光催化-臭氧协同处理微污染水体的研究

研究了利用光催化-臭氧协同处理微污染水体．分别考察了单一作用和协同作用、不同降解时间、pH值以及不同负载方式下的去除率。     

饮用水微污染处理技术研究进展

概述了饮用水微污染的现状及危害;综述化学氧化,吸附及生物等饮用水微污染的预处理技术,着重介绍强化混凝,臭氧活性炭,生物活性炭,臭氧生物活性炭,光化学催化,膜法及新型生物反应器等深度处理的方法原理及应用前景,并阐明各自的优缺点。     

臭氧——生物活性炭技术在微污染水处理中的应用

分析了臭氧－生物活性炭法的基本作用原理以及介绍了国内研究和应用该法的情况，并提出了应用该法所需注意的一些问题。     

光催化-臭氧协同处理微污染水体的研究

研究了利用光催化-臭氧协同处理微污染水体,分别考察了单一作用和协同作用、不同降解时间、pH值以及不同负载方式下的去除率。     

紫外-微臭氧工艺降解饮用水中邻氯对硝基苯胺的研究

以水中持久性有机物邻氯对硝基苯胺为目标物质,用紫外-微臭氧工艺对其进行降解,同时研究了紫外,紫外-臭氧和紫外-空气三种工艺的降解效果。结果表明:紫外-微臭氧工艺对水中持久性有机物的降解过程符合一级动力学反应。对于邻氯对硝基苯胺的3种初始浓度0.625,1.32,3.125 mg/L,紫外-微臭氧去除率分别达71.4%、78.8%、54.5%,降解效果低于紫外-臭氧工艺,但远好于其余三种工艺。紫外-微臭氧工艺的去除效果受到初始浓度,叔丁醇和初始pH值的影响。初始浓度在1.32 mg/L时去除率最高,初始浓度不应过高或者过低。加入叔丁醇使得去除率下降13%³1%。随着pH由4增加到9,去除率逐渐升高,较高的pH值有利于反应的进行。     

紫外-微臭氧处理饮用水中有机优先污染物

城市自来水水质下降,研究开发给水深度处理技术刻不容缓。本文采用新型紫外—微臭氧工艺处理自来水中常见的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、邻－二氯苯、对－二氯苯、1,2,4－三氯苯和六氯苯等6种优先污染物。处理结果表明,与紫外—臭氧工艺相比,本项技术作为自来水深度净化手段,具有效果基本相等,设备大幅度简化,运行费用低廉,更易于推广的优点。光化学氧化,紫外微臭氧,优先污染物,饮用水处理     

微污染饮用水生物过滤影响因素的研究

通过试验探讨了过滤介质、空床接触时间、水温和反冲洗方式对生物过滤去除有机物的影响。试验结果表明 :活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的去除效果比无烟煤、石英砂组成的双层滤料滤池和单层石英砂滤料滤池好 ;在一定的范围内 ,随着接触时间或水温的增加 ,各滤柱对高锰酸盐指数的去除率增加 ;加氯水反冲洗方式对生物滤池去除高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的影响比未加氯水反冲洗方式大     

微污染水源水作为饮用水处理工艺设计研究

目前,中国大部分自来水厂仍采用混凝、沉淀、过滤、消毒的传统工艺作为饮用水处理工艺,这对处理较清洁原水是有效的,但对于被污染的原水,处理效果很不理想。针对目前水源水质污染状况,本文对微污染水源水采用生物预处理＋常规工艺＋臭氧活性炭深度处理组合工艺进行了设计研究。     

二氧化氯、臭氧是杀菌、消毒、漂白的最佳选择

阐述了二氧化氯、臭氧的结构与性能 ,并用大量实验数据对比二氧化氯、臭氧与其它化学物质的杀菌能力、消毒净化能力、漂白能力 ,实践证明 :二氧化氯、臭氧是优良的杀菌剂、消毒剂和漂白剂 ,是真正的绿色药物     

预臭氧化对二级出水微滤过程中膜有机物污染的影响

在二级出水溶解性有机物（secondary effluent organic matter,EfOM）的微滤过程中,多种因素均与膜的有机污染相关,比如总有机物的含量,溶解性有机物的亲疏水性组成等.本文主要研究了在二级出水微滤过程中溶解性有机物的膜污染,以及预臭氧化对二级出水溶解性有机物性质的影响进而对膜有机污染的影响....     

水质对UV/H_2O_2降解2,4-二氯酚的影响

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响。结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效的去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8mg/L,1个30W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.0232/min和0.0162/min;NO3-、Cl-、HCO3-对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用;当3种离子浓度为0.5mmol/L、10mmol/L、20mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO3->NO3->Cl-;随着离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强;自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应的进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解氧化受到抑制。     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

载2,4-DCP粉末活性炭微波再生的影响因素

2,4-DCP(2,4-二氯苯酚)是一种具有代表性的氯酚类化合物,在我国和欧美等国的饮用水水质标准中,氯酚类化合物都被列为优先控制污染物。实验以2,4-DCP溶液作为给水中难降解有机物的模拟水样,使用粉末活性炭(PAC)对其吸附至饱和后进行微波辐照再生,探讨了影响活性炭再生效果的诸多因素。以N2为载气的正交实验结果表明:在微波功率为800 W,再生时间为3 min,载气流量为0.6 L/min的控制条件下可得到最佳的再生效果;另选CO2为载气对活性炭再生进行比照实验,结果表明CO2载气的再生效果略优于N2,具有活化作用。     

五氯苯酚与邻氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚对斑马鱼的联合毒性

在五氯苯酚(PCP)与邻氯苯酚(2-CP)和2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)3种物质单一毒性试验结果的基础上,按照等毒性单位设计,采用相加指数法,对五氯苯酚(PCP)与邻氯苯酚(2-CP)或2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)以及这3种物质共存对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)的联合毒性进行了试验研究.结果表明,邻氯苯酚(2-CP)和2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)与五氯苯酚的联合毒性效应均表现为协同作用,使五氯苯酚的毒性剧增.由于邻氯苯酚或2,4-二氯苯酚的存在以及3种物质共存,使五氯苯酚对斑马鱼的48 h LC50由原来的0.102 mg/L,分别下降到0.031,0.029及0.022 mg/L.因此可见,水体污染评价目前只考虑单一毒物的影响还远远不够,由此制定的控制标准对水体的保护不利,必须从联合毒性的角度对水质污染进行综合评价.      

Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by sequential use of UV and ozone

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water.     

Degradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water by ozone oxidation

The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated. A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model. With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of BPA (bisphenol A) could be measured up to 70%, 82%, and 90% when the dosages of ozone were 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/L, respectively. The impacts on BPA degradation under the conditions of different ozone dosages, water background values, BPA initial concentrations, and ozone adding time were analyzed. The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation, while the impact of the contact time could be ignored. UV wavelength scanning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced, which could be absorbed at UV254. The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process. Based on the change of UV254, it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage, while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage, high ozone dosage, and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation. The effects of applied H₂O₂ dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study. The O₃-H₂O₂ processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 294–299 [译自: 环境科学]     

Comparison of degradation reactions of Acid Yellow 61 in both oxidation processes of H2O2/UV and O3

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｌｏｒｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓｉｎｄｙｅｉｎｇｅｆｆｌｕｅｎｔｓｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｃａｕｓｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｙｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓａｒｅｈｉｇｈｌｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ (Ｈａｍｚａ ,1980 ;Ｇｉｎｏｃｃｈｉｎｉｏ ,1984 ;ＭａＫａｙ ,1980 ) .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｅ…     

纳米Pd/Fe双金属对2,4-二氯酚的脱氯机理及动力学

采用纳米Pd Fe双金属对2,4 二氯酚(2,4 DCP)进行了催化还原脱氯处理.结果表明,纳米Pd Fe双金属具有较高的比表面积和反应活性,对2,4 DCP具有较好的脱氯效率.当纳米Pd Fe用量在6g·L-1时,2,4 DCP脱氯率达到90%以上;脱氯效率与pH值、温度、钯化率、Pd Fe投加量等因素有关.2,4 DCP在脱氯过程中先生成邻氯酚和对氯酚,而后继续脱氯生成苯酚,或由2,4 DCP直接降解成苯酚.2,4 DCP降解符合拟一级反应动力学.2,4 DCP催化还原脱氯反应的活化能为139 7kJ·mol-1.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

低浓度2,4-DCP对鲫鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响

 采用室内模拟方法,以2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)和小鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为实验材料,研究了0.1mg/L 2,4-DCP在不同暴露期内对鲫鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响.结果表明,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)对2,4-DCP非常敏感,在暴露第2天就受到极显著的诱导或抑制(P<0.01);还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量总体上被抑制;谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性整体上呈现轻微诱导趋势谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Se-GPx)活性先受抑制后被诱导;谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活性先被诱导,后降低到对照组水平.上述肝脏抗氧化酶指标可作为水生生态系统中2,4-DCP污染的生物监测指标.