发展循环经济实现经济与环境的"双赢"

经济发展一方面为人类提供了空前丰富的物质产品,另一方面却生产出同样空前大量的废气、废水、废渣和噪声.要使经济发展与环境保护由对立走向统一,实现经济与环境的"双赢",必须大力发展循环经济.分析了经济发展与环境保护对立的表现,阐述了经济发展与环境保护如何从对立走向统一,如何实现"双赢".     

对完善废旧物资税收政政策的意见和建议

废旧物资税收政策是关系到再生资源行业和企业生存与发展的重要问题,也是目前在保持经济可持续发展和建设节约型社会新形势下,政府机关主管部门和相关企业高度关注的一个重要问题.     

湿烟囱内衬防腐材料的选择

对国内湿烟囱防腐中应用较多的材料的化学成分、耐酸腐蚀性能、物理性能、焊接性能进行了比较分析,认为从技术角度而言,镍基合金优于钛金属.     

黄河三门峡段基于马尔科夫模型的水质预测

水质变化趋势预测是维护和管理当前水质状况的重要依据,影响水质的有物理学、化学、水力学、生物学、气象学以及人类活动等多方面的因素,在时间和空间上存在相当多的影响变量.现有的基于数学表达式的水质预测模型很难将这些因素都考虑进去,而且预测的是一个具体的数值.利用马尔可夫链预测水质所处状态概率,实质上是预测水质指标带有一定置信水平的置信区间,在可以完全满足实际需要的前提下,扩大了预测的范围,相对地提高了预测的精确度.介绍了马尔科夫模型的基本原理,并且将其应用到黄河三门峡河段的水质预测中,总体效果基本满意.     

“植筋技术”及其在脱硫烟道改造工程中的应用

提出了植筋技术在脱硫烟道改造、加固中所起的作用,阐述了植筋的工艺流程、施工要点及注意事项,认为植筋技术的应用和发展前景看好,其应用研究具有很高的实用价值.     

SNCR-SCR烟气脱硝技术及其应用

SNCR-SCR烟气脱硝技术是结合了SCR技术高效、SNCR技术投资省的特点而发展起来的一种新型、成熟的工艺.详细介绍了混合SNCR-SCR工艺的特点,并结合台湾某电厂的运行资料,将这种工艺与单一SCR和SNCR工艺进行了技术经济比较.     

国务院办公厅关于转发发展改革委等部门促进扩大内需鼓励汽车家电以旧换新实施方案的通知：促进扩大内需鼓励汽车、家电“以旧换新”实施方案

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：发展改革委、财政部、商务部、工业和信息化部、环境保护部《促进扩大内需鼓励汽车、家电“以旧换新”实施方案》已经国务院同意，现转发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。     

天津滨海英驰集团被南开区政府授予2007年度重点企业称号

2008年2月22日下午,预备役高炮师举行合成党委全体（扩大）会议。天津市委副书记、市长、预备役高炮师党委第一政委黄兴国出席会议并讲话。天津市委常委、警备区司令员王小京,警备区政委谢建华,天津市委常委、常务副市长杨栋梁出席会议。     

战略环评与流域水电规划环评实践

简要介绍了战略环评在国内外的发展过程,论述了战略环评的概念和研究思路.在此基础上,针对目前云南省广泛开展的水电开发活动,论述了其带来的环境影响.根据云南省内几条流域水电开发的环评实践,提出了流域水电开发环评应关注的重点,包括相关部门的协调和正确掌握环评政策,关注流域水电建设可能对环境产生的累积影响,有效保护以鱼类为主的水生生物,确定流域的最小生态流量,重视公众参与等.     

湿式石灰石/石膏法烟气脱硫帮助系统的开发研究

为帮助工程技术人员全面掌握湿式石灰石/石膏法烟气脱硫技术,开发了湿法烟气脱硫帮助系统软件,该软件以Visual Basic 6.0作为开发平台,Access数据库为开发工具,实现了知识查询及知识库管理、维护等功能.     

Temporal Trends in Mercury Accumulation in Lake Sediments in Sweden

Lake sediment cores were analyzedto study the history of mercury (Hg) pollution andparticularly to determine whether recent sedimentconcentrations have declined in response todeclining atmospheric deposition of Hg. Sedimentcores from 6 forest lakes distributed fromsouthern to northern Sweden and 3 northernmountain lakes were analyzed for Hg using CVAAS. A400 cm sediment profile from Måkevatten insouthwest Sweden indicates that the onset of Hgpollution occurred in the 18th century. Anindisputable increase in Hg concentrationsoccurred concurrent with the appearance ofspheroidal carbonaceous flyash particles (SCP)derived from fossil-fuel combustion, in themid-19th century. There is a strong correlationbetween Hg and SCP concentrations in the sedimentcores (r=0.67 to 0.91), which suggests a strongrelationship between historical Hg pollution andfossil fuel burning. In contrast to sediment corestaken in 1979, maximum Hg concentrations are nowobserved below the sediment surface and declinetowards the sediment surface. This study confirmsthat reductions in atmospheric deposition of Hgover Sweden have resulted in a decreased transferof total Hg to aquatic environments as reflectedby lake sediments, and that lake sediment profilesof Hg concentrations reflect relative trends inthe atmospheric deposition of Hg rather thanpost-depositional diagenetic processes.     

Elemental Concentration in Lichen in Western Anatolia

The deposition patterns of Mn, Fe, Cr, Sb, Zn and As wereinterpreted together with enrichment factor calculations. Samples collected around iron-steel plant had very high concentrations and EF values of Mn, Fe, Cr, Sb and Zn implying that these plants are serious pollution sources in the region. High As concentrations around the settlementareas showed that coal combustion is another important anthropogenic source in the region.     

Volumetric changes in landfill gas flux in response to variations in atmospheric pressure

This paper develops a quantitative model which attempts to relate volumetric changes in landfill gas emissions to variations in the surface atmospheric pressure. The model considers gas emissions as the sum of two terms, one constant over a period of weeks, and the other able to vary on a scale of hours. Results from computer simulations are given which indicate that the magnitude of the variable factor is proportional to the rate at which surface pressure is changing, rather than the actual value of the surface pressure.     

Variations in the Fluoride Level in Precipitation in a Region of Human Impact

The research concerns the Wielkopolski National Park (West Poland), which suffered a huge human impact in the 1970s and 1980s owing to the nearby location of an industrial plant. Since then, fundamental technological changes that it introduced into its production of phosphate fertilizers have radically reduced the amount of pollution emitted. A three-year study (2002–2004) of fluorides in precipitation in open terrain and under tree crowns showed their concentrations to range from levels below the detection limit (0.003 mg/l) to 0.560 mg/l. Those registered under tree crowns were several times higher and indicated substantial dry deposition of fluorides on the trees. The highest values were recorded in 2003, with 43% of samples ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/l, and with 51% of throughfall ranging from 0.10 to 0.50 mg/l. A strong connection was shown to exist between fluoride and sulphate concentrations in the precipitation. An analysis was made of the available data on F concentrations in the air and the dust levels around the factory, but these figures did not show an unequivocal effect on F concentrations in precipitation. A great similarity was found to occur between the fluoride content in rainwater in the Wielkopolski National Park and in the centre of the nearby Poznań metropolitan area, which indicates that there are also other F sources besides the local factory.     

Sulphate and Nitrate in Precipitation and Soil Water in Pine Forests in Latvia

The SO₄–S and NO₃–N concentrations and pH in bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and soil water for the 1994–2004 period were studied in pine forests in Latvia (Rucava and Taurene Integrated Monitoring stations). The SO₄–S and NO₃–N concentrations decreased over the study period, simultaneously with a decrease of acidity in precipitation. The changes were more evident in the western part of Latvia, probably due to declining long-range air pollution from West Europe. The trend of decreasing sulphate concentrations and increasing pH in precipitation were not followed by respective changes in soil water. In the upper soil horizon sulphate ion concentrations and acidity increased in soil water. Over the observation period, nitrate concentrations also showed an increasing trend in soil water at Rucava and Taurene, but these changes were not statistically significant.     

Difficulties in applying extended producer responsibility policies in developing countries: case studies in e-waste recycling in China and Thailand

Developing Asian countries have started to apply the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to electronics and electrical equipment waste (e-waste). This policy approach aims to give electronic appliance manufacturers and importers responsibility for the collection and recycling of discarded electronic equipment. China and Thailand have drafted regulations on the recycling of e-waste with common characteristics such as the financial responsibility of producers and subsidies for collection. Although the proposed system is sensible, taking into account the fact that e-waste is a market-traded commodity, there are two major difficulties in implementing EPR in developing countries. First, it may be difficult for governments to collect funds from producers or importers if smuggled, imitation, or small shop-assembled products have a large share in the market. Second, the system creates incentives for collectors and recyclers to over-report the amount of collected e-waste in order to gain extra subsidies from the fund. Other policy measures such as the enforcement of pollution control regulations on informal recyclers, the prevention of smuggling, and the protection of intellectual property rights should accompany EPR policies.     

Medical wastes characterisation in healthcare institutions in Mauritius

This study was initiated to characterize solid and liquid wastes generated in healthcare institutions and to provide a framework for the safe management of these wastes. The project was carried at three major medical institutions, namely, the Jeetoo Hospital, the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National (SSRN) Hospital and the Clinic Mauricienne. A waste audit carried out at these sites revealed that approximately 10% of solid wastes was hazardous in nature, consisting mainly of infectious, pathological and chemical wastes. The average amount of hazardous wastes per patient per day was found to be 0.072 kg at Jeetoo hospital, 0.091 kg at SSRN hospital and 0.179 kg at the clinic. The amount of hazardous wastes generated as a function of the number of occupied beds was found to follow a relationship of type y=0.0006x-0.19, where y was the amount of hazardous wastes generated per bed per day and x was the number of occupied beds. The waste quantifying process also revealed that at SSRN Hospital, 0.654 m(3) of water was being consumed per patient per day and the amount of wastewater produced was 500 m(3)/day. Further analysis revealed that the wastewater was polluting with chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)), total suspended solids (TSS) and coliform content well above permissible limits.     

Future trends in computer waste generation in India

The objective of this paper is to estimate the future projection of computer waste in India and to subsequently analyze their flow at the end of their useful phase. For this purpose, the study utilizes the logistic model-based approach proposed by Yang and Williams to forecast future trends in computer waste. The model estimates future projection of computer penetration rate utilizing their first lifespan distribution and historical sales data. A bounding analysis on the future carrying capacity was simulated using the three parameter logistic curve. The observed obsolete generation quantities from the extrapolated penetration rates are then used to model the disposal phase. The results of the bounding analysis indicate that in the year 2020, around 41–152 million units of computers will become obsolete. The obsolete computer generation quantities are then used to estimate the End-of-Life outflows by utilizing a time-series multiple lifespan model. Even a conservative estimate of the future recycling capacity of PCs will reach upwards of 30 million units during 2025. Apparently, more than 150 million units could be potentially recycled in the upper bound case. However, considering significant future investment in the e-waste recycling sector from all stakeholders in India, we propose a logistic growth in the recycling rate and estimate the requirement of recycling capacity between 60 and 400 million units for the lower and upper bound case during 2025. Finally, we compare the future obsolete PC generation amount of the US and India.     

Material reuse and recycling in construction works in Japan

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The status of material reuse and recycling in Japan is reviewed with an emphasis on the efforts by the national government. First, the national...     

Field Intercomparison of Main Components in Air in EMEP

Within the European monitoring network (EMEP, ) several different sampling procedures for measuring the main air components have been applied. This has contributed to systematic concentration differences and a comparability problem. Since 1997 co-located experiments in 15 countries have been carried out to quantify these differences. In addition, three major measurement campaigns were organized by EMEP between 1985 and 1991. Differences among results depend on the concentration level and methods used. The decrease in SO₂ concentrations over the last twenty years has placed greater demands on the methodology. Absorbing solutions methods for SO₂, (H₂O₂ and tetrachloromercurate (TCM)) typically have higher detection limits than the reference method, which uses KOH impregnated filters. The TCM method also has problems with negative interference, especially in summertime. UV fluorescence monitors have in a few cases proven to give good results, but interferences, detection limit and poor maintenance can be problems. For NO₂, many countries are using the TGS absorption solution method, which has a higher detection limit than the reference method using NaI impregnated glass sinters. The Salzmann method gives unreliable results at concentrations below 1 μgN/m³, and even at higher concentrations the uncertainty is rather unsatisfactory. The chemiluminescence monitor with molybdenum converters tends to systematically overestimate NO₂ concentrations, possibly because zero-drift problems and the non-specific response to NO₂. Particulate sulphate measurements in general have lower bias and uncertainties than gas and other aerosol measurements.