行政区突发环境事件风险评估在环境管理中的应用

结合文献调研以及江苏省试点区(县)工作开展情况,从区域环境风险源布局规划、地方环境应急管理、应急资源优化配置、区域突发环境事件应急预案编制等方面对行政区突发环境事件风险评估在环境管理中的应用进行探讨。指出了行政区突发环境事件风险评估工作面临的问题,提出,在统一评估标准的基础上,结合区域环境风险特征及试点地区工作经验,不断优化完善指标体系,补充各地先进做法,制定符合本行政区实际情况的区域突发环境事件风险评估技术指南。     

加强建设 量化管理 推进环境监测事业持续发展

介绍了南京市环境监测中心站近年来在拓展监测能力,提升监测现代化水平,优化资源配置,加强队伍建设,强化制度建设,实施目标管理等方面采取的举措,指出在我国环境保护发生历史性转变的关键时期,环境监测站应在社会、经济、环境的协调发展中,充分发挥为管理服务的前瞻性、监测信息上报的及时性及实施环境决策的支持性作用,积极推进环境监测事业持续发展.     

价值分析在环境监测仪器配置中的应用

价值分析在环境监测仪器配置中的应用杨光（南京市环境监测中心站２１００１３）监测仪器的优化选型和配置是确保监测工作正确无误的重要因素之一，而目前对监测仪器的选型配置基本为传统的计划管理和行政调拨。笔者认为应用科学方法取代之。价值分析法就是一种既科学又实...     

浅议环保系统辐射环境监测网络现状及发展策略

简述了全国辐射环境监测网络现状以及国控点监测总体概况,指出了目前辐射环境监测网络存在的问题,提出应加强法规建设,理顺机制,大力发展监测队伍;统筹规划,优化资源配置,夯实监测能力;有效运行质量管理体系,加大培训力度;深化各类报告的编制出版工作,加强监测信息公开的发展策略。     

我国环境应急资源储备体系构建初探

针对中国目前环境应急资源储备体系不成熟的现状,从制度建设、人力保障、物资及装备配置、信息平台构建等方面,提出了储备体系的构建方案,为中国建立科学的环境应急资源储备体系、提高环境应急处置能力提供重要指导。同时,就中国环境应急救援体系现存问题,提出了制定环境应急法、信息共享、救援队伍整合等具体的完善建议。     

稻田氮磷流失控制技术研究

分析了稻田氮磷流失的途径,以及降雨、秸秆还田、施肥等影响因素,综述了养分管理、水分管理、生态拦截、农田尾水回用等稻田氮磷流失控制技术的研究现状,提出应探索稻田氮磷流失源头控制和末端管控机制,加强生态拦截技术优化配置与性能研究。     

基于改进K-means算法的排水管网监测点位优化

为切实提高工程监测成效,合理利用资源,提出基于改进K-means算法的排水管网监测点布置优化方法。以华东区域H市排水管网为案例,以23个原始监测点的监测数据为基础,通过原始数据处理,BIRCH预聚类确定优化监测点个数和初步优化监测点,再用K-means聚类确定最终优化监测点后,输出16个保留监测点位。经验证,监测点优化后对H市排水管网的数据输出无影响。     

支撑流域资源补偿的监测技术与方

归纳了支撑太湖流域环境资源区域补偿的主要监测技术与方法,主要涉及补偿因子优选、补偿河流（段）及断面的优化、补偿因子浓度限值的研究、补偿监测的实施等。     

环境保护规划在我国规划体系中的定位及转型

结合对我国的规划体系及其发展方向的分析,指出了目前环境保护规划忽视对国土空间进行谋划的问题,并对其转型方向提出了建议。主要结论:环境保护规划应当在继续履行好争取财政资金等社会资源功能的同时,增强对资源环境承载能力这一重要自然资源的配置功能,转变为横跨国民经济和社会发展、国土空间开发管制两大领域的综合性规划;要加强环境保护空间管制的基础性研究,建立一套约束性环境保护规划指标体系,增强其权威性和可操作性,充分发挥规划的作用。     

环境监测站激励机制探讨

简述了建立公平合理激励机制的重要性,指出了地市级环境监测单位激励机制存在的问题.提出构建合理有效的员工激励机制,优化配置员工,实行任职激励;以岗定薪、全面完善薪酬体系,实行分配激励;完善绩效考核制度,配合薪酬制度改革;正确构建评价机制,实行评估激励;建立科学培训机制,实行培训激励;推进文化建设,实行环境激励.     

环境监测市场化若干问题的思考

在环境监测市场化内涵辨析的基础上,界定了环境监测市场化包括非公共服务属性的环境监测使市场起决定性作用和公共服务属性的环境监测引入市场机制两层涵义,分析了环境监测市场化中政府与市场的职责和定位,提出了建立健全环境监测市场机制需要重点研究的若干问题。     

面向未来实现环境监测新飞跃

在南京市转变经济增长方式、发展循环经济、开展生态城市建设中,环境监测需要充分发挥主观能动作用,以大力发展生态监测、自动监测、信息化建设为主导,以改革管理体制、合理配置人力资源、加强人才培养和队伍建设为铺垫,围绕环境管理总体目标开展环境标准指标体系研究,为建设人与自然和谐共处的新南京积极提供技术支持。     

Inexact Fuzzy-Stochastic Programming for Water Resources Management Under Multiple Uncertainties

In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy-stochastic two-stage programming (IFSTP) approach is developed for irrigation planning within an agriculture system under multiple uncertainties. A concept of the distribution with fuzzy-interval probability (DFIP) is defined to address multiple uncertainties expressed as integration of intervals, fuzzy sets, and probability distributions. IFSTP integrates the interval programming, two-stage stochastic programming, and fuzzy-stochastic programming within a general optimization framework. IFSTP incorporates the pre-regulated water resources management policies directly into its optimization process to analyze various policy scenarios; each scenario has different economic penalty when the promised amounts are not delivered. IFSTP is applied to an irrigation planning in a water resources management system. Solutions from IFSTP provide desired water allocation patterns, which maximize both the system’s benefits and feasibility. The results indicate that reasonable solutions are generated for objective function values and decision variables; thus, a number of decision alternatives can be generated under different levels of stream flows.     

The global environment monitoring system (GEMS): Some recent developments

GEMS is an established, operational fact, a fact that has been with us for ten years. In 1975, following the instructions of the UN Conference on the Human Environment, UNEP moved into the field of environmental monitoring by establishing at its Nairobi Headquaters a Programme Activity Centre for GEMS. The role given to this Programme Activity Centre is to co-ordinate the disparate international monitoring activities that are conducted thoughout the world, particulary within the UN system, and to advise the Environment Fund of UNEP on how best to support and stimulate the initiation of new activities or the expansion of ongoing ones through the allocation of financial resources to these activities.The data gathered within the GEMS networks are used for assessment of the state of the environment and its trends, for better, more rational management of the environment and its natural resources. Ten years after it began the United Nations GEMS effort can be seen to be both fully operational and global in scope.     

Tailoring a non-path-dependent model for environmental risk management and polycentric urban land-use planning

This study attempts to develop a non-path-dependent model for environmental risk management and polycentric urban land-use planning in Gorgan Township area, Iran. Applying three suitability layers of environmental risk (soil erosion, flood risk, fire risk, and land susceptibility), urbanization potential, and integrated surface (environmental risk plus urbanization potential layers), a non-path-dependent Cellular Automata-Markov Chain (CA-MC) model was configured to execute three scenarios of polycentric urban growth allocation. Specifically, the modeling approach improved the traditional functionality of the CA-MC model from a prediction algorithm into an innovative land allocation tool. Besides, due to its flexibility, the non-path-dependent model was able to explicitly include different characteristics of the landscape structure ranging from physical land attributes to landscape functions and processes (natural hazards). Accordingly, three polycentric urban growth allocation efforts were undertaken and compared in terms of connectivity and compactness of the resultant patterns and consumption of other land resources. Based on results, the polycentric allocation procedure based on integrated suitability layer produced a more manageable pattern of urban landscape, while the growth option based on environmental risk layer was more successful for protecting farmlands against excessive urbanization. This study suggests that polycentric urban land-use planning under the strategy of rural land development programs is an available option for designing an urban landscape with lower exposure to natural hazards and more economic benefits to rural residents. Finally, the non-path-dependent modeling is a recommended approach, when highly flexible and interactive decision-support systems as well as trend-breaking scenarios are desired.     

Interval-Parameter Conditional Value-at-Risk Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Model for Management of End-of-Life Vehicles

The management of end-of-life vehicles conserves natural resources, provides economic benefits, and reduces water, air, and soil pollution. Sound management of end-of-life vehicles is vitally important worldwide thus requiring sophisticated decision-making tools for optimizing its efficiency and reducing system risk. This paper proposes an interval-parameter conditional value-at-risk two-stage stochastic programming model for management of end-of-life vehicles. A case study is conducted in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed model. The model is able to provide the trade-offs between the expected profit and system risk. It can effectively control risk at extremely disadvantageous availability levels of end-of-life vehicles. The formulated model can produce optimal solutions under predetermined decision-making risk preferences and confidence levels. It can simultaneously determine the optimal long-term allocation targets of end-of-life vehicles and reusable parts as well as capital investment, production planning, and logistics management decisions within a multi-period planning horizon. The proposed model can efficiently handle uncertainties expressed as interval values and probability distributions. It is able to provide valuable insights into the effects of uncertainties. Compared to the available models, the resulting solutions are far more robust.

     

Comparative analysis of environmental carrying capacity of the Bohai Sea Rim area in China

Environmental carrying capacity is an essential metric for measuring regional sustainability. Although the term "carrying capacity" has been applied for over a century, the concept definition, quantitative methods and comprehensive evaluation remain arguable. This study analyzed the carrying capacity of four environmental elements, including water resources, air, surface water and offshore sea, and integrated them into a comprehensive index to represent overall regional profiles of resources and environment. The method was then applied to thirteen municipalities in the Bohai Sea Rim area, one of the most rapidly developing regions in transition China. The results show that the comprehensive environmental carrying capacity of the municipalities in the south sub-region were largest in 2007, while that of the west municipalities were lowest. The regional economic development exceeded the overall environmental carrying capacity by 36% and the west sub-region area deserves overwhelming attention for future industrial allocation.     

Development of a new risk-based framework to guide investment in water quality monitoring

An innovative framework for optimising investments in water quality monitoring has been developed for use by water and environmental agencies. By utilising historical data, investigating the accuracy of monitoring methods and considering the risk tolerance of the management agency, this new methodology calculates optimum water quality monitoring frequencies for individual water bodies. Such information can be applied to water quality constituents of concern in both engineered and natural water bodies and will guide the investment of monitoring resources. Here we present both the development of the framework itself and a proof of concept by applying it to the occurrence of hazardous cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater lakes. This application to existing data demonstrates the robustness of the approach and the capacity of the framework to optimise the allocation of both monitoring and mitigation resources. When applied to cyanobacterial blooms in the Swan Coastal Plain of Western Australia, we determined that optimising the monitoring regime at individual lakes could greatly alter the overall monitoring schedule for the region, rendering it more risk averse without increasing the amount of monitoring resources required. For water resources with high-density temporal data related to constituents of concern, a similar reduction in risk may be observed by applying the framework.     

Application of the Morris algorithm for sensitivity analysis of the REALM model for the Goulburn irrigation system

The REALM modelling shell is widely used in Australia as a water allocation modelling tool. It has been used to develop the Goulburn System Model (GSM) of the Goulburn, Broken, Loddon and Campaspe Rivers in northeastern Victoria. REALM represents the river and irrigation system as a network of storages and carriers. The model has been optimised to best represent the water harvesting and allocation for use by water management authorities. The model is analysed to assess the sensitivity of a subset of the model outputs, to a subset of the system parameters. The New Morris algorithm uses sampling paths generated in the space of the parameters, to generate points at which the model is run (to generate the model outputs). These model runs are then used to estimate the first and second-order effects of the parameters on the outputs. The results illustrate the mild linkage of the Goulburn and Broken systems, and the Broken system also shows differences between minimum and average outflows. The Goulburn is more sensitive to some of the numerical convergence parameters used in the allocation software, while the Broken is less sensitive to these factors. The numerical convergence factors also lead to important second-order effects.