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《环境工程学报》2016,(8)
选择性催化还原(SCR)系统均匀喷氨后,空气预热器易出现堵塞,并且出口在线检测位置不具代表性。为此,根据国内典型SCR系统建立等尺寸的物理结构模型,利用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对烟道与装置内烟气分布、烟气与NH3的混合、压降分布及其原因进行分析,并对导流板的结构进行优化。同时,通过与现场实测入口速度、压降值的对比,论证了数值模型的准确性。结果表明,烟道缩放区域导流板促使烟气均匀分布的同时也使烟气产生倾斜的流动惯性,这使得喷氨格栅(AIG)区域的速度偏差过大,导致了烟气与NH3混和的不均匀,是氨逃逸率高与出口NOx不均匀的首要原因;优化的导流板结构消除了烟气倾斜的流动惯性,进一步促进了AIG区域与催化剂上层烟气的均匀分布以及烟气与NH3的均匀性混合。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2017,(5)
某新建活性焦联合脱硫脱硝脱汞反应塔在试运行过程中运行阻力大,且脱硫脱硝效率较低。为提升反应塔的性能,以原设备为几何模型,采用CFD方法进行模拟优化。针对影响设备压降和脱硫性能的入口气流均匀性问题,模拟对比了4种导流板方案,考察板间距和圆弧板半径对气流均布的影响。同时为提高喷氨均匀性,结合烟气在过渡气室的流动情况提出了2种喷氨格栅加密方案。模拟结果表明:板间距和圆弧板半径都相同的导流板方案均布气流的效果最好,烟气在活性焦脱硫层的气流均匀性提升了11.48%,同时设备的压降降低了451 Pa。合理的喷氨格栅加密方案使氨气分布均匀性提升了34.88%。反应塔的压降模拟结果与现场实测数据吻合较好,模拟结果对设备的优化设计和实际运行有指导作用。 相似文献
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采用CFD数值模拟方法对某电厂400 MW机组烟气脱硝装置流场进行了诊断,分析了导致效率低、烟道积灰以及空预器磨损等问题的具体原因,之后对此脱硝装置流场进行优化。优化结果表明:在省煤器出口水平扩张段烟道增设导流板,消除了该区域的大范围涡流,有利于减轻烟道积灰,并使喷氨区域烟气速度分布均匀;将喷氨混合装置改成喷氨格栅+圆盘混合器型式,强化了氨氮混合,使首层催化剂入口氨浓度分布均匀性得到显著改善,有利于提高脱硝效率、降低氨逃逸率;在空预器上游烟道增设导流装置,提高了空预器烟气速度分布均匀性,有利于解决空预器磨损问题。通过流场优化后,提高了此脱硝装置脱硝效率,减轻和消除了烟道积灰及空预器磨损。 相似文献
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电除尘器进气烟箱参数对气流分布影响的仿真研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
电除尘器进气烟箱结构参数不仅对除尘器内部气流分布的均匀性产生重要影响,而且还会影响除尘效率和排放指标。针对电除尘器进气烟箱结构参数选取与气流分布均匀性问题,采用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型,对进气烟箱扩散角,气流分布板孔形、开孔率和导流板角度等参数,进行了三维流场模拟仿真计算,获得各参数对气流均匀性的影响关系规律。仿真结果表明:方形孔的气流分布板能获得较佳的气流分布均匀性;合理调节进气烟箱扩散角、开孔率和导流板角度可有效地改善电场内气流分布状况。研究结果可为电除尘器进气烟箱的设计与改进提供依据。 相似文献
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为了改善选择性催化还原法(SCR)催化剂上游烟气的流场、温度场和浓度场分布,基于CFD仿真分析技术,建立了整个脱硝系统三维模型,并通过优化导流板及整流格栅,使得速度标准偏差、浓度标准偏差、温度偏差、速度偏转角以及压降等性能指标都满足设计要求,在满足脱硝效率和氨逃逸率前提下,大大降低了烟气对催化剂层的冲刷,保证催化剂的使用寿命。最后,为了合理布置吹灰器,对优化结构下粉尘颗粒在烟道内的运动情况进行了仿真分析研究,为设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染 相似文献
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Janusz A. Pudykiewicz Anna S. Koziol 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):5541
The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing. 相似文献
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Árpád Ambrus 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):435-442
Abstract A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits. 相似文献
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介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠 相似文献
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活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25~30 V,进水pH值6.5~7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。 相似文献
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以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径<1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径. 相似文献
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不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。 相似文献
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Volker Berding Stefan Schwartz Michael Matthies 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(1):37-43
The interdependencies of parameters applied in the models of EUSES are visualised in a directed connectivity graph. The parameters
(inputs, defaults, state variables, outputs) are represented by boxes (nodes) and their relations by lines (edges). The visualisation,
on the one hand, clarifies the complexity of the models in EUSES and, on the other hand, creates an overview and transparency.
The parameters’ relations to each other can be recognised faster, and the models can be better understood. The complexity
was quantified by the number (variety), kind (substance parameter, physico-chemical parameter, concentration, other parameters),
and depth (dimension) of the parameter and the number of relations (connectivity). The variety of EUSES (without the modelsSimple Treat andSimple Box whose interior structure is not documented and without the effect and risk characterisation) amounts to 466, the connectivity
to 961, and the maximal dimension is 21. 相似文献