

The fresh- and seawater quality in Magnesia, Greece, was evaluated in this work, using a combination of bioassays and chemical analytical techniques. The crustacean and the invertebrate saline water shrimp Artemia franciscana were used as test species for monitoring the quality of fresh- and seawater samples respectively. Furthermore, chemical analysis was performed in the samples, for the assessment of pollutants loading. In general, both fresh- and seawater toxicity was low, indicating the good environmental conditions in the area. However, two seawater samples and one freshwater sample, presented high toxicity values, which is in agreement with the chemical measurements.     

Performing a regulatory compliance audit: Guidance for environmental managers

An important tool for managing environmental responsibilities is compliance auditing. Auditing the facility allows the environmental manager to identify problems, address potential violations, and streamline environmental compliance expenditures. However, the audit and associated program must be developed within the context of immediate and long-term goals. Before initiating the physical audit, the environmental manager should identify the scope of the audit, select a team, establish the audit process, and decide on report documentation issues, such as confidentiality. If the audit program is developed correctly, todays environmental manager can streamline long-term compliance while managing the company's liability.     

Issues in monitoring hazardous chemicals in stormwater runoff/discharges from superfund and other hazardous chemical sites

Deficiencies in design and execution render stormwater‐runoff monitoring programs for many hazardous chemical sites inadequate for assessing the potential environmental quality and public health impacts of chemicals in the runoff. Two pervasive problems are the use of analytical methods that are inadequate for measuring certain hazardous chemicals at potentially hazardous concentrations, and the application of “criteria/standards” that are inappropriate for evaluating the environmental/public health impacts of chemicals. These concerns are most notable for carcinogens and chemicals that bioaccumulate in edible aquatic organisms, including arsenic, chromium, beryllium, mercury, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides (such as DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls; unrecognized pollutants; and nanomaterials. In order to appropriately evaluate whether the runoff/discharge from a hazardous chemical site is a threat to human health, the analytical methods must be sufficiently sensitive in critical concentration ranges; sampling regimens need to be sufficiently rigorous to provide reliable characterization of the content of the runoff, receiving water, and, for bioaccumulatable chemicals, levels in edible organisms in receiving water. Proper sampling and analysis will then provide data to enable the appropriate criteria/standards to be applied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.