共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
湖泊水质监测布点优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对湖泊监测布点优化的方法是主成分分析法、分层抽样法.经过对原监测点聚类、分层抽样、测点可靠性检验的程序,得到了客观表征污染物分布特征及总体污染水平的优化测点. 相似文献
2.
本文利用乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量历年监测统计资料,用主成份分析、模糊相似优先比法,对大气测点进行了优化研究,获得了代表乌鲁木齐市大气污染浓度水平和分布特征的优化测点。 相似文献
3.
4.
武汉市城区大气监测优化布点研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对武汉市城区网格布点实测TSP、SO2获取了城区大气污染总体水平的数据,运用Fisher最优分割方法,求出城区5个优化测点数,运用模糊聚类方法对武汉城区48个网格测点的TSP、SO2污染强度置信水平进行聚类;运用日均值和百分位数逼近方法检验;结合优化布点原则等,最终确定的TSP、SO2的5个优化测点能集中反映城区大气环境中TSP、SO2的总体污染水平。 相似文献
5.
目前,国内通常采用的城市环境噪声普查方法是网格布点、大样本一次性测量。南京市自1980年开始开展这项工作,按规范以500×500米网格城区布设测点205个,每年各测点昼,夜分别监测一次约8分钟,计算各测点等效连续A声级的算术平均值(以下简称网格平均声级Leq)。鉴于噪声传播的随机性、局限性,各测点的监测数据反映的仅是测点附近某一时段的噪声状况,而并非该网络0.25km~2的年度噪声水平,因而普查结果所表明的主要是全市环境噪声总体统计结果及分布规律。然而这些信息又是城市环境质量评价、管理、各城市间宏观声环境的比较所必不可少的,环境部门必须定期耗费大量人力物力完成此项工作。 相似文献
6.
7.
环境噪声的“污染图”应是连续分布的噪声物理场.故可以根据各测点的分贝值的大小,勾画出测区噪声场强度分布图,即环境噪声场图(或环境噪声分贝等值图).该图 相似文献
8.
土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20
生态风险评价是风险论与生态学、环境科学、地学等多种学科相互交叉的边缘学科.以土壤生态系统为对象,介绍了目前已有的几类重金属污染生态风险评价方法,包括概念模型法、数学模型法、指数法、形态分析法、植物培养法等.指出根据研究目的与污染特性选择适当的评价方法,可以为土壤生态风险管理提供科学信息. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
固定污染源监测断面的选择对流量测定的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
吕升 《环境监测管理与技术》2001,13(2):39-41
监测断面的选择在废气污染源监测中起着相当重要的作用 ,在无法找到完全符合技术规范要求的监测断面时 ,以前常将监测断面选择在砖砌烟囱上的方法。通过实验 ,否定了该方法应用于测定废气流量较小的污染源的可行性 ,提出了应用于测定废气流量较小的污染源时 ,较为成熟的监测断面选择方案。 相似文献
12.
The monitoring of water quality today provides a great quantity of data consisting of the values of the parameters measured as a tunction of bme or as spatial function.In the marine environment, and especially in the suspended material, increasing importance is being given to the presence of particular pollution indices. With the increase in the number of sampling points, the amount of data increases and examining the results and their consequent interpretation becomes more difficult. To overcome such difficulties, numerous chemometric techniques have been introduced in environmental chemistry, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA).The use of the PCA in this work has been applied to the analysis of twenty three different sampling points in three seasonal sampling cruises in the same year. This led to recognition of the influence and the localisation of wastewaters in the Augusta bay after measuring the water pollution parameters.The PCA made evident the difference between some sampling sites whose data were initially thought to be similar where the presence of hot industrial water discharge or urban wastewater determines the permanent water quality.Furthermore, it has allowed a choice of more significant parameters for monitoring programs and more representative sampling site locations. 相似文献
13.
段再明 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(2):38-39
阐述了加强环境空气监测点位管理的重要性,指出了目前环境空气监测点位管理中存在的问题,提出设置监测点位时,既要考虑监测点的位置和数量,又要考虑监测点周围的人为活动、流动污染源、固定污染源和面源的影响。 相似文献
14.
Xuan Zhang Honglei Jiang Yaozong Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4693-4704
A data matrix, obtained during a 3-year monitoring period (2007–2009) from 45 sampling sites in Hong Kong marine, was subjected to determine the spatial characterization and identify the sources of main pollutants. Indicator analyses indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nickel, manganese, and arsenic (As) were at safe levels. Five heavy metals (zinc, lead, cupper, cadmium, chromium (Cr)) were moderate to severe enrichment at some sites. Inner Deep Bay and Victoria Harbor were considered as hot spots for PAHs and the heavy metals, while Tolo Harbor was highly polluted by the heavy metals. Cluster analysis classified the 45 sampling sites into three groups, representing different pollution levels. Principal component analysis/factor analysis identified four principal components (PCs) and explained 84.9 % of the total variances, standing for persistent pollution, N factor, P and Cr factor, and As factor, respectively. Group A was highly polluted by persistent pollution, group B was the less polluted group, and subgroup B1 was less affected by PC3 and PC4 than subgroup B2. Group C, considered as the moderately polluted group, was greatly affected by N factor or persistent pollution, while subgroup C2 received more N pollution than subgroup C1. 相似文献
15.
环境空气质量分析的实践与探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以丹东市环境空气质量分析为例对当前采用的环境空气质量分析方法的优缺点进行了评述,指出采用全市多点位平均值分析环境空气质量具有一定缺欠,它们的均值会平滑掉重污染点的监测峰值,反映不出城市应有的污染来;应把对重污染点的监测值的分析作为重点,辅以全市多点位的平均值,分析环境空气污染特征、变化规律,进而查找其污染原因,提出可行的减少或消除环境空气污染的措施和办法。 相似文献
16.
珠江三角洲地区空气自动监控网络数据空间模拟适用方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
珠江三角洲地区已构建起区域性空气质量自动监测网络,由于初步建立的自动监控网络监测站点对整个区域而言极其有限,如以单离散数据形式发布则不能反映出区域空气污染的连续变化特征和全貌.对有限点位监测结果进行空间模拟研究才能满足反映区域性污染状况的需求.通过运用、比对、评价不同空间插值模型于自动监控网络离散站点的模拟应用,提出了珠江三角洲自动监控网络数据空间模拟适用方法. 相似文献
17.
González Gallero FJ Galán Vallejo M Umbría A Gervilla Baena J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):405-423
A complete statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data was carried out in the ‘Campo de Gibraltar’ region (in the South of Spain) from 1999 to 2002. This is a heavy industrialized area where, up to date, very few air pollution studies have been made. The main objectives of the study presented here have been the characterization of the meteorological and (gaseous and particulate) air pollution conditions in the area, and the relations between them. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been applied to the data. The results show that air quality in the area is highly dependent on meteorological conditions such as wind persistence and direction, dispersion capability of the atmosphere, and humidity content. On average, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide air pollution, mainly caused by fuel-oil combustion and traffic, respectively, is not very high. However, an important number of exceedences of the limits established by the EU Directive 1999 for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) have been observed in some points of the area. A significant percentage of these exceedences (about 22% on average) are likely caused by African dust intrusions, which usually take place from May to August. From gaseous and particulate air correlations, it seems that anthropogenic activities contribute with about 19% on average. 相似文献
18.
Integrated Environmental Assessment of the Mid-Atlantic Region with Analytical Network Process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A decision analysis method for integrating environmental indicators was developed. This was a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Being able to take into account the interdependency among variables, the method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States, we were able to point out areas which were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration regarding various environmental aspects. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of conventional multivariate statistics (PCA) and decision-making science tool (ANP) for integrated environmental assessment. 相似文献
19.
20.
MC Cruz DG Cacciabue JF Gil O Gamboni MS Vicente S Wuertz E Gonzo VB Rajal 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(9):2338-2349
Many developing and threshold countries rely on shallow groundwater wells for their water supply whilst pit latrines are used for sanitation. We employed a unified strategy involving satellite images and environmental monitoring of 16 physico-chemical and microbiological water quality parameters to identify significant land uses that can lead to unacceptable deterioration of source water, in a region with a subtropical climate and seasonally restricted torrential rainfall in Northern Argentina. Agricultural and non-agricultural sources of nitrate were illustrated in satellite images and used to assess the organic load discharged. The estimated human organic load per year was 28.5 BOD(5) tons and the N load was 7.5 tons, while for poultry farms it was 9940-BOD(5) tons and 1037-N tons, respectively. Concentrations of nitrates and organics were significantly different between seasons in well water (p values of 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). The onset of the wet season had an extraordinarily negative impact on well water due in part to the high permeability of soils made up of fine gravels and coarse sand. Discriminant analysis showed that land uses had a pronounced seasonal influence on nitrates and introduced additional microbial contamination, causing nitrification and denitrification in shallow groundwater. P-well was highly impacted by a poultry farm while S-well was affected by anthropogenic pollution and background load, as revealed by Principal Component Analysis. The application of microbial source tracking techniques is recommended to corroborate local sources of human versus animal origin. 相似文献