木醋调质石灰石直接硫化反应特性研究

针对O2/CO2燃烧技术适于采用炉内喷钙脱硫方式脱硫而钙利用率仍有较大提升空间的问题,采用木醋废液调质改性石灰石,并利用热分析方法对木醋调质石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下的直接硫化反应特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明石灰石经木醋调质后直接硫化反应性能显著提高,反应温度、吸收剂粒径以及反应气氛中SO2和O2的浓度都对直接硫化反应存在影响,分析认为调质对石灰石热解固体产物微观结构的改善是脱硫性能得以显著提升的主因。     

O2/CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧分解的动力学和热力学研究

富氧燃烧是一种能够综合控制燃煤污染物排放的新型洁净燃烧技术。针对O2／CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧分解特性进行了热力学分析和热重试验结果的动力学分析,将热力学分析结果与热重试验结果进行了对比,得出石灰石的起始分解温度随CO2分压比的增大而增高。     

锅炉尾部烟道直接喷水调质技术的研究

对排烟温度低于160 ℃的锅炉尾部烟道内直接喷水调质技术进行了探讨,从实际应用情况来看,此项技术改造规模小,不影响除灰系统正常运行,并且能提高1%～2.5%的除尘效率.     

钙基吸收剂循环煅烧/碳酸化法捕集CO2的发展

煅烧过程中吸收剂的烧结现象和循环反应过程中的磨损及破碎现象是导致钙基吸收剂循环煅烧/碳酸化捕集CO2性能不稳定的主要原因.针对目前几种常用的提高钙基吸收剂循环捕集性能的方法进行了总结,并对钙基吸收剂顺序脱除SO2/CO2的方法进行解释.     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统石灰石品质试验研究

依据相关标准,对邯郸地区A、B、C 3种石灰石样品的各组分含量、活性以及邦德可磨性指数进行试验测定,并分析了其对湿法脱硫效果的影响,为河北码头电厂脱硫系统的设计提供依据。     

有机钙硫氮协同控制技术研究

有机钙硫氮协同脱除技术是一种极具应用前景的污染物综合控制技术。分析了有机钙硫氮协同脱除的机理及影响因素,介绍了该技术在国内外的研究发展状况。     

糙皮侧耳降解碱木素的动力学研究

对糙皮侧耳B1(白腐真菌的一种)降解碱木素的动力学进行了研究.基于Logistic方程,建立了糙皮侧耳B1在纯培养条件和碱木素存在条件下的生长动力学模型.动力学模型参数分别为0.94d-1和0.90d-1.该模型能够较好地模拟体系中生物量的变化,平均相对误差分别为3.2％和3.4％.糙皮侧耳B1对低浓度碱木素的降解存在...     

进场垃圾的筛分特性试验研究及优化处理

通过深入现场的调查、实验研究,对深圳老虎坑环境园的进场垃圾进行物理成分及理化特性分析.测定了进场垃圾的容重、物理组成、含水率、发热值等基础数据,为废弃物的减量化、无害化与资源化提供了依据.特别是通过垃圾的筛分实验,提出了80 mm、60 mm的筛上物进垃圾焚烧厂的优化处理方案.     

Total recycling of CCA treated wood waste by low-temperature pyrolysis

A system to turn a potentially harmful stream of solid waste into a set of substreams with either commercial value or highly concentrated residual streams is presented. The waste which is considered is metal impregnated (in particular Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) treated) wood waste and timber, such as telephone poles, railway sleepers, timber from landscape and cooling towers, wooden silos, hop-poles, cable drums and wooden playground equipment. These waste streams sum up to several 100,000 tons of material per year currently to be dumped in every major country of the European Community (EC). Technologies need to be developed to reduce this CCA treated wood waste, such that all of the metals are contained in a marketable product stream, and the pyrolysis gases and/or pyrolysis liquid are used to their maximum potential with respect to energy recuperation. Pyrolysing the CCA treated wood waste may be a good solution to the growing disposal problem since low temperatures and no oxidising agents are used, which result in lower loss of metals compared to combustion. An experimental labscale pyrolysis system has been developed to study the influence of the pyrolysis temperature and the duration of the pyrolysis process on the release of metals and the mass reduction. The macrodistribution and microdistribution of the metals in the solid pyrolysis residue is studied using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM–EDXA). Furthermore, a complete mass balance is calculated over the pyrolysis system. Based on these results a semi-industrial pyrolysis system (pilot plant scale) has been developed consisting of three stages: grinding, packed bed pyrolysis and metal separation. Special types of equipment have been developed to carry out the three stages. A new grinding system has been developed, based on a crushing mechanism rather than a cutting mechanism. The crushed wood is introduced by means of a screw feeding system into a reaction column. In this pyrolysis reactor the wood is heated by subjecting it to a flow of hot gases. This causes an adiabatic pyrolysis, which results in volatilisation of the volatile compounds whereas the mineral compounds (containing the metals) remain entrapped in a coal-type residue which is very rich in carbon. The condensable compounds in the pyrolysis gas condense while leaving the reaction zone due to the inverse temperature gradient. The pyrolysis gas leaving the reactor is used as fuel for the hot gas generator. The charcoal which is extracted at the bottom of the reactor, is cooled, compressed, removed and stored, ready to feed the subsequent stage. A specially developed grinder is used to remove the metal particles from the charcoal and the separation between metal and charcoal particles is accomplished in a pneumatic centrifuge as a result of the difference in density. Using this system the ultimate waste is less than 3% of the initial wood mass. Results obtained with a semi-industrial scale prototype confirm the effectiveness of the process.     

电子束辐照分解甲苯的初步实验研究

进行了电子束辐照分解甲苯的静态实验研究,实验结果表明,电子束辐照能够有效地分解甲苯,在850keV、11kGy电子束的辐照下,初始质量浓度为1 000~3 000m g/m3的甲苯去除率可以达到77%以上,且甲苯去除率随吸收剂量的增加而提高。甲苯辐照分解的主要产物是苯甲醛和甲酸,此外还有少量苯、苯酚等。进一步验证了.OH在甲苯分解中的重要作用。     

Effects of Lime and Ash Treatments on DOC Fractions and Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Soil Solutions of Acidified Podzolic Soils

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions and different low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined in soil solutions from two lime or ash treated Norway spruce sites in the south of Sweden. At Hasslöv, 3.45 t ha^-1 or 8.75 t ha^-1 dolomite were applied 15 years before sampling. Horröd was treated with 4.28 t ha^-1 ash and 3.25 t ha^-1 dolomite and sampled four years later. Propionate (7–268 M) and malonate (2–34 M) were the LMWOAsfound in the highest concentrations at Hasslöv. Two other LMWOAs dominated at Horröd, namely citrate (18–64 M)and fumarate (5–31 M). The differences in concentration of most of the determined LMWOAs at Hasslöv were significantly increased due to treatment. The LMWOAs comprised between 1.1–6.3% of the DOC at Hasslöv and 4.5–17.6% at Horröd. At Hasslöv normally 3–10% of the total acidity (TA) was due to LMWOAs and the average specific buffer capacity was 74 ± 22 mmol mol^-1C.The total DOC concentration in the mor layer solution was 16 mM for the dolomite treated plots compared to 10 mM at the untreated plot. A major part of the increase in DOC at the treated plots apparently had a hydrophobic character and was of high molecular weight corresponding to 3–10 kDa. The concentration of DOC < 1 kDa in the control and treated plots was similar.     

水解-好氧联合处理难降解有机废水的试验研究

介绍了水解－好氧工艺在污水处理领域的应用。水解和好氧处理工艺各有优缺点,而水解－好氧联合处理工艺可以发挥单一工艺的优点,尤其在难降解污水的处理中有其独特的优势,试验结果表明：在23－32℃．HRT＝15－28h时,该联合处理工艺对中药加工废水的COD去除率在85％以上。     

用络合萃取法对磺酸型有机废水进行预处理的研究

采用络合萃取法对磺酸型有机废水进行预处理，研究了萃取过程中废水ＰＨ、萃取睡稀释凤加量对废水萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明，当ＰＨ为１．０时，萃取剂和稀释剂按废水；萃取剂；稀释剂＝１００：１０：２５的投加，可取得较好的效果。萃取后的络合相经碱解分离即可回收萃取剂，萃取剂循环使用１０次，废水的ＣＯＤ去除率无下降趋势。     

电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫工业化试验

在四川绵阳5000-20000 m3／h装置上进行了电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫试验。试验结果表明,水蒸气／氨放电活化均能够提高烟气脱硫效率。在水蒸气／氨活化及脉冲电晕联合作用下,烟气温度60-70℃,烟气含湿总量约10％,SO2初始体积分数1500×10-6,氨硫摩尔比2:1,系统耗能率约为4 W·h／m3时,脱硫效率达到93％,形成的副产物中(NH4)2SO4与(NH4)2SO3的质量比大于95:5。     

O2/CO2气氛下醋酸钙再燃脱硝机理分析

在O2/CO2气氛下对醋酸钙再燃脱硝性能进行了试验研究,并建立由112种物质和677步基元反应组成的机理模型,对反应机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明,醋酸钙再燃脱硝效率随温度的升高呈先提高后降低的趋势,高浓度的CO2对脱硝反应有促进作用。醋酸钙分解产生丙酮,丙酮高温热解主要气体产物为CO、CH4、C2 H4、H2、C2 H2和C2 H6,这些碳氢气体能够与OH反应生成碳氢自由基和HCCO,进而与NO反应实现脱硝,高浓度的CO2对碳氢自由基的生成有促进作用。