气相色谱法测定废水中敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷

本文对火焰光度-气相色谱法测定废水中敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷五种有机磷农药进行了研究。采用氯仿为提取剂提取后测定,方法对五种农药的最小检出浓度在0.04—0.60毫克/升之间,变异系数小于1.5％,相对误差除乐果稍大外均在10％以下。     

新型烟囱节能、环保、防腐技术特征分析

对新型烟囱技术特征和流场结构的分析认为:由于切向进气,烟气形成旋涡,流动阻力低于普通烟囱,压力损失减少,所以更节能;流场中心形成负压,水、雾等比尘粒小,但比空气大(重)的轻质组分集中在中轴地带随烟气排出,不会腐蚀内壁;因为旋涡流动的存在,提升了烟气排放高度,有更好的环保效果.     

一套国产废塑料自动清洗、粉碎、脱脂、分离设备

前　言 　　回收的废塑料往往要先进行分离,采用的主要分离技术有：密度分离、溶解分离、过滤分离、静电分离和浮游分离等,见下图。日本塑料处理促进协会的水浮选分离装置一次分离率就可达到99.9％以上,美国DOW化学公司也开发了类似的分离技术,以液态碳氢化合物取代水来分离混合废塑料,取得了更佳的效果;美国凯洛格公司与伦塞勒综合技术学院联合开发出溶剂法选择性分离回收技术,该法不需人工分拣,即可使混杂的废旧塑料得到分离,将切碎的废旧塑料加入某种溶剂中,在不同温度下溶剂能有选择地溶解不同的聚合物而将它们分离。     

好气法处理脂肪酸、醇、酯、胺等有机废水

大连油脂化学厂生产合成脂肪酸、醇、酯、胺等产品,每天约有高浓度有机废水1000吨左右,主要含有一些低碳的有机酸、醇、醛、酮、酯等,COD 一般在20,000毫克/升左右。为了处理这些废水,采用了好气生物氧化的处理方法。经过两年的反复试验,不仅培养出适应本厂废水生化处理的活性     

商务部、财政部、发展改革委、工业和信息化部、环境保护部、工商总局、质检总局关于印发《家电以旧换新实施办法（修订稿）》的通知 商商贸发[2010]231号

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团商务、财政、发展改革、工业和信息化、环境保护、工商、质检主管部门： 根据《商务部财政部环境保护部关于印发家电以旧换新推广工作方案的函》（商商贸发[2010]190号）精神，现将《家电以旧换新实施办法（修订稿）》印发给你们，请遵照执行。     

防治污染、改善环境、发展生产

四川化工厂是一个以生产氮肥为主的综合性化工厂。年产合成氨50万吨,加工成尿素、碳铵、硫酸铵。此外还生产硫酸、浓硝酸和多种催化剂。过去,由于生产过程中产生的大量硫酸尾气、硝酸尾气、硫酸废水等未经处理而直接排放,从而造成严重的污染。     

煤矸石中铅、铬、镉的溶出性能

以滕南煤田某煤矿风化煤矸石为研究对象,应用主成分分析法分析了煤矸石粒径对Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度的影响,应用回归分析法分析了浸溶时间与Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度的关系特征。实验结果表明：模拟湿地浸溶条件下,煤矸石中Pb,Cd,Cr溶出浓度均超出或接近Ⅲ类水体水质标准,对水环境存在污染风险;煤矸石粒径对Pb,Cd,Cr溶出浓度存在影响,粒径越小则Pb、Cr、Cd溶出浓度越大,粒径小于8.0 cm的煤矸石浸溶贡献较大。建立了表征Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度与浸溶时间对数（以10为底）关系的一元三次多项式回归方程,经检验均具有显著性。     

用火焰原子吸收法测定活性污泥中的铜、镍、铅、铬

本文研究了用火焰原子吸收法测定污泥中的重金属铜、铅、铬、镍。根据被测元素的性质,以及活性污泥含油多等特点,选择介质条件,比较了污泥处理方法,进行了共存离子干扰试验。通过实验发现,本方法除测定铬时需加敏化剂外,其它均无干扰,因此,该法方便易行,且灵敏度较高。     

打造循环、生态、智慧、便捷、宜居的“子牙模式”——天津子牙循环经济产业区建设经验推介

天津子牙循环经济产业区在发展再生资源产业、促进循环经济方面积累了丰富的经验,取得了丰硕的建设成果。通过科学规划、延伸链条、规范管理、科技创新、多元发展,打造了循环、生态、智慧、便捷、宜居的"子牙模式"。     

商务部、财政部、发展改革委、工业和信息化部、环境保护部、工商总局、质检总局关于印发《家电以旧换新实施办法(修订稿)》的通知

<正>商商贸发[2010]231号各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团商务、财政、发展改革、工业和信息化、环境保护、工商、质检主管部门:     

Clay, Phosphate Adsorption, Dispersion, and Rheology

Soluble phosphate is a common ingredient of fertilizer used in agriculture production all over the world. This chemical mixed with soil is transported into the water and marine environment via rainfall causing a range of environmental problems such as toxic algae bloom. Kaolin clay is a common material found in soil and is used as a model system to understand the effects of phosphate adsorption on the flocculation/dispersion of the clay slurries. In the topics, torrential downpours are common. The large water flow will easily disperse the unflocculated or weakly flocculated sediments over a wide area including river and marine environments. Phosphate adsorption was found to weaken the interparticle forces between clay platelets in the slurries. At high enough concentration, it will completely deflocculate the clay slurries, i.e. the net interparticle force is repulsive. A deflocculated slurry is characterised by a low viscosity and no yield stress. As a result, it is much easier to disperse this slurry over a wide area possible even in a small downpour. This study will present the flow and yield stress behaviour of kaolin clay slurries under the influence of adsorbed phosphate.     

Behavior of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Pb, Ni,and Zn at the soil/plant interface around an uncontrolled landfill (Casablanca,Morocco)

The present work undertaken in the environmental context aims to study the distribution of heavy metals in plants that grow naturally around uncontrolled landfills. The study's goal was to identify plants that can be used to remediate contaminated soils. For this purpose, 14 plants species and their rhizospheric soil samples were collected and analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed the presence of elevated metal concentrations in soil, many exceeding the regulatory values, and that many species exhibited an ability to accumulate multiple metals in their shoots and roots without sustaining toxicity. This was confirmed by bioconcentration and translocation factors generally higher than 1.     

Inventory of twenty-six combustible wastes as sources of potentially toxic elements: B,Cr, Cu,Zn, As,Sb, Ba,and Pb

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Municipal solid waste (MSW) is converted to various materials through treatment processes, which in turn distributes potentially toxic elements...     

Trends in Fish Community Structure,Biomass, and Production in Three Algoma,Ontario, Lakes

Long-term (i.e. >10 years) whole community fish dataincluding catch-per-unit-effort, abundance, biomass, andproduction from three lakes were used: 1) to examine variabilityin fish population and community measures among years using wholelake assessments of fish populations derived from mark recaptureexperiments, 2) to assess implications arising from monitoringindividual species vs. the whole fish community, and 3) toascertain whether, in fisheries assessments (science) a commonlyused surrogate measure, [catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE)] reflectedannual changes in the fish assemblage, and thus may be a goodestimator of abundance. High, long-term variability was evident in the abundance andbiomass of a fish species in our lakes, yet the communityremained relatively stable in terms of its biomass andproduction. Changes in total fish community biomass appear drivenby large species, which, relative to small fish species, remainstable among years. Among years, species richness remainedstable; however, fish species changed in the community. AnnualCPUE was found to be a suitable surrogate for abundance (N) ofsmall fishes; CPUE x mean weight of the catch (bCPUE) was asuitable surrogate for biomass (B) of large fishes. Prior toconcluding that a change in a fish population has occurred as aresult of a stressor, care must be taken to critically examinethe level of population assessment in order to avoid acceptingpotentially invalid conclusions.     

Behaviour of Cd,Cr, Mn,Ni, Pb,and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace

Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn behaviour during sewage sludge incineration was investigated in seven pilot tests using a circulating fluidised bed furnace. Dewatered sludge at a solids concentration of 15-18% was fed to the furnace either alone (two tests) or spiked with chlorinated organic compounds (five tests). The behaviour of metals in the fluidised bed furnace was studied by comparing metal concentrations in the two main ash streams: ash separated from the cyclone immediately following the fluidised bed furnace, and fly ash recovered in the final bag filter. A metal enrichment factor was defined as the ratio of metal concentration between filter ash and cyclone ash. Only Cd and Pb showed any significant enrichment. Their enrichment factors were mainly affected by chlorine concentration in the feed sludge. To check whether simple equilibrium models may explain and predict metal behaviour, experimental data were compared with percentage of the metal vaporisation in the combustion chamber predicted using a thermodynamic model. Discrepancies between model predictions and experimental results are accounted for by considering that kinetics may be a limiting factor in the formation of metal chloride gaseous species. Due to the very short sludge residence time in the fluidised bed furnace, the gaseous compounds have little chance to evolve completely.     

Waste incineration,PVC, and dioxins

Waste incineration is becoming increasingly necessary to tackle the rapidly rising amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW); in China many large cities are already surrounded by a girdle of landfills. Still, the not-in-my-backyard (nimby) syndrome holds strong. This attitude stems from fear of dioxins. These have been associated with incineration (‘dioxin factories’) and at times also with polyvinylchloride. In this paper this issue is analysed. China should build additional trust in MSW incineration, following promulgation of stricter emission standards, enforced by stringent controls.     

Estimation of nitrogen flow change in Beijing,China, for the years 1995, 2000, and 2004

Rapid economic growth in China has led to environmental pollution. Recycling nutrients is essential for sustainable agriculture, and it is necessary to estimate the amount of available organic resources in order to achieve this. Using nitrogen as a tracer, we estimated the organic resource flows in 1995, 2000, and 2004 in Beijing. The agricultural nitrogen flow was calculated from the fertilizer, agricultural product, and byproduct flows. The livestock nitrogen flow was calculated from the feed, excretion, and stock flows. The human nitrogen flow was calculated from the food intake, excretion, and food waste flows. The amounts of recyclable organic resources were estimated from these nitrogen flows. The Daxing, Fangshan, Miyun, Shunyi, and Tongzho areas had high nitrogen loads in 2004, as did the outer suburbs, but Beijing proper had an extremely low nitrogen flow and the inner suburbs had low nitrogen flows. The estimated amount of compost that could be produced from domestic organic waste across Beijing was equivalent to 88,100 t of nitrogen. The Beijing area contains 394,100 ha of farmland, so, if the compost was applied at an equivalent of 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare, the equivalent of 48,000 t of nitrogen would be surplus.