部分国家和地区环境管理体系实施现状

根据德国联邦环境局进行的不完全统计,截止１９９８年３月３１日,全球认证机构已经颁发了超过４０００张ＩＳＯ１４００１标准认证证书。其中以日本、英国、德国、荷兰获证组织数量最多,从中也可看到亚洲国家在环境管理体系认证领域的积极态度。对比１９９７年１１月《...     

建立实施ISO14001环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展

阐述了建立实施ISO14001环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展的关系;分析了当前中国中小企业在经济一体化的环境下,建立实施ISO14001的必要性;提出了中小企业实施ISO14001环境管理体系的步骤;为中小企业进行环境管理体系建立实施提供参考。     

行政管理部门建立和实施环境管理体系的探讨

本文论述了企业与行政管理部门建立和实施ISO14001环境管理体系的异同点,着重探讨了行政管理部门建立环境管理体系的过程、特点和意义,为我国的环境管理工作提供新的思路和方法。     

国内企业实施ISO 14001标准及通过认证的几点经验

提出企业在实施ISO 14001标准及通过认证过程中可能遇到的几点问题,介绍了一些可供借鉴的经验。     

政府部门建立ISO14001环境管理体系工作的探讨

为推动ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理系列标准在全国的推广,国家环保总局鼓励有实施条件的企业建立ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理体系,同时,也积极在政府部门中推行此项工作。如今,苏州新区和大连开发区经申请,已被确定为首批政府建立ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理体系的试点城区...     

中国环境管理体系认证指导委员会发布环境管理体系认证管理规定

《环境管理体系认证管理规定》经中国环境管理体系认证指导委员会全体委员会议审议通过,2001年8月6日批准发布。     

中日合作，建立IS014001环境管理体系

通过介绍独山子石化分公司ISO14001管理体系建立和运行的主要做法和体会,着重分析了形成企业特色,保证贯标认证工作的实效性和经济性。     

推进企业实施ISO14001环境管理体系的调查及思考

本调查了莱钢集团公司进行的一年多的ISO14001贯标工作情况,找准了体系建立与运行中存在的问题及改进措施,提出了推进实施ISO14001环境管理体系标准企业应持的态度,建立时要把握的关键环节及运行时应注意的几个重点。     

中日合作建立ISO14001环境管理体系

本文论述了ISO14001管理体系建立和运行实践的主要做法和体会,着重分析了形成企业特色,保证贯标认证工作的实效性、经济性的独创做法。     

中国环境管理体系认证指导委员会关于加强环境管理体系认证工作的若干意见

２００１年８月１日,中国环境管理体系认证指导委员会以环指委２００１１号文件,向各委员单位,各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局厅,各环境管理体系咨询、认证机构,各有关单位发出“关于加强环境管理体系认证工作的若干意见”,意见指出ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理系列标准的引入和实施,为全面提高企业的环境管理水平,增强公众的环境意识发挥了积极作用。我国政府按照国务院办公厅１９９７２７号文件要求,遵循国际惯例,并结合中国实际,建立了国家权威性环境管理体系认证认可制度。在不同类型的组织中开展了环境管理体系认证工作,为减…     

An analysis of the implementation of an environmental management system in a local public administration

The Environmental Management System (EMS) is commonly implemented in private firms. However, on the basis of a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, our work analyzes the consequences of implementing an EMS within the context of local public administrations, particularly regarding the City Council of Ohanes in Almería (Spain). This is the first European corporation to implement an EMS according to the ISO 14001 Standard, certified by the Spanish Association of Normalization and Certification. Its analysis would be equivalent to the Shumpeterian "market innovator study", so that public administration "followers" can take advantage of the derived benefits and of minimizing the negative effects of such an experience. On the other hand, we show that the economic and environmental advantages derived from the EMS go beyond the activities that the City Council is in charge of. They have spillover effects that extend them to all economic activities in the municipality and these effects are expected to be increased in the medium and long-term perspective. In this paper, we compare the costs and benefits that the municipality obtains in two cases: the City Council implements the EMS or it does not implement it. The main objective of this article is to show the economic and environmental advantages obtained by a municipality when it is only the City Council who is implementing an EMS. It is logical to suppose that this case study can stimulate other municipalities to use this instrument, even if the economic and environmental characteristics of the municipality are different.     

Evaluation of environmental management resources (ISO 14001) at civil engineering construction worksites: a case study of the community of Madrid

In recent years, significant advances have been made in business organization and management. The growing demands of clients as well as the globalization of world markets are among the many factors that have led to the establishment of systems of quality control and environmental management as a competitive strategy for businesses. When compared to other professional sectors, the construction sector has been slower to respond to environmental problems and to adopt Environmental Management Systems (EMS). In the world today the ISO 14001 standard is currently the main frame of reference used by construction companies to implement this type of management system. This article presents the results of a general study regarding the evaluation of the application of the ISO 14001 standard at civil engineering construction worksites in the Community of Madrid (Spain), specifically pertaining to requirement 4.4.1, Resources, roles, responsibilities, and authority. According to requirement 4.4.1, company executives should appoint people responsible for implementing the EMS and also specify their responsibilities and functions. The personnel designated for supervising environmental work should also have sufficient authority to establish and maintain the EMS. The results obtained were the following: - EMS supervisors did not generally possess adequate training and solid experience in construction work and in the environment. Furthermore, supervisors were usually forced to combine their environmental work with other tasks, which made their job even more difficult. - Generally speaking, supervisors were not given sufficient authority and autonomy because productivity at the construction site had priority over environmental management. This was due to the fact that the company management did not have a respectful attitude toward the environment, nor was the management actively involved in the establishment of the EMS. - Insufficient resources were allocated to the Environmental Management Unit. As a result, the application of EMSs in construction projects often appeared to be more of a formality, which was merely a way of maintaining the certification of the Environmental Management System. It was more a means of meeting the requirements for submitting a tender to contracting organisms rather than an indicator of any real commitment to improving the environmental performance of construction companies.     

Environmental performance indicators: an empirical study of Canadian manufacturing firms

The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the importance of measurement and use of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) within manufacturing firms. Two research questions are investigated: (i) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with the importance of measurement of various categories of EPIs? (ii) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with global and specific uses of EPIs? More specifically, this paper examines four uses of EPIs (i.e. to monitor compliance, to motivate continuous improvement, to support decision making, and to provide data for external reporting) as well as four characteristics of firms, namely environmental strategy, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 compliance, size, and ownership. This study contributes to the environmental management accounting literature by collecting and analyzing empirical evidence that provides a better understanding of the associations among firm characteristics and EPIs.     

Evaluation of Environmental Aspects Significance in ISO 14001

The methodological framework set by standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 gives only general principles for environmental aspects assessment, which is regarded as one of the most critical stages of implementing environmental management system. In Estonia, about 100 organizations have been certified to the ISO 14001. Experience obtained from numerous companies has demonstrated that limited transparency and reproducibility of the assessment process serves as a common shortcoming. Despite rather complicated assessment schemes sometimes used, the evaluation procedures have been largely based on subjective judgments because of ill-defined and inadequate assessment criteria. A comparison with some similar studies in other countries indicates a general nature of observed inconsistencies. The diversity of approaches to the aspects’ assessment in concept literature and to the related problems has been discussed. The general structure of basic assessment criteria, compatible with environmental impact assessment and environmental risk analysis has also been outlined. Based on this general structure, the article presents a tiered approach to help organize the assessment in a more consistent manner.     

A hybrid design methodology for structuring an Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping business

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code defines a broad framework for the safe management and operation of merchant ships, maintaining high standards of safety and environmental protection. On the other hand, ISO 14001:2004 provides a generic, worldwide environmental management standard that has been utilized by several industries. Both the ISM Code and ISO 14001:2004 have the practical goal of establishing a sustainable Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping businesses. This paper presents a hybrid design methodology that shows how requirements from both standards can be combined into a single execution scheme. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (FAD) are used to structure an IEMS for ship management companies. This research provides decision aid to maritime executives in order to enhance the environmental performance in the shipping industry.     

建立ISO 14001 / ISO 9001一体化管理体系

建立ISO14001／ISO9001环境／质量一体化管理体系是企业管理体系的发展方向。文章从建立ISO14001／ISO9001环境／质量一体化管理体系的优势、途径、文件结构内容、建议的环境／质量手册目次以及必要的程序文件清单等方面进行了总结、介绍。     

Corporate Environmental Policy Statements in Mainland China: To What Extent Do They Conform to ISO 14000 Documentation?

For decades, industry has been the main source of pollution in China. Determined to make changes, the mainland Chinese authorities have decided to promote mechanisms that incorporate environmental concerns into the internal management of enterprises. This is manifested in the rapid adoption of the ISO14000 standards, including a significant increase in ISO14001 registrations in China. Thus, this study examined the environmental policy statements of 106 certified facilities in mainland China against a strict interpretation of the mandatory requirements of the ISO 14001:1996 standard and the nonmandatory ISO14004 requirements in order to shed some light on the implementation of environmental management systems in an emerging economic giant. It was decided to analyze the environmental policy statement because such a statement is a core element in the ISO system of environmental management of each facility and there are relatively clear and specific requirements on what an environmental policy statement shall include. An analysis of the contents of the environmental policy statements shows that conformance to the relevant requirements of both the mandatory ISO14001 standard and the nonmandatory ISO14004 standard is far from impressive and that the facilities in our sample seldom went beyond the minimum requirements. By using ISO14001 and ISO14004 conformance scores as the dependent variables, we found that conformity to ISO14001 and overall conformance to ISO14000 series can be explained to some extent by the degree of top management commitment, the experience with informal environmental management systems, and the form of ownership of the facilities.