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1.
A study was conducted to determine the levels of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn along with physico-chemical parameters in ground waters of Aligarh city, U.P. (India). Twenty seven samples of hand pump water and twenty three samples of municipal water supply were collected from different localities of the Aligarh city, five times during the period of two months at intervals of 12 days. The samples were analysed for physico-chemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides, sulphates, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrate-nitrogen, fluoride, calcium and magnesium) and heavy metal contents. The concentrations of heavy metals in the hand pump water samples were found in the ranges of Cd (ND-5.00); Cr (ND-30.00); Cu (ND-82.50); Fe (16.80–460.00); Mn (ND-425.00); Ni (ND-25.00); Pb (ND-25.00) and Zn (28.60–775.00) g l–1. The heavy metal concentrations in the municipal water supply samples were found to be Cd (ND-5.00); Cr (ND-25.00); Cu (ND-37.50); Fe (8.00–37.50); Mn (ND-320.00); Ni (ND-25.00); Pb (ND-25.00) and Zn (2.00–271.87) g l–1.It appears from the results of these studies the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the ground waters of the Aligarh City were found to be lower than the prescribed limits of World Health Organisation (1984), whereas the values of Fe and Mn were found above the prescribed limits in some localities. The chloride total hardness and nitrate-nitrogen were comparatively higher in the hand pump water than the municipal supply water. The reason of higher values of these parameters may be ascribed to the surface disposal of sewage wastes, wastes from metal processing industries and other house hold refuses. 相似文献
2.
An assessment of heavy metals loading in River Benue in the Makurdi Metropolitan Area in Central Nigeria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
River Benue, the second largest river in Nigeria, serves as the major source of municipal water supplies for towns and villages
along its course. Water samples from the river were collected at ten stations in the Makurdi metropolitan area (7°44′ N, 8°32′ E) in Benue State, Central Nigeria, for 12 months and analyzed for their heavy metals concentration, along with other water-quality
parameters such as turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids and total solids. The results revealed that the mean concentrations
of heavy metals in the river was in the following ascending order, Cd < Cu < Zn < Mn < Pb < Cr < Fe. The levels of most of
the parameters determined, with the exception of Cd, Cr and Pb were, generally, within acceptable limits for drinking water.
From the present study, it is concluded that the River Benue is only moderately contaminated with regard to heavy metals,
in the Makurdi metropolitan area. 相似文献
3.
Díaz A Arnedo R Céspedes-Sánchez R Devesa R Martin-Alonso J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):539-548
A performance study of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES) was applied for the monitoring of the labile fraction of metals Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, in Sant
Joan Despí Drinking Water Treatment Plant located in the South of Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area (Spain). The DWTP monitoring
protocol was optimized by working for 1 day of deployment (24 h) with the DGT device in contact with both treated and river
water matrixes. Additionally, it was demonstrated that an increase in the deployment time of 1 week did not decrease the evaluated
concentrations of the studied metals. The quality parameters of the DGT device and ICP-OES determination, such as limit of
quantification, accuracy expressed as relative error (%) and reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation, were
evaluated. Good results were obtained for all the metals in ultrapure water; limits of quantification ranged from 1.5 μg L − 1 for cadmium to 28 μg L − 1 for zinc when deployment time of 24 h was used and from 0.2 μg L − 1 for cadmium to 4 μg L − 1 for zinc when this time was increased by 1 week. Accuracy and precisions lower than or equal to 10% were obtained at a parametric
concentration value of the metals regulated in the European Drinking Water Guidelines (98/83/EC). DGT deployment was tested
in river and treated water, and good results were obtained for Cd, Ni, Co and Zn, whereas for the other metals, a continuous
control of their metallic labile fractions was monitored. Therefore, DGT device allows the continuous monitoring of the labile
metal species in a drinking water treatment plant. 相似文献
4.
Genc E Sangun MK Dural M Can MF Altunhan C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):59-65
The European eel’s swimbladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus, sampled from the Asi River (Orontes River) in Antakya (Hatay, Turkey) in May 2006 were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for their some heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels. The metal concentrations
of the parasites were compared to different organs (swimbladder, liver, muscle and skin) of the fish hosts. The parasite contained
statistically highly significantly amounts of Fe (P < 0.05). The iron level of nematode was up to 25.52 times than the muscle of its host, Anguilla anguilla. However, bioconcentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn were detected in the A. crassus and it contained no statistically differences with the other tissues of its host, the eel (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were detected in the heavy metal accumulations between the parasitized and
un-parasitized fish tissues. The analysed metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were found in fish muscle at mean concentrations
under the permissible limits proposed by FAO. 相似文献
5.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhan-Jun Xue Shu-Qing Liu Yan-Ling Liu Yong-Lu Yan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3503-3513
With the long-term application of wastewater to vegetable production fields, there is concern about potential health risks
of heavy metals contaminating the edible parts of vegetables grown in contaminated soils in the suburban areas of Baoding
City, China. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated soil was the highest (153.77 mg kg−1), followed by Pb (38.35 mg kg−1), Cu (35.06 mg kg−1), Ni (29.81 mg kg−1), and Cd (0.22 mg kg−1) which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the reference soil. The results showed that long-term sewage irrigation had led to a growing accumulation
of heavy metals in the soils, especially for Cd, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the concentrations of elemental Cd, Zn, and Ni in
vegetables (e.g., Beassica pekinensis L., Allium fistulosum L., Spinacia oleracea L.) collected from the wastewater-irrigated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits, and this also increased the daily
intake of metals by food. However, compared with the health risk index of <1 for heavy metals, the ingestion of vegetables
from the soils irrigated with sewage effluent posed a low health risk. Nevertheless, heavy metal concentrations should be
periodically monitored in vegetables grown in these soils together with the implementation effective remediation technologies
to minimize possible impacts on human health. 相似文献
6.
Use of industrial and wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries because of scarcity
of good-quality irrigation water. Wastewaters contain plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy
metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. The present study was undertaken on the long-term impact
of irrigation with treated sewage water for growing vegetables and the potential health risk associated with consumption of
such vegetable. Treated sewage water (TSW), groundwater (GW), soil and plant samples were collected from peri urban vegetable
growing areas of Northern India (Varanasi) and analysed to assess the long-term effect of irrigation with TSW on Cd, Cr, Ni
and Pb build-up in soils and its subsequent transfer into commonly grown vegetable crops. Results indicate that TSW was richer
in essential plant nutrients but contained Cd, Cr and Ni in amounts well above the permissible limits for its use as irrigation
water. Long-term application of TSW resulted in significant build-up of total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb over
GW irrigated sites. TSW also resulted in slight lowering in pH, increase in organic carbon (1.6 g kg − 1) and cation exchange capacity (5.2 cmol kg − 1). The tissue metal concentration and relative efficiency of transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant (transfer factor)
for various groups of vegetables were worked out. Radish, turnip and spinach were grouped as hyper accumulator of heavy metals
whereas brinjal and cauliflower accumulated less heavy metals. Health risk assessment by consumption of vegetables grown with
TSW indicated that all the vegetables were safe for human consumption. However, significant accumulation of these heavy metals
in soil and plant needs to be monitored. 相似文献
7.
Surface sediment samples (n = 18) were collected from the Algerian Mediterranean coasts and analyzed for seven metals using inductively coupled plasma-optical
emission spectrometry in order to asses the distribution and bioavailability of metals and to study the anthropogenic factors
affecting their concentrations. Sediment samples were size-fractionated into three sizes: 1,080–500 (coarse), 500–250 (medium),
and <250 mm (fine). Bulk sediments were subjected to both sequential extraction and total digestion to evaluate the reliability
of the sequential extraction procedure (SEP), while the fractions have been only sequentially extracted for metals speciation.
The metals were sequentially extracted into five phases namely exchangeable (P1), carbonates (P2), Fe–Mn oxides (P3), organic
(P4) and residual (P5). Metal recoveries in sequential extractions were ±20% of the independently measured total metal concentrations;
the high recovery rates indicate the good reliability of the SEP used in this study. Correlation coefficients indicated that
the grain size has an effect on the distribution of metals in the investigated samples. The order of metal levels in the fractions
was medium > fine > coarse for all the metals. The average total extractable metal concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni,
Pb, and Zn were 1.1, 8.8, 4.7, 1,291.3, 13.9, 5.7 and 20.4 μg/g, respectively. The northeastern shelf had the lowest metal
levels while the highest were in northwestern part mainly due to the significant tourism activities in the northwestern part.
Comparison of our results to Earth’s crust values and to previous studies points out that our samples were relatively unpolluted
with respect to the heavy metals investigated; most of the metals are not from anthropogenic sources. Enrichment factors as
the criteria for examining the impact of the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals were calculated, and it was observed that
the investigated samples were not contaminated with Cr, Cu, and Fe, moderately contaminated with Ni, Pb, and Cd, and contaminated
with Cd in some sites. The P5 phase had the highest percents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cadmium and lead were predominant
in the P4 phase, while Cu, Fe and Zn were distributed in the order P5 > P3 > P4 > P2 > P1. The following order of bioavailability
was found with the heavy metals Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Fe. 相似文献
8.
Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Heavy metal contents and contamination characteristics of the water and sediment of the Khoshk River, Shiraz, Southwest Iran were investigated. The abundance of heavy metals decreases as Zn > Mn > Cr > Ni >Pb > Cu > Cd in water samples and Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd in sediments, respectively. Based on the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values, sediments were loaded with Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd. Pearson correlation matrix as well as cluster and principal components analyses and analysis of variance were implemented on data from sampling sites. Based on the locations of sampling sites in clusters and variable concentrations at these stations, it was concluded that municipal, industrial, and domestic discharges in the Shiraz urban area strongly affected heavy metals concentrations in the Khoshk River water and sediment. Results obtained from principal components analysis of sediment samples showed that the high concentration of Ni was mainly from natural origin, related to the composition of parent rocks, while the elevated values of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu were due to anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
9.
Chl. a, Chl. b, total Chl., Carotenoid, Protein and OD 435/OD 415 ratio were measured to estimate the possible damage caused
by the metallic pollutants in the lichen, Pyxine subcinerea Stirton collected from four different sites of Srinagar Garhwal, Uttaranchal, India. Multiple correlation analysis revealed
significant correlation (P < 0.001) among the Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb metals analysed. Cd did not correlate with any other metals except Fe (P < 0.05). Cu, Pb and Zn, are the main constituents of the vehicular emissions had significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) with protein content while, the OD 435/OD 415 ratio values decreased statistically (P < 0.001) with increase in amount of Cu, Pb and Zn. 相似文献
10.
Keskin Ş 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):449-460
Twenty-one surface sediment samples were collected from Akkaya Dam. Heavy metal concentrations (Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn,
Fe, Cr, As, V and Cd), grain size, organic carbon and carbonate contents were studied in order to assess the extent of environmental
pollution and to discuss the origin of these contaminants in sediments of dam. The sediments in the study area are mostly
very fine sands. However, mud was observed in the northeast of the dam. Sediment pollution assessment was carried out using
enrichment factor. The calculation of enrichment factors showed that Mo is depleted by 1.0 whereas Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn,
As, V, Cr and Cd are enriched by 3, 5.4, 7, 2.7, 2.2, 3.4, 42.3, 2.1, 1.8 and 7.2, respectively. Relatively high concentrations
heavy metals occurred in north (textile industry area) and east (Karasu River) due to enrichment controlled by anthropogenic
wastes. The results of correlation analysis show low–medium positive and negative correlations among metals, grain size, carbonate
contents and organic carbon and indicate that heavy metals in sediments of the Akkaya Dam have different anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
11.
Metal fractionation provides information on mobility and stability of various metal species which can be used to evaluate
the movement of such metals in soils. The effect of wastewater irrigation on the fractions, spatial distribution, and mobility
of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) was investigated in five urban gardens in Kano, Nigeria. Concentration of total Zn in the surface
soils (0–20 cm) ranged from 121 to 207 mg kg − 1 while Cd concentration was 0.3–2.0 mg kg − 1. Speciation of both heavy metals into seven operationally defined fractions indicated that the most reactive forms extracted
with ammonium nitrate and ammonium acetate, also considered as the bioavailable fractions, accounted for 29–42% of total Cd
and 22–54% of total Zn, respectively. The weakly bound fractions of Cd and Zn reached up to 50% of the total Cd and Zn concentrations
in the soils. Such high proportions of labile Cd and Zn fractions are indicative of anthropogenic origins, arising from the
application of wastewater for irrigation and municipal biosolids for soil fertility improvement. Thus, given the predominance
of sandy soil textures, high concentrations of labile Cd and Zn in these garden soils represent a potential hazard for the
redistribution and translocation of these metals into the food chain and aquifer. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge of the total concentration of heavy metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of urban soils.
For this reason, the determination of metal speciation is important to evaluate their environment and the mobilization capacity.
Sequential extraction technique proposed by the former European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to speciate Cd,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in urban soils from Guangzhou into four operationally defined fractions: HOAc extractable, reducible,
oxidizable, and residual. The Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn were predominately located in the residual fraction, Pb in the reducible
fraction, and Cd and Mn within the HOAc extractable fraction. The order of Cd in each fraction was generally HOAc extractable
> reducible > residual > oxidizable; Cu and Fe were residual > reducible > oxidizable > HOAc extractable; Mn was HOAc extractable
> residual > reducible > oxidizable; Ni and Zn were residual > reducible > HOAc extractable > oxidizable; and Pb was reducible
> residual > oxidizable > HOAc extractable. Cadmium was identified as being the most mobile of the elements, followed by Mn,
Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Fe. Iron–Mn oxides can play an important role in binding Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and in decreasing their
proportion associated with the residual fraction in the soils. With total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn increase,
these metals more easily release and may produce more negative effects on the urban environment. 相似文献
13.
The assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made for surficial sediments sampled from 20 sites along Mediterranean
coast of Egypt. The samples were dried, acid digested and analyzed for leachable and total heavy metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air–acetylene) with deuterium background correction.
Evaluation of the heavy metals pollution status was carried out using enrichment factors (EFs), the effect range-low (ERL)
and the effect range-median (ERM). The study showed high concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and moderate concentrations of Cr,
Cu and Mn were contaminated in the sediments of studied sites. The results of Spearman correlation, factor and cluster analysis
of the heavy metals analyzed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is the offshore oil
field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and
lack of supervision and prosecution of offenders. 相似文献
14.
Barman SC Singh R Negi MP Bhargava SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):495-504
The present study deals with the effect of fireworks on ambient air quality during Diwali Festival in Lucknow City. In this
study, PM10, SO2, NO
x
and 10 trace metals associated with PM10 were estimated at four representative locations, during day and night times for Pre Diwali (day before Diwali) and Diwali
day. On Diwali day 24 h average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO
x
was found to be 753.3, 139.1, and 107.3 μg m−3, respectively, and these concentrations were found to be higher at 2.49 and 5.67 times for PM10, 1.95 and 6.59 times for SO2 and 1.79 and 2.69 for NO
x
, when compared with the respective concentration of Pre Diwali and normal day, respectively. On Diwali day, 24 h values for
PM10, SO2, and NO
x
were found to be higher than prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and exceptionally high (7.53
times) for PM10. On Diwali night (12 h) mean level of PM10, SO2 and NO
x
was 1,206.2, 205.4 and 149.0 μg m−3, respectively, which was 4.02, 2.82 and 2.27 times higher than their respective daytime concentrations and showed strong
correlations (p < 0.01) with each other. The 24 h mean concentration of metals associated with PM10 was found to be in the order of Ca (3,169.44) > Fe (747.23) > Zn (542.62) > Cu (454.03), > Pb (307.54) > Mn (83.90) > Co
(78.69) > Cr (42.10) > Ni (41.47) > Cd (34.69) in ng m−3 and all these values were found to be higher than the Pre Diwali (except Fe) and normal day. The metal concentrations on
Diwali day were found to be significantly different than normal day (except Fe & Cu). The concentrations of Co, Ni, Cr and
Cd on Diwali night were found to be significantly higher than daytime concentrations for Pre Diwali (control). The inter correlation
of metals between Ca with Pb, Zn with Ni and Cr, Cu with Co, Co with Mn, Ni with Cd, Mn with Cd, Ni with Cd and Cr, and Cr
with Cd showed significant relation either at p < 0.05 or P < 0.01 levels, which indicated that their sources were the same. The metals Cu, Co, Ni, Cr and Cd showed significant (p < 0.01) association with PM10. These results indicate that fireworks during Diwali festival affected the ambient air quality adversely due to emission
and accumulation of PM10, SO2, NO
x
and trace metals.
ITRC Communication Number 2538 相似文献
15.
The Odiel salt marshes (Marismas del Odiel) are an important nature area declared a Biosphere Reserve, but they are greatly
affected by pollution from the Odiel River. Surface sediments from this area were analysed using the latest version of the
BCR sequential extraction procedure to determine the fractionation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn among four geochemical
phases (acid-soluble, reducible, oxidisable and residual). The total content of each of the metals and As was also determined.
The results showed high concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, with maximums of 791 mg kg−1 of As, 8.5 mg kg−1 of Cd, 2,740 mg kg−1 of Cu, 1,580 mg kg−1 of Pb and 3,920 mg kg−1 of Zn. The concentrations of Cr, Mn and Ni were low since there are no sources of pollution by them in the area. A comparison
of the metal and As levels with the sediment quality guidelines showed that the pollution is sufficient to produce noxious
effects in aquatic organisms in most of the Odiel salt marshes. Based on the chemical distribution of the elements, it was
found that Cd and Zn were the most mobile (i.e., elements that can pass easily into the water under changing environmental
conditions). However, Cr, Fe, Ni and As were present in the greatest percentages in the residual fraction, which implies that
these elements are strongly linked to the sediments. 相似文献
16.
Vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil profile in a seasonally waterlogging agriculture field in Eastern Ganges Basin 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N. Rajmohan S. A. Prathapar M. Jayaprakash R. Nagarajan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5411-5427
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and water is a serious concern due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the vertical distribution of heavy metals, possible sources and their relation with soil texture in a soil profile from seasonally waterlogged agriculture fields of Eastern Ganges basin. Fifteen samples were collected at ~0.90-m interval during drilling of 13.11 mbgl and analysed for physical parameters (moisture content and grain size parameters: sand, silt, clay ratio) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni and Cd). The average metal content was in the decreasing order of Fe?>?Mn?>?Cr?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Cu?>?Co?>?Pb?>?Cd. Vertical distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni shows more or less similar trends, and clay zone records high concentration of heavy metals. The enrichment of heavy metals in clay zone with alkaline pH strongly implies that the heavy metal distributions in the study site are effectively regulated by soil texture and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides. Correlation coefficient analysis indicates that most of the metals correlate with Fe, Mn and soil texture (clay and silt). Soil quality assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF). The enrichment factor values were ranged between 0.66 (Mn) and 2.34 (Co) for the studied metals, and the contamination factor values varied between 0.79 (Mn) and 2.55 (Co). Results suggest that the elements such as Cu and Co are categorized as moderate to moderately severe contamination, which are further confirmed by I geo values (0.69 for Cu and 0.78 for Co). The concentration of Ni exceeded the effects-range median values, and the biological adverse effect of this metal is 87 %. The average concentration of heavy metals was compared with published data such as concentration of heavy metals in Ganga River sediments, Ganga Delta sediments and upper continental crust (UCC), which apparently revealed that heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cd are influenced by the dynamic nature of flood plain deposits. Agricultural practice and domestic sewage are also influenced on the heavy metal content in the study area. 相似文献
17.
In this study an assessment is made of the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation on soils and crops sampled along the
Khoshk River channel in suburban area of Shiraz City, SW Iran. For this purpose, samples of soil profiles (0–60 cm in depth)
and crops were collected from two wastewater irrigated sites and a tube well-irrigated (control) site. Total concentrations
of the five heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr) and their phytoavailable contents were determined. The Pollution Load Indexes
(PLIs) and Contamination Factors (CFs) for soils and Hazard quotients (ΣHQ) for some vegetables were also calculated. The
results showed the use of untreated wastewater has caused the following changes as compared to control site: (1) a 20–30%
increase in organic matter content of soil; (2) increase in pH by 2–3 units; (3) significant concentration increase in Ex-Ca
especially in top layers of soil resulting in high CEC; (4) build up of heavy metals (notably Pb and Ni) in topsoil above
Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) indicating a moderate contamination (PLI > 1, CF > 2.5); (5) contamination of some vegetables
(spinach and lettuce) with Cd due to its high phytoavailability in topsoil causing a HQ > 1; (6) excessive accumulation of
Ni and Pb in wheat due to continual addition of heavy metals through long-term wastewater application. The study concludes
that strict protection measures, stringent guidelines and an integrated system for the treatment and recycling of wastewater
are needed to minimize the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation in the study area. 相似文献
18.
长江南京段近岸沉积物和土壤中重金属分布特征分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过测定沉积物和土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni 6种重金属元素的平均含量,计算其富集因子,分析长江南京段近岸沉积物和土壤中重金属的空间分布特征,结果表明,几种重金属在沉积物中的富集次序为:CdPbCr1NiCuZn,在土壤中为:CdZnCu1CrPbNi,除Zn和Cu外,其他几种金属在沉积物中的富集程度高于土壤,同时Cd的含量超过土壤环境质量三级标准。以Cd和Pb为例分析了重金属含量与沉积物粒级之间的关系,回归分析显示,Cd、Pb的含量与颗粒物的粒级呈显著的相关性,与细颗粒物的含量有密切关系,细颗粒携带的重金属,在长江水力分选作用下到达下游,成为沉积物中重金属的主要来源。 相似文献
19.
This study was conducted to evaluate the degree of mobility and fractionation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) after the addition of municipal solid sewage sludge (MSS) in a sandy calcareous soil. Treatments were (1) soil application of MSS, (2) soil application of enriched municipal solid waste compost (EMSS), and (3) control soil. The MSS application represented a dose of 200 Mg dry weight per hectare. Soil columns were incubated at room temperature for 15 days and irrigated daily with deionized water to make a total of 505 mm. At the end of leaching experiments, soil samples from each column were divided into 14 layers, each being 1 cm down to 10 and 2.5 cm below that and analyzed for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The fractionation of the heavy metals in the top five layers of the surface soil samples was investigated by the sequential extraction method. All soil layers of the columns receiving MSS and EMSS had significantly higher concentrations of DTPA-extractable heavy metals than control soil. The maximum concentration of heavy metals in treated soil was in the surface layer and declined significantly with depth. Sequential extraction results showed that in the treated soil, a major proportion of Cd, Pb, and Ni was associated with organic matter (OM) and exchangeable (EXCH) fractions, and a major proportion of Cu and Zn was associated with residual (RES) and OM fractions. Based on relative percent, Pb, Cd, and Ni in the EXCH fraction was higher than Cu and Zn in soil leached with MSS and EMSS, suggesting that application of this MSS to a sandy calcareous soil, at the loading rate used here, may pose a risk in terms of groundwater contamination with Pb, Cd, and Ni. 相似文献
20.
Herrero-Hernández E Andrades MS Rodríguez-Cruz MS Arienzo M Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3359-3371
The long-term variability of total Cu content from fungicides applied in a certified wine region of Spain (La Rioja) and of
other metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was evaluated in three young vineyard soils and subsoils unamended and amended with
spent mushroom substrates (SMS) over a 3-year period (2006–2008). SMS is a promising agricultural residue as an amendment
to increase the soil organic matter content but may modify the behaviour of metals from pesticide utilisation in vineyards.
Fresh and composted SMS was applied each year at a rate of 25 t ha−1 (dry-weight). Copper concentrations in the three unamended soils were 21.2–88.5, 25.5–77.1, and 29.4–78.4 mg kg−1. They exceeded natural Cu concentrations of the region and reference sub-lethal hazardous concentration for soil organism.
The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were largely below the sub-lethal limits. Thus, although Cu levels were lower than
those of established vineyards, vine performance, and productivity might be affected. The variation in behaviour between different
amendments for each soil was high, so a generic conclusion could not be drawn. The amendment practice seemed to have caused
temporarily Cu mobilization respect to untreated soils. Total zinc concentrations fall within the range of the natural soil
of La Rioja and were significantly affected (p < 0.05) especially by fresh state SMS addition, with increasing up to 75% respect to untreated specimen. The results indicated
a build-up of fresh sites for metal retention at both surface and subsurface level, although no accumulation of metals was
observed in the short-term period. However, the benefit for soils and the negative effects need to be monitored in the long
run. 相似文献