用子波组合模拟冲击环境

本文说明采用子波组合,在数控振动台上,模拟以冲击响应谱为试验条件的瞬态冲击环境的试验方法。     

振动时间—温度谱的编制

本文阐述了振动时间—温度谱的统计计算方法和实施情况。 飞机结构和机载设备的高、低、室温正弦扫频振动时间谱,是运用“状态归纳法”对战斗机在使用寿命期内的训练使用和战斗使用进行编谱的一种方法。该法考虑了飞行大纲中全部飞行状态,如实地反映了战斗机的实际使用情况。 按照上述时间—温度谱编制的正弦扫频振动试验大纲,在实验室里对飞机试件进行试验,在实践中证明了它的可行性。     

GJB4．7—83“舰船电子设备环境试验振动试验”和MIL—STD-167—1A“舰船设备的机械振动（Ⅰ类-环境振动）”的分析与对比

设备的振动试验不仅涉及到设备共振频率（或响应极值频率）和设备功能或结构完整性受影响的非响应极值频率（如任何出现结构、功能、机械或电气异常的频率）的确定,还有耐久试验频率及适当试验时间的选择。本文在对国军标GIB4．7-83誓舰船电子设备环境试验振动试验”与美军标MILSTD-167—1A“舰船设备的机械振动（Ⅰ类-环境振动）”比较和分析的基础上,提出了GJB47—83修订的必要性。     

环境试验剪裁技术在特殊环境机电产品开发中应用的实例分析

本文针对耐氟利昂电机、大型直流推进电机及寒带用大型电铲等特殊环境下应用的机电产品研制开发情况应用环境试验“剪裁”这一新的概念来进行分析,说明“剪裁”在耐环境适应性和可靠性质量、缩小研制周期和费用等方面的应用前途,可供有关部门采用环境试验“剪裁”应用方法时的参考。     

电动汽车用电机及其控制器振动试验方法的探讨

振动试验是汽车产品设计验证和质量检验重要试验方法。本文主要从试验标准、试验条件、振动试验中主要参数的计算推导及应用、试验工装的设计、试验中应注意的问题等方面对电动汽车电机及其控制器的振动试验进行介绍。     

振动试验的控制策略

振动试验的试验控制策略的制订可以贯彻试验效果的取向。本文为振动试验方法标准的使用者提供了制订振动试验控制策略的技术要素和背景资料。     

基于LMS Test.Lab的振动试验中断处理方法研究

当前产品振动试验中断处理方法主要依据GJB 150A和MIL-STD-810G标准,但是该标准只涉及一般性处理要求,缺乏具体的处理细节和注意事项,导致实用性降低。因此,本文针对基于LMS Test. Lab的电动振动试验系统,详细研究了振动试验中典型的中断处理方法。首先分析了LMS振动控制采集分析软件和振动台系统的组成和工作原理,然后归纳总结了振动试验常见的中断原因和通用处理方法,最后从软件异常、硬件故障和人因中断等三方面分析研究了振动试验中断处理方法,有助于指导设计和试验人员快速有效处理振动试验中断问题,缩短停机时间,降低试验风险,同时为军民产品振动环境与可靠性试验大纲制定提供了参考。     

分解子系统机械阻抗等效振动试验

本文根据系统振动传递原理,论述了分解子系统振动试验的理论根据、分解子系统的方法、子系统阻抗等效振动试验的各种类型及分解子系统阻抗等效振动试验的优点.     

东菱振动为“天宫一号”做振动试验

9月29日,中国首个空间实验室“天宫一号”目标飞行器成功发射,而“天宫一号”发射成功的背后也倾注了全国振动试验领域知名企业——苏州东菱振动试验仪器有限公司。     

基于SVM的振动试验状态验证算法

随着科技日益发展,客户对产品的交付周期与质量要求越来越高。尤其是军工装备产品,需通过试验保证其可靠性。这些试验通常耗时、开销大。在装备修理中,环境试验常被用来筛选产品的可靠性。主要包含高低温试验与振动试验。本文针对振动试验,设计了一种可用于多种产品参数、复杂产品种类的振动状态检测验证算法。在振动试验时,不同种产品的重量不同,振动工装夹具也不同,产品的振动频谱复杂多变。因此自动化振动试验状态判断不易实现。本文提出一种基于SVM算法的振动状态检测方法,并对不同产品、不同试验状态进行试验状态验证算法的研究。     

外场可靠性试验技术方法研究

介绍了外场可靠性试验的特点,概括总结了进行外场装备可靠性评价时应注意的几个方面。针对外场任务和系统级可靠性试验都属于可修复系统,重点分析了设备级以上可靠性数据处理方法,提出建立R.M.S数据库时应考虑的两个因素,即与寿命有关的可靠性增长分析以及DT和OT数据的合并,指出今后应建立适合外场数据特点的实用模型和方法,从而获得更准确的可靠性数据。     

大型防水试验设备的优化设计及研制

介绍了可满足GJB 150及MIL-STD-810F等军用标准的大型防水试验设备的设计要求以及试验设备的主要组成。重点分析了出水喷嘴的优化设计、喷嘴点阵的空间布置和试验用水循环系统流程设计等,提出了喷嘴压力实时测量、试验台自动升降等动态闭环控制方法。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

DDSC振动控制器的功能、指标及技术分析

DDSC（双数据处理振动控制器）系统是美国Dactron公司90年代研制的用于振动试验控制的新型振动控制器，具有硬件可靠，指标先进，功能完善的特点，在振动控制中具有很高的实用性和性价比，本文从使用的角度对其功能和技术特点进行展开分析。     

一种新型周浸循环腐蚀试验箱的研制

本文介绍了研制的一种新型周浸循环腐蚀试验箱,该试验机采用可编程控制器控制试验箱的运行,实现了对试验条件的自动高精度控制,同时还能对试验数据进行自动采集和记录,大大提高了设备的运行稳定性,试验数据的可重复性好。本文主要对该试验机的组成、主要控制原理做了简单介绍。     

一种基于分布式结构的半实物仿真测试环境设计

半实物仿真技术广泛用于航空航天,通信,军事等领域,对于验证嵌入式软件的可靠性提供了有利的依据。针对分布式和可扩展的测试需求,提出了一种基于分布式结构的半实物仿真测试环境设计,并且讨论了该测试环境中测试脚本、控制器、软设备等关键部分的设计方法,最后将该系统与现有半实物测试环境进行对比并进行了总结。     

农业水资源价值计算方法研究

农业水资源价值的计算对灌区农业用水价格的制定具有重要的意义,同时也可用于对农业用水向其它类型用水转移时所受的经济损失进行估算。因此,当前将农业用水当作商品并计算其价值逐渐成为热点,尤其是在发展中国家的大型灌区和干旱、半干旱地区。对农业水资源价值的计算方法进行了综述,总结了农业水资源价值计算的两种方法,并列举了具体的计算模型和公式,提出了农业水资源价值计算中应考虑的问题,为进一步研究农业水资源价值提供参考。     

HYDROLOGIC DATA ACQUISITION AM) THE INSTRLMENTATION GAP1

Any scheme for developing our water resources must eventually focus on the hydrologic theme for answers to pressing questions about anticipated availability of water. These answers will only be as realistic as the data is reliable, inferring accuracy as well as sufficiency. To that effect, more hydrologic and meteorologic data collection stations must be added to the existing network throughout the country, and the basic instrumentation presently in use should be made more versatile, but without an accompanying near-astronomical increase in cost and in complexity. The ubiquitous so-called current meters are a case in point. Current meters have almost certainly received more man-hours of use in the field of Water Resources than any other instrument ever devised to measure stream velocity. In spite of more esoteric equipment appearing on the specialized market each year, the time-honored method of stream gaging by the velocity-area method is still widely practiced, and the basic instrument remains the current meter. The same persistent use is essentially true for the anemometer, or “wind current meter.” Over the past 30 years, a great many studies have been made to define operational parameters, particularly with respect to the statistics of data reliability. Today's needs are different from those acceptable a few years back, yet in many instances yesterday's instrument can be metamorphosed to satisfy present practice. Besides a discussion of some of the fundamental problems of data collection which must be accounted for in all areas of water resources where water and air currents must be known in space and in time, the authors present a brief critique of several new hybrid types of current meters. Two of these meters were designed especially to fill the gap between sophisticated and specialized equipment of high cost, and relatively inexpensive simpler devices lacking however the advantages of automation and self-recording features. Since the mechanical performance of current meters has been the subject of many past studies fully reported in various professional journals, it appeared advantageous to develop electronic refinements on such a type of widely used instrument. A period of research, first at Washington State University and presently at Clarkson College of Technology, produced two electronic packages applicable to current meters. The rationale of these studies was to increase the usefulness of current meters by providing velocity readout, either instantaneous or time-averaged; to include data recording on tape if and when such would be desired, together with the necessary playback facility; and to keep the electronic system independent of the current meter size. The paper describes in some detail the photo-electronic tachometer which seems to offer more reliability and flexibility of operation than induction-type transducers. One of the features most worthy of consideration is the adaptability of such device to any size of current meter frame and vanes. The rotation of an impeller one-half inch in diameter is recorded by the instrument as faithfully as that of one six inches in diameter. Where velocity transients are to be observed, the advantages of a greatly reduced inertia are evident. The inherent ruggedness of low current drain transistors and integrated circuits should make this light-actuated meter readout device well-suited for remote applications.     

关于水中总α总β放射性测量监测方法改进的探讨

目前国内关于水中总α、总β放射性测量相关标准还不够细化,操作规程在一些细节方面还存在部分问题,为减小实验误差,提高实验准确度,对监测方法进行了改进.对前期水中总α、总β放射性监测的实验过程进行经验总结,对实验条件进行优化改进,通过回收率和准确度对实验结果进行验证.对水中总α、总β放射性监测实验过程中的水样放置时间、蒸发...     

矿业环境治理的经济学分析

当前，我国矿山环境问题突出。重点分析了矿山开采环境问题的特殊性，这些特殊性包括矿业对地域区位的依赖性、破坏的大量不确定性以及不可逆性。根据特殊性，讨论了环境经济学的适用性。不确定问题转化为确定性问题或者风险问题依赖于技术层面学科（如矿山环境影响评价和矿山环境地质学等）的支撑。最后指出随着这些技术学科的发展，矿山环境问题就会更精确地纳入成本——效益分析框架，从而发挥更大的作用。     

THE EFFECT OF DATA INDEPENDENCE IN MODEL CALIBRATION AND MODEL TESTING1

ABSTRACT: With the increased use of models in hydrologic design, there is an immediate need for a comprehensive comparison of hydrologic models, especially those intended for use at ungaged locations (i.e., where measured data are either not available or inadequate for model calibration). But some past comparisons of hydrologic models have used the same data base for both calibration and testing of the different models or implied that the results of model calibration are indicative of the accuracy at ungaged locations. This practice was examined using both the regression equation approach to peak discharge estimation and a unit hydrograph model that was intended for use in urban areas. The results suggested that the lack of data independence in the calibration and testing of regression equations may lead to both biased results and misleading statements about prediction accuracy. Additionally, although split-sample testing is recognized as desirable, the split-samples should be selected using a systematic-random sampling scheme, rather than random sampling, because random sampling with small samples may lead to a testing sample that is not representative of the population. A systematic-random sampling technique should lead to more valid conclusions about model reliability. For models like a unit hydrograph model, which are more complex and for which calibration is a more involved process, data independence is not as critical because the data fitting error variation is not as dominant as the error variation due to the calibration process and the inability of the model structure to conform with data variability.