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新西兰政府非常重视自然灾害的防御工作,国家设有民防部专门负责地震、洪水、火山、滑坡、土壤流失、海啸、风暴等灾害防御工作。各大区(相当于我国的省)和地方(相当于我国的市、县)三级都设有负责灾害防御的政府民防总指挥中心。 相似文献
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我国城市灾害预警系统建设的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市是人们赖以生存和发展的地方,是国家政治、经济及文化的中心。同时,城市是现今各种自然灾害的承载体。随着近些年自然灾害不断地增多,城市灾害预警系统变得越来越重要,它成为减少民众生命财产损失的一项十分有效的措施。我国的城市灾害预警系统已经初具雏形,在城市的防灾减灾方面发挥了重要作用。结合近些年我国城市灾害的特点,以及世界上一些灾害预警系统建设先行国家的经验,阐述城市灾害预警系统的概念、重要性及基本构成;同时针对我国城市灾害预警系统建设的现状、发展状况以及存在的问题,对我国城市灾害预警系统的建设和实施进行分析和讨论,并提供可行的建议。 相似文献
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在世界卫生组织泛美卫生组织的支持下,古巴科学院、公共卫生部、农业部、内务部、古巴红十字会、国家民防指挥部等联合召开第三届国际灾害大全,会议于1992年10月12日至15日在哈瓦那举行。目的是为在灾害情况下从事生命财产的环境保护的专家们提供交流经验 相似文献
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陈建民局长在2011年全国地震局长会暨党风廉政建设工作会议上指出,科学规划"十二五"时期的事业发展,按照"科学防灾、积极避灾"的要求,大力开展基础探测工作,加强抗震设防要求与行业抗震设计规范的衔接,强化监管,把防震保安工作纳入新农村建设,全面提升民居的抗震能力,实现有效减灾。 相似文献
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《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(2):103-121
If community disaster resilience is to mature into a robust and lasting area of research, methodologically facilitated dialogue between empirical observations and theory is necessary. However, methodological and empirical research has outpaced community disaster resilience theory. To address this gap, a theoretical framework called WISC is presented. WISC is named after four constructs of the framework: well-being, identity, services, and capitals. WISC relates the two concepts of community and infrastructure, broadly defined, to the four constructs it is named after. The 4 constructs are respectively defined by 29 variables. The broadest interpretation of WISC is that infrastructure supports and facilitates components of community within human settlements. Infrastructure is represented as combinations of capitals and services; community is represented by connections of identity and well-being. Ultimately, well-being of a community is dependent on that community's collective capital. But these two constructs are mediated by the intervening constructs of identity and services. WISC goes beyond existing frameworks by addressing essential elements of theory building that have been overlooked in the literature, while synthesizing other frameworks and areas of knowledge. WISC provides a powerful foundation for posing and evaluating hypotheses, improving data collection efforts, and, most importantly, enabling critical theory building. 相似文献
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Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts. 相似文献
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This paper examines the influence of a series of demographic and socioeconomic factors on preparedness outcomes for a sample of residents of the Rio Grande Valley in the southernmost part of Texas, United States. Data were collected as part of the regional Pulse of the Valley Study, a general social survey of south Texas residents conducted by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Texas‐Rio Grande Valley. The purpose of this investigation is to understand better the effects of ethnicity and income on preparedness within a region of the US that suffers from widespread poverty and limited infrastructure and is prone to flooding and hurricanes. Taken together, the results suggest that while age, disaster experience, and income are associated with preparedness, the relationship between preparedness and ethnicity remains complex. Furthermore, policymakers should consider initiatives that address the socioeconomic and other issues that shape preparedness for a disaster. 相似文献
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Immediate behavioural responses to earthquakes in Christchurch,New Zealand,and Hitachi,Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Michael K. Lindell Carla S. Prater Hao Che Wu Shih‐Kai Huang David M. Johnston Julia S. Becker Hideyuki Shiroshita 《Disasters》2016,40(1):85-111
This study examines people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch and 332 respondents in Hitachi revealed notable similarities between the two cities in people's emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and immediate protective actions during the events. Respondents' physical, household, and social contexts were quite similar, but Hitachi residents reported somewhat higher levels of emotional reaction and risk perception than did Christchurch residents. Contrary to the recommendations of emergency officials, the most frequent response of residents in both cities was to freeze. Christchurch residents were more likely than Hitachi residents to drop to the ground and take cover, whereas Hitachi residents were more likely than Christchurch residents to evacuate immediately the building in which they were situated. There were relatively small correlations between immediate behavioural responses and demographic characteristics, earthquake experience, and physical, social, or household context. 相似文献