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1.
Heavy metal pollution of water resources can be apprehended in East Singhbhum region which is a highly mineralised zone with
extensive mining of copper, uranium and other minerals. Ten groundwater samples were collected from each site and the heavy
metal analysis was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the concentration
of iron, manganese, zinc, lead, copper and nickel in groundwater of Bagjata mining area ranged 0.06–5.3 mg l − 1, 0.01–1.3 mg l − 1, 0.02–8.2 mg l − 1, 1.4–28.4 μg l − 1, 0.78–20.0 μg l − 1 and 1.05–20.1 μg l − 1, respectively. In case of Banduhurang mining area, the range was 0.04–2.93 mg l − 1, 0.02–1.1 mg l − 1, 0.01–4.68 mg l − 1, 1.04–33.21 μg l − 1, 1.24–18.7 μg l − 1 and 1.06–14.58 μg l − 1, respectively. The heavy metals were found to be below the drinking water standards (IS:10500 1993) except iron (0.3 mg l − 1) and manganese (0.1 mg l − 1). The hazard quotients of the heavy metals for drinking water were below 1 posing no threat due to intake of water to the
people for both the areas. 相似文献
2.
Díaz A Arnedo R Céspedes-Sánchez R Devesa R Martin-Alonso J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):539-548
A performance study of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES) was applied for the monitoring of the labile fraction of metals Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, in Sant
Joan Despí Drinking Water Treatment Plant located in the South of Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area (Spain). The DWTP monitoring
protocol was optimized by working for 1 day of deployment (24 h) with the DGT device in contact with both treated and river
water matrixes. Additionally, it was demonstrated that an increase in the deployment time of 1 week did not decrease the evaluated
concentrations of the studied metals. The quality parameters of the DGT device and ICP-OES determination, such as limit of
quantification, accuracy expressed as relative error (%) and reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation, were
evaluated. Good results were obtained for all the metals in ultrapure water; limits of quantification ranged from 1.5 μg L − 1 for cadmium to 28 μg L − 1 for zinc when deployment time of 24 h was used and from 0.2 μg L − 1 for cadmium to 4 μg L − 1 for zinc when this time was increased by 1 week. Accuracy and precisions lower than or equal to 10% were obtained at a parametric
concentration value of the metals regulated in the European Drinking Water Guidelines (98/83/EC). DGT deployment was tested
in river and treated water, and good results were obtained for Cd, Ni, Co and Zn, whereas for the other metals, a continuous
control of their metallic labile fractions was monitored. Therefore, DGT device allows the continuous monitoring of the labile
metal species in a drinking water treatment plant. 相似文献
3.
Nagpur City located in semiarid area of central India is a fast-growing industrial centre. In recent years, rapid development
has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. The
present study was undertaken to assess major ion chemistry of shallow groundwater to understand geochemical evolution of groundwater
and water quality for promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. A total of 47 water
samples were collected from shallow aquifer of selected parts of the city and the water chemistry of various ions viz. Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Na + , K + , CO3 2-_{3}^{\ \, 2-}, HCO3 -_{3}^{\ \, -}, Cl − , SO4 2-_{4}^{\ \,2-} and NO3 -_{3}^{\ \,-} are carried out. The chemical relationships in Piper diagram identify Ca–HCO3–Cl and mixed Ca–Na–HCO3–Cl as most prevalent water types. Alkaline earth exceeds alkalis and weak acids exceed strong acids. Ionic ratios and Gibb’s
diagram suggest that silicate rock weathering and anthropogenic activities are the main processes that determine the ionic
composition in the study area. The nitrate appeared as a major problem of safe drinking water in this region. We recorded
highest nitrate concentration, i.e., 411 mg/l in one of the dug well. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking
water quality standards revealed that about half of the shallow aquifer samples are not suitable for drinking. 相似文献
4.
Pore waters play an important role in phosphorus dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. Phosphorus concentrations in pore waters
are much higher than above the bottom. This is confirmed by the results of this study concerning the hypereutrophic lake.
Pore water was analyzed at 11 sampling stations in the upper layer of bottom sediments. This water was separated by centrifugation
and phosphorus level was measured spectrophotometrically with ascorbic acid as a reducer. Total phosphorus concentration in
pore waters ranged from 0.5 to 8.1 mgP l − 1 (mean 3.2 mgP l − 1). Mean phosphorus concentration in pore water samples of this lake was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. High
concentrations were observed in samples from the pelagial and low from the macrophyte zone. 相似文献
5.
Padmalal D Remya SI Jyothi SJ Baijulal B Babu KN Baiju RS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1541-1557
The southwestern coast of India is drained by many small rivers with lengths less than 250 km and catchment areas less than
6,500 km2. These rivers are perennial and are also the major drinking water sources in the region. But, the fast pace of urbanization,
industrialization, fertilizer intensive agricultural activities and rise in pilgrim tourism in the past four to five decades
have imposed marked changes in water quality and solute fluxes of many of these rivers. The problems have aggravated further
due to leaching of ionic constituents from the organic-rich (peaty) impervious sub-surface layers that are exposed due to
channel incision resulting from indiscriminate instream mining for construction-grade sand and gravel. In this context, an
attempt has been made here to evaluate the water quality and the net nutrient flux of one of the important rivers in the southwestern
coast of India, the Manimala river which has a length of about 90 km and catchment area of 847 km2. The river exhibits seasonal variation in most of the water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen,
total dissolved solids, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, HCO3, NO2-N, NO3-N, P
\text-inorg_{\rm \text{-}inorg}, P
\text-tot_{\rm \text{-}tot}, chloride, SO4, and SiO2). Except for NO3-N and SiO2, all the other parameters are generally enriched in non-monsoon (December–May) samples than that of monsoon (June–November).
The flux estimation reveals that the Manimala river transports an amount of 2,308 t y − 1 of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 87 t y − 1 dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and 9246 t y − 1 of SO4, and 1984 t y − 1 K into the receiving coastal waters. These together constitute about 23% of the total dissolved fluxes transported by the
Manimala river. Based on the study, a set of mitigation measures are also suggested to improve the overall water quality of
small catchment rivers of the densely populated tropics in general and the south western coast in particular. 相似文献
6.
Bondareva L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3831-3847
Discharges from the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) of Rosatom, downstream from Krasnoyarsk, resulted in radioactive contamination
of sediments of the River Yenisei. The concentration of artificial gamma-emitting radionuclides (137Cs, 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am) was determined with the objective to analyze the migration processes leading to the transport of these radionuclides.
The content of artificial radionuclides in the surface layers of the study area varied in wide ranges: 137Cs—318–1,800 Bq/kg, 60Co—87–720 Bq/kg, 152Eu—12–287 Bq/kg and 241Am—6–76 Bq/kg. There was a sequence of migration of radionuclides investigated in the surface layer of sediments that were
collected in the near zone of influence of the MCC: 241Am ≈ 152Eu > 60Co > 137Cs. Radionuclide species have been found to be directly related to sediment structure and composition. 相似文献
7.
Water quality assessment: surface water sources used for drinking and irrigation in Zaria,Nigeria are a public health hazard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chigor VN Umoh VJ Okuofu CA Ameh JB Igbinosa EO Okoh AI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3389-3400
We assessed the quality and pollution status of source surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria by monitoring the nature, cause and
extent of pollution in Samaru stream, Kubanni River and Kubanni dam over a period of 10 months, between March and December
2002. A total of 228 water samples was collected from 12 sites and analysed for a total of ten physicochemical and one bacteriological
quality indicators, using standard methods. Aesthetic water quality impairment parameters were also observed. The mean values
of most water quality parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the stream and river than in the dam. There was no significant correlation between faecal coliform counts
(FCC) and water temperature (in the range 15–33°C); pH (5.77–7.32); and turbidity (1.4–567 NTU). The high FCC ranged from
2.0 × 101 to 1.6 × 106 MPN/100 ml and exceeded the WHO standards for drinking water and water used for fresh-produce irrigation, and correlated
positively (P < 0.05) with conductivity (in the range 68–1,029 μS/cm); TDS (10.0–70.0 mg/l); TSS (10.0–70.0 mg/l); Cl (7.5–181 mg/l); PO4−P (0.01–0.41 mg/l); NO3−N (0.6–3.8 mg/l) and BOD5 (0.1–14.9 mg/l). The main pollution sources were municipal wastewater, stormwater runoffs, the ABU sewage treatment plant,
abattoir effluents and irrigation farms treated with chemical fertilisers. We conclude that these water bodies are potentially
hazardous to public health and that proper sewage treatment and river quality monitoring are needed to warn against hazards
to public health. 相似文献
8.
The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) pollution in regional agricultural soils was investigated. Seventy soil samples collected
from surface layers (0–20 cm) and horizons of five selected pedons in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou,
China were analyzed, and the vertical variation and spatial variability of TPH were evaluated. The TPH concentration in top
soils around the petrochemical complex ranged from 1,179.3 to 6,354.9 mg kg − 1, with the average of 2,676.6 mg kg − 1. Furthermore, significant differences between land-use types showed that the TPH concentration in top soils was strongly
influenced by accidental spills. Both the TPH trends in pedons and the identified hot-spot areas also showed that the accidental
explosions or burning accidents were mainly responsible for the pollution. The results reported here suggest that the regular
monitoring and inspection shall be conducted for safety and to avoid or minimize the accidents, and the effective measures
should be taken to remediate the contaminated areas and to assure that the important industrialization of Guangzhou area would
not mean human health risks near the petrochemical complex. 相似文献
9.
Al-Tayar NG Nagaraja P Vasantha RA Shresta AK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):181-191
A simple, rapid, and sensitive method involving the interaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with imipramine hydrochloride
in presence of vanadium (V) in sulfuric acid medium has been proposed for the determination of vanadium. The purple-colored
product developed showed an absorption maximum at 560 nm and was stable for 24 h. The working curve was linear over the concentration
range of 0.1–2.8 μg ml − 1, with sensitivity of detection of 0.0124 μg ml − 1. Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 2.6 × 104 l/mol cm and 0.0039 μg cm − 1, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by Student’s t test and variance ratio F test, and the results were on par with the reported method. The method was successfully used in the determination of V in
water, human urine, soil, and plant samples, and it was free from interference by various concomitant ions. 相似文献
10.
The present study was aimed to make an assessment of health risk due to pollution and human pathogenic bacteria associated
with the recreational and drinking water sources in twin densely populated holy Indian cities Ayodhya and Faizabad. Though
physicochemical studies revealed that the water available in the area is under recommended limits for human use, it is unsafe
on account of poor microbiological quality of surface and ground water in the region. The most probable number (MPN) test
results revealed the preponderance of ≥2,400 total coliforms (TC) (100 ml) − 1 in river, pond, dug well and kund waters. Contrary to that, 94% tube wells, 32% hand pumps and 25% piped supply water were
under safe limits having <3 TC (100 ml) − 1. The shallow depth (~40 ft), water logging and presence of septic tanks in the near vicinity are the possible reasons of
poor microbial quality of hand pump drinking water. The municipal supply water passes along sewage line where loose connections
and/or cracks in pipe lead to mixing and contamination. The significant best quality of tube well water evident from the absence
of TC could be attributed to the depth of well ≥150 ft and usually their location away from the habitation. A total of 263
bacteria from 186 water samples were isolated, and at least five genera of enteric bacteria from various water sources were
identified morphologically and biochemically as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. The serotyping of 72 E. coli and 36 Salmonella sp. revealed 51 as E. coli O157 and 20 as Salmonella sp. The presence of enteric pathogens in water sources pose threat to human health and therefore call for immediate remedial
measures. 相似文献
11.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from contaminated ground water using zero-valent iron nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ritu Singh Virendra Misra Rana Pratap Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3643-3651
Batch experiments were conducted on ground water samples collected from a site contaminated with Cr(VI) to evaluate the redox
potential of zero-valent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated ground water. For this, various samples of contaminated ground water
were allowed to react with various loadings of Fe0 nanoparticles for a reaction period of 60 min. Data showed 100% reduction of Cr(VI) in all the contaminated ground water
samples after treatment with 0.20 gL−1 of Fe0 nanoparticles. An increase in the reduction of Cr(VI) from 45% to 100% was noticed with the increase in the loading of Fe0 nanoparticles from 0.05 to 0.20 gL−1. Reaction kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction showed pseudo first-order kinetics with rate constant in the range of 1.1 × 10−3 to 3.9 × 10−3 min−1. This work demonstrates the potential utility of Fe0 nanoparticles in treatment and remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated water source. 相似文献
12.
The need for accurate carbon budgeting, climate change modelling, and sustainable resource management has lead to an increase
in the number of large area forest monitoring programs. Large area forest monitoring programs often utilize field and remotely
sensed data sources. Sampling, via field or photo plots, enables the collection of data with the desired level of categorical
detail in a timely and efficient manner. When sampling, the aim is to collect representative detailed data enabling the statistical
reporting upon the characteristics of larger areas. As a consequence, approaches for investigating how well sample data represent
larger areas (i.e., the sample neighbourhood and the population) are desired. Presented in this communication is a quantitative
approach for assessing the nature of sampled areas in relation to surrounding areas and the overall population of interest.
Classified Landsat data is converted to forest/non-forest categories to provide a consistent and uniform data set over a 130,000 km2 study region in central British Columbia, Canada. From this larger study area 322 2 × 2 km photo plots on a 20 × 20 km systematic
grid are populated with composition and configuration information for comparison to non-sampled areas. Results indicate that
typically, within the study area, the spatial pattern of forest within a photo plot is representative of the forest patterns
found within primary and secondary neighbourhoods and over the entire population of the study. These methods have implications
for understanding the nature of data used in monitoring programs worldwide. The ability to audit photo and field plot information
promotes an increased understanding of the results developed from sampling and provides tools identifying locations of possible
bias. 相似文献
13.
Pasture selection by livestock is an essential topic for rangeland management, especially in trace element-contaminated soils.
We have studied the composition (nutrients and trace elements) of a grass-based diet from soils affected by a mine spill at
different growth stages (October 2008 to May 2009). A diet based on other plants (mainly Compositae species) was also studied (May 2009) for comparison. Faeces and mane hair of horses feeding on these pastures were also analysed.
Micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and potentially toxic trace element (As, Cd, Pb, Tl) concentrations were below the maximum
tolerable levels (MTL) for horses, except for Fe (at early growth of pastures) and Cd (in the diet based on ‘other’ plants).
Values of potential ingestion of Fe by horses were higher than 10 mg kg body weight − 1 day − 1. Cadmium concentrations in some pasture samples (those composed of Compositae species) were higher than 3 mg kg − 1. Potential toxicity of such Cd levels in pastures is uncertain, since a high disparity of criteria about MTL by cattle exists
(between 0.5 and 10 mg kg − 1 diet). Nutrient concentrations were adequate for horses, which could counteract possible harmful effects derived from trace
element ingestion. The analyses of excreta and mane hair point to the low risk of toxicity derived from the consumption of
these contaminated pastures. However, the ingestion of regenerating pastures (autumnal samples) should be avoided due to the
greater risk of ingestion of contaminated soil attached to the plant material. Management of these pastures by grazing requires
periodic monitoring. Special attention should be given to Fe and particularly Cd (non-essential element) which accumulates
in animal organs, where it could provoke uncertain long-term effects. 相似文献
14.
Mohanty M Pattnaik MM Mishra AK Patra HK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1015-1024
Mine waste water at South Kaliapani usually contains toxic levels of hexavalent Cr(VI). The present in situ study was conducted at South Kaliapani chromite mine area in Orissa state, India, to assess the phytoremediation ability
of three plants, namely, rice (Oryza sativa L.), paragrass (Brachiaria mutica), and an aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes), in attenuating Cr(VI) from mine waste water and to correlate the bio-concentration factors (BCF) of Cr. Water hyacinth
(E. crassipes) showed 24% to 54% reduction whereas paragrass (B. mutica) was able to reduce 18% to 33% of Cr(VI) from mine water. This reduction was studied over a period of 100 days of plant growth.
The reduction was observed through a passage of a sum total of 2,000 sq. ft. cultivated plots and ponds separately. Reduction
in Cr(VI) content in mine water varies with plant age as well as with the distance of passage. Cr accumulation and BCF values
increased with high soil Cr levels as well as the age of plants. High BCF and transportation index (Ti) values, i.e., 10,924
and 32.09, respectively, were noted for water hyacinth. The Ti values indicated that the root-to-shoot translocation of Cr
was very high after 100 days of growth. The total accumulation rate was maximum (8.29 mg Cr kg dry biomass − 1 day − 1) in paragrass. The BCF values for roots were noted to be higher than those of leaves, stems, and grains of the 125-day-old
plants. Hence, paragrass and water hyacinth may be used as tools of phytoremediation to combat the problem of in situ Cr contamination. 相似文献
15.
A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of ametryn in agricultural samples. The proposed
method was based on reaction with pyridine and further coupling with sulfanilic acid to form a colored product. The absorbance
was measured at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.1 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1. The method shows a linear range from 0.2–20 μg mL−1 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.16 and 0.54 μg mL−1, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ametryn in sugarcane juice and commercial
formulations after separation of ametryn from triazine herbicides based on solvent extraction. Recovery values were found
to be in the range of 96.0 ± 0.2% to 98.4 ± 0.1%. 相似文献
16.
Montes AM González-Farias FA Botello AV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1359-1369
The lagoon system of Navachiste-Macapule is located in northern Mexico, in the state of Sinaloa, with an area of 24,000 ha.
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture, and the lagoon lies next to the irrigation district ID-063 which covers
116,615 ha. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of pollution generated by organochlorine pesticides (OC) in
the surface sediments of the lagoon and in the agricultural drains of the ID-063 that are supposedly transported into the
system as a result of agricultural activities and runoff from adjacent land. For this, between 2006 and 2007, 45 surface sediment
samples were collected (warm dry, rainy and cold dry) from 15 sampling sites, during the three climatic seasons. Of these,
eight were located inside the lagoon in marine conditions (salinity >31 PSU) and seven in the agricultural drains of the ID-063
in freshwater conditions (salinity <5 PSU). The average concentration of the OC in the sediments was 44.75 ng g − 1, among which the group of the alicyclic compounds presented the greatest concentrations. The average value of the total organic
carbon (TOC) in the sediments of the system was 0.90%. The sediments collected inside the lagoon had an average OC concentration
of 18.97 ng g − 1, and the predominant type of sediment was fine to very fine sand. The average OC concentration in the sediments collected
in the agricultural drains was 75.69 ng g − 1, where fine sediments (silt) were predominant. The presence of methoxychlor, endrin and heptachlor suggested that these compounds
were continuously used in the system, even though their use is forbidden in Mexico. 相似文献
17.
Latif MT Wanfi L Hanif NM Roslan RN Ali MM Mushrifah I 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1325-1334
This study aims to determine the composition of surfactants in the lake surface microlayer, rainwater, and atmospheric aerosols
in the area surrounding Lake Chini, Pahang. Surfactants in the lake surface microlayer were taken from seven different stations
around the lake, while samples of rainwater were taken from five different sampling stations. The samples of atmospheric aerosols
were collected from the Lake Chini Research Centre which is in close proximity to the lake. The colorimetric analysis method
was used to determine the composition and concentration of anionic surfactants as methylene blue active substances (MBAS)
and cationic surfactants as disulphine blue active substances (DBAS). The concentration of anionic surfactants, as MBAS, in
the surface microlayer ranged between 0.08 to 0.23 μmol L − 1, while the range of concentration of cationic surfactants as DBAS ranged from 0.09 to 0.11 μmol L − 1. The concentration of MBAS was higher in rainwater when compared to surfactants in the lake surface microlayer. The high
concentration of surfactants in the fine mode of atmospheric aerosols suggests that natural and anthropogenic sources of surfactants
contribute to the atmospheric surfactants. 相似文献
18.
Accumulation and tolerance characteristics of cadmium in Chlorophytum comosum: a popular ornamental plant and potential Cd hyperaccumulator 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects on the growth, physiological indexes and the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Chlorophytum comosum under Cd stress were examined by pot-planting. The results showed that the tolerance index (TI) of C. comosum were all above 100 in soil Cd concentration of 100 mg kg − 1. The O2·-_{2^{\bullet}}^{-} production rate and electrical conductivity of C. comosum were significantly positively correlated to Cd adding-concentration while the MDA content increased and had significant differences
with the control. The activities of SOD, CAT, and POD all rose significantly in lower Cd concentration and the Cd threshold
of them were around 10, 50 and 20 mg kg − 1, respectively. The Cd in C. comosum root and aboveground part reached 1,522 and 865·5 mg kg − 1, respectively, in Cd concentration of soil up to 200 mg kg − 1. For the advantages of high tolerance, high accumulation, and high ornamental value, C. comosum may have tremendous application value in the treatment of Cd-contaminated soils. 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of using Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Massal., a crustose lichen as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioaccumulator for evaluation of atmospheric
pollution in tropical areas of India, where few species of lichens are able to grow. PAHs were identified, quantified and
compared to evaluate the potential utility of R. sophodes. The limit of detection for different PAHs was found to be 0.008–0.050 μg g − 1. The total PAHs in different sites were ranged between 0.189 ± 0.029 and 0.494 ± 0.105 μg g − 1. The major sources of PAHs were combustion of organic materials, traffic and vehicular exhaust (diesel and gasoline engine).
Significantly higher concentration of acenaphthylene and phenanthrene indicates road traffic as major source of PAH pollution
in the city. Two-way ANOVA also confirms that all PAHs content showed significant differences between all sampling sites (P
1%). This study establishes the utility of R. sophodes in monitoring the PAHs accumulation potentiality for development of effective tool and explores the most potential traits
resistant to the hazardous environmental conditions in the tropical regions of north India, where no such other effective
way of biomonitoring is known so far. 相似文献
20.
Use of industrial and wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries because of scarcity
of good-quality irrigation water. Wastewaters contain plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy
metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. The present study was undertaken on the long-term impact
of irrigation with treated sewage water for growing vegetables and the potential health risk associated with consumption of
such vegetable. Treated sewage water (TSW), groundwater (GW), soil and plant samples were collected from peri urban vegetable
growing areas of Northern India (Varanasi) and analysed to assess the long-term effect of irrigation with TSW on Cd, Cr, Ni
and Pb build-up in soils and its subsequent transfer into commonly grown vegetable crops. Results indicate that TSW was richer
in essential plant nutrients but contained Cd, Cr and Ni in amounts well above the permissible limits for its use as irrigation
water. Long-term application of TSW resulted in significant build-up of total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb over
GW irrigated sites. TSW also resulted in slight lowering in pH, increase in organic carbon (1.6 g kg − 1) and cation exchange capacity (5.2 cmol kg − 1). The tissue metal concentration and relative efficiency of transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant (transfer factor)
for various groups of vegetables were worked out. Radish, turnip and spinach were grouped as hyper accumulator of heavy metals
whereas brinjal and cauliflower accumulated less heavy metals. Health risk assessment by consumption of vegetables grown with
TSW indicated that all the vegetables were safe for human consumption. However, significant accumulation of these heavy metals
in soil and plant needs to be monitored. 相似文献