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西宁地区环境有害元素砷汞含量及其防治对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对西宁地区自然环境(土壤、水体、农作物)中有害元素的调查分析表明,砷、汞含量水平相对较低,总体环境状况良好,局部土壤砷和汞的污染主要由人为活动(工业性大气降尘和农药、化肥施用等)所致。结合环境污染特点,探讨了砷、汞污染防治对策 相似文献
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成都平原农用土壤重金属污染现状及防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着工业化进程的加快和农业生产中化肥和农药不合理施用使得农用土壤重金属污染风险逐渐增大。本文对成都平原农用土壤和农作物重金属污染现状进行了综述,发现农用土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染均以Pb、Cd和Hg三种元素为主。分析了重金属离子在土壤一植物系统中迁移的一般规律及其影响因子,分析了农用土壤重金属污染的主要原因,为预防和防治污染提供了一些建议。 相似文献
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土壤-植物系统中磷和砷相互作用关系的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
砷元素导致的环境污染问题日益突出,施磷已成为植物修复砷污染土壤过程中必要强化措施之一。土壤-植物系统中磷和砷的相互作用关系是非常复杂的,研究表明:磷和砷在土壤中往往是共生的,但又存在竞争吸附关系;磷和砷在不同植物中的相互作用关系主要有拮抗效应和协同效应;有必要通过分子生物学手段对磷和砷表达基理进行深入研究,获得对砷具有超积累能力的植株。 相似文献
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农田砷污染是我国中南、西南稻作区面临的重要环境问题之一。水稻淹水种植条件下,土壤砷的溶解度较高,其移动性和生物有效性较大,水稻根系易吸收并向地上部转移砷。而在非淹水富氧条件下,土壤砷的移动性、生物有效性及稻米砷累积量显著降低。本文在综述水分管理影响水稻砷吸收基础上,提出:砷污染稻作区可通过水改旱、发展旱稻种植,显著降低土壤砷的生物有效性;在非淹水种植、降低土壤砷活性基础上,可通过筛选砷低吸收基因型旱稻,进一步控制水稻砷吸收和稻米砷累积,实现砷污染稻作区农产品质量安全保障与水危机缓解的双赢。目前,关于旱稻对砷的胁迫响应及对砷的吸收、转运与代谢研究鲜见报道,无疑,相关工作值得深入开展。 相似文献
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以广东某村庄为实例,介绍了农村土壤环境质量监测和评价方法。对该村庄菜地、基本农田、曾经污灌农田和怀疑受污染的农田土壤进行了12个样品砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、硒、锌等元素全量和六六六、滴滴涕等有机氯农药含量监测,并分别采取单因子指数法和综合污染指数法分析了该村土壤污染状况。该村土壤中铜、镉、砷、硒、锌和铅超过GB 15618—1995二级标准和环保部《全国土壤污染状况评价技术规定》评价标准,主要以铜、镉和砷污染为主,其超标率分别为75.0%、58.3%和58.3%;重污染土壤样品数占总监测样品数的41.7%,受中度污染的土壤样品数占25.0%,受轻度污染土壤样品数占8.3%,处于警戒水平的土壤样品占25.0%。不同类型土壤污染程度各异,其中曾经污灌的土壤和怀疑受污染的土壤铜、镉、砷、锌、硒、铅含量较高,基本农田土壤次之,菜地最低。 相似文献
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对保山市几个蔬菜生产集中地的土壤进行了调查、采样及样品分析,分析元素为重金属镉、汞、砷、铅、铬。结果表明,保山市几个主要蔬菜生产地土壤重金属根据单项和综合污染指数法判断都属安全,土壤本身对蔬菜生产不会产生污染危害。 相似文献
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为研究成都地区发生不同程度空气污染时,地面气象要素的搭配类型特征,基于成都地区2014~2016年多个逐日气象要素值(气温、气压、湿度等)和逐日AQI资料,对2014~2016年成都地区空气质量状况进行特征分析,并且通过TSI天气分型方法,并结合同期逐日空气质量资料探讨了四季不同天气类型下空气质量特征,主要结果为:(1)2014~2016年成都市总体空气质量夏秋季空气质量最佳,春季次之,冬季最差。(2)不同天气类型空气质量状况差异较大。春季3型和4型容易发生轻度污染;夏季1型和4型容易发生轻度污染;秋季3型容易出现轻度污染;冬季4型和5型天气下容易发生轻度污染以上的空气污染状况。研究为成都地区空气污染气象研究提供参考依据,也为空气污染预报提供一些借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Assessment of contamination from arsenical pesticide use on orchards in the Great Valley region, Virginia and West Virginia, USA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Robinson GR Larkins P Boughton CJ Reed BW Sibrell PL 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(3):654-663
Lead arsenate pesticides were widely used in apple orchards from 1925 to 1955. Soils from historic orchards in four counties in Virginia and West Virginia contained elevated concentrations of As and Pb, consistent with an arsenical pesticide source. Arsenic concentrations in approximately 50% of the orchard site soils and approximately 1% of reference site soils exceed the USEPA Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) screening guideline of 22 mg kg(-1) for As in residential soil, defined on the basis of combined chronic exposure risk. Approximately 5% of orchard site soils exceed the USEPA PRG for Pb of 400 mg kg(-1) in residential soil; no reference site soils sampled exceed this value. A variety of statistical methods were used to characterize the occurrence, distribution, and dispersion of arsenical pesticide residues in soils, stream sediments, and ground waters relative to landscape features and likely background conditions. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu were most strongly associated with high developed land density and population density, whereas elevated concentrations of As were weakly correlated with high orchard density, consistent with a pesticide residue source. Arsenic concentrations in ground water wells in the region are generally <0.005 mg L(-1). There was no spatial association between As concentrations in ground water and proximity to orchards. Arsenic had limited mobility into ground water from surface soils contaminated with arsenical pesticide residues at concentrations typically found in orchards. 相似文献
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成都平原西部土壤中镉的分布与镉污染 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文扼要概述了镉元素的生物地球化学特性,详述了成都平原西部土壤中镉元素分布及镉污染现状,并从地质地球化学的角度阐述了引起土壤中高镉的地质原因,提出了若干防治镉污染的措施和建议。 相似文献
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本文报告1986至1987年成都市土壤中天然放射性核素含量的调查方法和结果。全市共采集19个土壤样品,样品采集与分析按国家环保局《环境天然放射性水平调查规定》进行。结果表明,成都市土壤中放射性核素含量各测点平均值与面积加权平均值相吻合,其中总β为786.5Bq/Kg;1 m高处空气中的γ吸收剂量率为5.78×10-8Gy/h;238U,29.5Bq/Kg;232Th,45.7Bq/Kg;226Ra,36.0 Bq/Kg;40K,525.2Bq/Kg;137Cs,14.2Bq/Kg。成都市土壤中天然放射性核素含量比四川省和全国略低,但总体上处于同一水平。 相似文献
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Traditional agricultural practices enable sustainable remediation of highly polluted soils in Southern Spain for cultivation of food crops 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Madejón P Barba-Brioso C Lepp NW Fernández-Caliani JC 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(7):1828-1836
This study relates elemental content of a range of edible crops grown in soils severely polluted by metals and metalloids as affected by traditional smallholder management practices. Five agricultural plots close to a sulfidic waste dump were monitored. Soil analysis demonstrated elevated concentrations of As, Cu, Pb and Zn that were greatly in excess of maximum statutory limits for agricultural soils in the studied region. The main vegetables (lettuce, chard, onion, potatoes) and lemon, together with their associated soils, were measured for elemental content. Extractable soil element concentrations were very low. There were differences in elemental accumulation between crops, but none exceeded statutory concentrations in edible parts. Soil-plant transfer factors were uniformly low for all elements and crops. It is concluded that traditional soil management practices (annual liming and application of animal manures) have created conditions for sustainable long-term safety use, with potential for multiple end-use, of these highly polluted soils. 相似文献