涪陵市加强乡镇企业环境管理的体会

涪陵市位于长江、乌江汇合处，有“千里乌江第一城”之称，又是中外驰名的“榨菜之乡”。全市工业以建材（水泥）、食品加工、化工、轻纺为主。在改革开放的新形势下，涪陵市的乡镇企业得到较快发展，到1994年已有46290个．其中乡村两级企业达1642个，比1984年增加1007个，乡镇企业转移农村剩余劳动力12．54万人，乡镇企业年产值已达15．12亿元，比1984年增加1473亿元。经济的发展对环境造成了一定的冲击，但涪陵市采取措施，积极治理。据1994年统计，工业污水处理量为10。万吨，比1990年增加67万吨，处理率29.7％，比199O年增长161％。10…     

建设最好的环境造就城市的优势

近几年，凡是到过大连的人都不由得发出：大连生亮了、变绿了、变美了的赞叹。大连在国内外的知名度也随着城市的变化在迅速提高。大连市市长薄熙来曾说：“我们大连市要创造最好的城市环境．造就我们的优势，提高我们的知名度。”大连市正是从城市的建设和环境综合整治入手，改变城市面貌的，从而成为我国对外开放的一个重要窗口。一、苦干实干．绿化家园“苦于、实干、大干三年，美化城市．绿化家园。”这是3年前中共大连市委、大连市人民政府向全市人民发出的号召。那时，大连的农村至少还有宜林荒山4万多公顷。可3年后的今天、经过市、…     

统一规划集中控制防治结合

农村小城镇是城市联系农村的一条纽带．也是广大农村的政治、经济文化中心。小城镇的建设与开发对振兴农村经济有着重要的意义。近年来乡镇工业的蓬勃发展．一饬“面加速了小城镇的建设和农村经济的发展．另一方面也带来了农村的环境问题小城镇是人曰集中的地方和乡镇工业集中的地区．也是污染比较集中地区，吴县直镇在小城镇建设中统一规划、合理布局，集中控制．强化管理．防治结合·促进了环境保护和经济建设的协调发展．走出了一条小城镇环境综合整治的新路。一、统一规划合理布局吴县直镇是著名的江南水乡、文化古镇．在占地面积为1平…     

深化环境教育 提升『绿色』品位—湖南省长沙县职业中专学校创建绿色学校纪实

湖南省长沙县职业中专学校创办于1983年，座落在风景秀美的荆江之畔，占地21万平方米．建筑面积4万多平方米．开设有现代种植、现代养殖、建筑施工、计算机应用等10个专业．有教学班级52个，是一所以“面向农村，服务农民”为办学宗旨的农村综合性中等职业学校。     

小康村中话环保

随着农村经济改革的不断深化，一批现代、文明、富裕的社会主义新农村正在迅速崛起。在有中国中西部经济发展的“隆起带”和“发动机”美誉的河南省焦作市、农村经济发展走在了中西部的前列，涌现出近千个小康村，并且小康村的建设在逐步向工业化、现代化、城市化发展。目前，全市907个小康村中．社会总产值超千万元的有439个，其中超亿元的29个。河南省命名的26个明星村中，焦作市占8个。小康村的创建与乡镇企业的兴旺是分不开的。随着乡镇企业的发展，环境污染开始向广大农村地区蔓延，小康村在向城市化进程迈进中也出现了一些环境问题。…     

警惕城市主义——环境法与农民的权利

环境正义问题的出现,除了城乡有别的表面原因外,还有更深层的制度根源：农民与城市居民存在权利“落差”,几乎所有的农村环境问题都与农民权利的“虚置”、“空壳化“有关。只有真正确立农民的主体性地位,充分保障农民的各项权利．农村环保事业才会有根基,才能解决我国的城乡环境正义问题。     

塑造文明生产的企业形象

环境保护是我国的基本国策、消除污染保护环境不仅关系到子利、后代的幸福，也是企业发展兴亡的关键、因此．多年来我厂始终坚持“全面规划。合理布局．防治结合．化害为利”的方针。加强环境管理．走“预防为主．综合治理”的道路．控制和减少污染物的产生·取得了良上予的经济效益和社会效益。“六五”期间‘我厂每天排放各种污水2．36万吨．废气829立方米‘废渣总量144吨．对环境造成很大污梁。在“七五”和“’＼丘’期间‘我们对“三渣两水”．即浆渣、泥渣、漂份渣和白水、黑水逐步进行治理、治理总投资达到935万元。先后上了碱回收、…     

人与自然的和谐——丹麦人的环境意识

她坐在近岸海滩的一块石头上，披着一头美丽的长发，用一双深情的眸子凝视着大海，在沉思遥想。这就是“美人鱼”的故乡──哥本哈根。初来时，我被这里的众多自行车所不解，难道丹麦人不习惯享受现代交通工具？哥本哈根大学雕塑系的同室好友威廉·安德森自豪地向我介绍说：“自觉地注重环境保护已成为丹麦良好的社会风尚，丹麦农村建立的‘风车公园’最为典型。为减少对空气的污染，所以越来越多的人使用自行车。”他友善地提醒道：“丹麦人讲文明．爱护环境，不仅严以律已．同时还会‘殃及’他人。你若触犯公德一准会有‘好事者’与你理论…     

环境保护与中国可持续发展之路

江泽民同志在论述正确处理社会主义现代化建设中若干重大关系时．明确指出．“在现代化建设中．必须把实施可持续发展作为一个重大战略。要把控制人口、节约资源、保护环境放到重要的位置．使人口增长与社会生产力的发展相适应，使经济建设与资源、环境相协调，实现良性循球”。于1996年3月17日通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》也在其第九大部分中，明确提出“实施可持续发展战略，推动社会事业的全面发展”的目标，其中第二小部分的标题就是“环境和生态保护”。这标志着走可持续发展之路已被…     

环保建设热潮面前的战略与行动

前任政府总理李鹏同志在九届人大一次会议开始的时候．谈到：今年的“投资重点要用于加强农林水利建设，能源、交通、通信、环保等基础设施建设。”新任政府总理朱馆基同志在九届人大一次会议结束后，接受记者采访．阐述新政时又强调“要加强铁路、公路、农田水利、市政、环保等方面的基础设施建设。”两任总理，一前一后．尽管表达方式不同，但共同的一点都强调了加强环保基础设施建设的重要性。把环保基础设施建设作为国家宏观调控的支柱之一．提到显著的位置，这在我国经济建设史上是首开先河．表明了政府对改善环境质量的决心，也显示了…     

Levels of lead in blood in residents of Kuwait

Following an examination of blood samples from 1000 persons from Kuwait, a number of important differences in the levels of lead in the blood were noted. There were significant differences between the sexes living in the same residential area. Certain significant lead in blood differences were also found between females and males who dyed their hair, and between smokers and non-smokers. Lead in blood concentrations were also tested for the various blood groups of the respondents. It was noted that O⁺ blood group respondents were found to have higher lead levels than those of other major blood groups.     

Closure of Disputes in Assessments of Climate Change in The Netherlands

2 greenhouse gases in assessment studies. For the cases studied, we identify variability in the assessment reports in the Netherlands during the pre-IPCC period. In the Netherlands arena, the assessments in this period can be seen as exponents of two different lines, a Netherlands line and an international line. We seek to identify what factors were decisive in the selection processes that resulted in the closure of visible disputes (visible in or across the assessment reports) for both cases. Our analysis reveals a remarkable difference in the adoption behavior of two Dutch assessment groups despite a large overlap in membership. We provide evidence that it is not the paradigmatic predisposition of the experts in the committee that was decisive for the closure of visible disputes, but it was the context in which the experts operated and the commitments they had made in each setting.     

生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展

有机氯农药是高残留农药，进入生物体后会长期残留，对生物体产生危害。近年来，生物体中的有机氯农药的研究越来越引起各国环境化学家、生态学家的重视，渐渐成为环境化学、生态毒理学研究的热点之一。本文总结了近年来国际上有关生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展情况，以及所取得的主要研究成果。     

Assessment of flooding impacts in terms of sustainability in mainland China

An understanding of flood impact in terms of sustainability is vital for long-term disaster risk reduction. This paper utilizes two important concepts: conventional insurance related flood risk for short-term damage by specific flood events, and long-term flood impact on sustainability. The Insurance Related Flood Risk index, IRFR, is defined as the product of the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) and Vulnerability. The Long-term Flood Impact on Sustainability index, LFIS, is the ratio of the flood hazard index to the Sustainable Development Index (SDI). Using a rapid assessment approach, quantitative assessments of IRFR and LFIS are carried out for 2339 counties and cities in mainland China. Each index is graded from ‘very low’ to ‘very high’ according to the eigenvalue magnitude of cluster centroids. By combining grades of FHI and SDI, mainland China is then classified into four zones in order to identify regional variations in the potential linkage between flood hazard and sustainability. Zone I regions, where FHI is graded ‘very low’ or ‘low’ and SDI is ‘medium’ to ‘very high’, are mainly located in western China. Zone II regions, where FHI and SDI are ‘medium’ or ‘high’, occur in the rapidly developing areas of central and eastern China. Zone III regions, where FHI and SDI are ‘very low’ or ‘low’, correspond to the resource-based areas of western and north-central China. Zone IV regions, where FHI is ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ and SDI is ‘very low’ to ‘low’, occur in ecologically fragile areas of south-western China. The paper also examines the distributions of IRFR and LFIS throughout mainland China. Although 57% of the counties and cities have low IRFR values, 64% have high LFIS values. The modal values of LFIS are ordered as Zone I < Zone II ≈ Zone III < Zone IV; whereas the modal values of IRFR are ordered as Zone I < Zone III < Zone IV < Zone II. It is recommended that present flood risk policies be altered towards a more sustainable flood risk management strategy in areas where LFIS and IRFR vary significantly, with particular attention focused on Zone IV regions, which presently experience poverty and a deteriorating eco-system.     

生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的应用

在分析县域可持续发展指标体系特点的基础上,从生态功能区划依据的原则、目标等方面,深入论述了生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的三方面作用,提出了应用生态功能区划结果对某一区域内不同县域的可持续发展状况分类别进行评价的观点。     

攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤Zn污染调查研究

根据各水果、蔬菜基地的分区定点采样结果的对比分析,研究了四川省攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤中Zn含量。结果表明,该区土壤Zn平均值范围在75．0～160mg／kg之间。各基地土壤平均锌含量顺序为：撒莲蔬菜基地〉攀莲蔬菜基地〉会理石榴基地〉大田石榴基地〉西区芒果、桂圆基地〉仁和芒果基地〉盐边芒果、枇杷基地。7个基地中有3个基地的土壤锌含量不同程度超过土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准,其中以大田石榴基地超标最高（16％）,平均值却是两个蔬菜基地最高。     

铜陵铜官山矿区土壤重金属污染状况研究

通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了铜陵铜官山铜矿区土壤重金属含量,并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对铜官山土壤污染程度进行评价.研究结果表明,研究区土壤Cu、Zn、As、Hg平均含量高于当地的土壤背景值,土壤已受Cu、Zn、As重污染,受Hg轻污染.不同样点土壤重金属含量存在较大差异,其中处于选矿厂附近的9到16号样点土壤重金属污染情况较其它样点相对较重,15和16号样点的重金属单项污染指数和综合污染指数都很高,污染状况在所有样点中最为严重.     

Role of Wild Game in the Diet of Recreationists in South Carolina

Risk assessors have devoted considerable attention to the consumption of fish in the diet of recreational and subsistence anglers, but little attention has been directed toward the percentage that wild game contributes to total protein intake for people who engage in hunting and fishing. While recall studies have limitations, the relative errors should be similar for different types of fish and game. We interviewed 454 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in South Carolina to determine their consumption patterns of domesticated animals, fish (both wild-caught and commercial) and wild game. The percentage of people who consumed each type of meat was: chicken (98%); beef (95%); wild-caught fish (79%); deer (79%); restaurant fish (73%); pork (71%); dove (47%); commercial fish (41%); wild turkey (40%), duck, squirrel and self-caught quail (about 25% each); restaurant quail (10%); and raccoon (11%). Although a similar proportion of white respondents and black respondents consumed wild game overall (90%), there were ethnic differences in the number of meals of wild-caught fish and game. Black respondents ate more wild-caught fish, rabbit, raccoon and squirrel, and less deer, than did white respondents. Wild-caught fish and game made up 50% of the meat and fish diet of black sportsmen, but only 32% for whites. Wild-caught fish and game were being eaten disproportionately more by low-income black respondents, while more deer was consumed by higher-income black respondents. The data suggest that managers and planners should take into account age, ethnicity and income when (1) conducting exposure assessments, (2) considering consumption patterns for wild-caught fish and game and (3) managing risk from wild-caught fish and game. The data will be especially useful to policy makers and risk managers who are designing consumption advisories, for risk communicators in identifying the target audience and for managers designing long-term stewardship for sites with contamination.     

高校参与社区精神文明建设的思考

高等院校汇集了多方面的人才,是社会主义精神文明建设的重要阵地。如何发挥其优势为社区精神文明建设服务?本文从多方面论述了高校主动参与社区精神文明建设的指导思想、意义、优势、思路和途径。     

国土资源开发利用的综合效益分析

用定量与定性相结合的方法 ,系统分析了国土资源在开发过程中所表现出来的各种社会、经济和生态方面的数量关系和指标 ,并用经济学的基本模型 ,从国土资源开发的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益上总结了这种关系。最后提出了国土资源开发利用的综合效益就是社会效益、经济效益、生态效益的统一 ,经济效益是社会效益和生态效益基础的观点。