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1.
采用Ce-Mn双金属氧化物深度催化氧化废气中的氯甲苯。实验结果表明:当n(Ce):n(Mn)为1:5时,CeO_2与MnO_x之间的协同效应最大,对氯甲苯的去除效果最好;在以纯氧为氧化剂、反应温度为360℃、氯甲苯体积分数为0.5%~1.5%、体积空速为12 000~30 000 h~(-1)的条件下,氯甲苯去除率可达100%。  相似文献   

2.
催化氧化技术在橡胶废气处理中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用催化氧化技术处理热塑性丁苯橡胶( SBS)生产装置D线后处理单元废气,废气的非甲烷总烃去除率和环己烷去除率均达到98%以上,非甲烷总烃质量浓度达到DB11/447-2007《炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准》的要求(小于100 mg/m3).对SBS生产装置凝聚单元进行两釜流程改三釜流程后,催化氧化反应器入口非甲烷总烃质量浓度由( 3.84~5.82)×103 mg/m3降至( 2.48~2.63)×103 mg/m3,反应器出口非甲烷总烃质量浓度均小于50 mg/m3.凝聚单元改造并采用催化氧化技术处理废气后,每年节约费用约80万元.  相似文献   

3.
针对包装印刷业废气特点,研发了“中央集风减风增浓-催化燃烧-热能回用”技术。该技术利用特殊工艺的中央集风系统使废气风量减小,进而提高废气浓度,然后通过催化氧化炉进行低温催化氧化反应使废气中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)分解为无害的二氧化碳和水蒸气,达到净化废气的目的。此技术一方面能满足尾气达标排放,另一方面可对印刷机的热能进行回用,达到节能减排效果,从而降低了废气处理设备的投资和运行费用,增加企业效益。  相似文献   

4.
采用自行研制的WSH-2N型蜂窝状Pt-Pd-Ce催化剂,对某企业苯胺、硝基苯等生产装置和罐区的含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)废气进行集中处理,考察了废气处理工业装置的运行效果。在小型装置上处理后总烃去除率大于97%,净化气总烃质量浓度小于20 mg/m~3,NO_x质量浓度小于30 mg/m~3,苯胺、硝基苯中氮转化为N2的选择性大于95%。20 000 Nm~3/h催化氧化处理装置生产运行和性能考核表明,苯化工装置和罐区VOCs废气经过催化氧化处理,非甲烷总烃去除率大于99%;净化气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3,苯、苯胺、硝基苯、环己烷等有机特征污染物均低于检出限,NO_x的质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3。  相似文献   

5.
《化工环保》2008,28(4)
该发明公开了一种苯腈类化合物合成废气的处理方法及装置。利用该装置可低温催化处理苯腈类化合物合成工艺所产生的废气。制备用γ-Al2O3作为载体的Mn3O4蜂窝状氧化催化剂,并将其填充于处理装置的电加热催化还原管中,控制反应温度和反应时间,使废气中的氢氰酸吸附在蜂窝状γ-Al2O3载体上,在负载于载体上的MgO催化触媒作用下与废气中的水蒸气发生催化反应产生氨,实现废气的无害化处理。  相似文献   

6.
国内简讯     
废气中甲硫醇的处理天津市无机化工研究所在开发农药涕灭威的工作中,需要制造和使用甲硫醇,对产生的含甲硫醇的废气也需要治理。考虑本所甲硫醇废气的处理量不大(10.4克/小时),并且有甲硫醚(CH_2SCH_3)产生,故采用双氧水氧化法处理,以甲烷磺酸为催化剂,产物也是甲烷磺酸。产品无毒,无嗅味,甲硫醚也同时被处理。尾气用稀液碱吸收,生成甲硫醇钠。试验结果如表1。  相似文献   

7.
催化臭氧氧化技术作为一种绿色、环保、高效的高级氧化技术被广泛应用于难生物降解废水的深度处理。本文介绍了非均相催化臭氧氧化技术的原理;分析了反应体系pH、载体种类、活性金属种类和负载量、臭氧投加量及反应时间等因素对催化臭氧氧化效果的影响;对比了臭氧和催化臭氧氧化技术对不同废水的处理效果;总结了近年来国内催化臭氧氧化技术的实际应用情况。指出:影响催化臭氧氧化技术工业应用的主要问题是臭氧产生效率和催化剂的催化效率。  相似文献   

8.
Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理模拟酸性红B染料废水   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
李文军  胡翔  康灵玲  邵磊 《化工环保》2012,32(5):393-396
采用Fenton试剂催化氧化处理用酸性红B配制的模拟偶氮染料废水,考察了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了酸性红B降解的动力学.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂催化氧化处理酸性红B废水的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量49.0 mmol/L,Fe2+加入量2.0 mmol/L,反应温度25℃,初始废水pH 3~6.在此最佳工艺条件下反应5min时,酸性红B去除率为99.8%,COD去除率为62.3%;反应60 min后,酸性红B去除率为99.9%,COD去除率为80.0%.Fenton试剂催化氧化降解酸性红B的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.  相似文献   

9.
采用催化氧化工艺处理某化工厂的含氨工业废气,设计了一体式催化氧化脱氨设备,在物料与热量衡算的基础上,进行了脱氨性能测试和能耗分析。结果表明:工业化应用的一体式催化氧化设备在处理中浓度含氨废气时,可通过完善的可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)自动调节控制系统、高效的换热器以及智能化的前端补新风和阻火预处理装置,解决安全和能耗问题;该一体化设备具有很高的脱氨效率和经济性,处理后的废气满足GB 16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》和GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》中的相关规定,应用前景较好。  相似文献   

10.
采用催化氧化法治理含有机硫化物(以CS_2为例)的废气,研制了一种以天然丝光沸石为担体的非贵金属单组份Fe_2O_3催化剂。考察了Fe_2O_3催化剂的氧化活性及添加碱金属氧化物对它的影响,并通过对CS_2催化氧化反应途径的分析和考察,讨论了反应温度、空速、CS_2浓度对CS_2氧化效率的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Concentrations and total quantity of cadmium (Cd), cupper (Cu),lead (Pb) and zink (Zn) were determined in biomass and soil compartments in a replicated tree species experiment with 27-yr-old stands growing on former farmland in N.E. Sweden. Sequentialextractions of soil samples were performed in order to estimate the exchangeable and an organically bound fraction of each element. The tree species included were Picea abies (L.)H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus contorta Dougl., Larix sibirica Ledeb., and Betula pendula Roth.Tree species influenced the rate of removal of Cu, Pb and Zn incase of stemwood harvesting, and of Cd, Cu and Zn in the case ofwhole-tree harvesting. B. pendula and P. abies had higher quantities and average concentrations of Zn in the biomass. For all species, >50% of the Zn in the stems was found in the bark. P. abies and L. sibirica had higher quantities of Cu in the biomass than the other species.P. abies and P. contorta had high quantities of Cd inthe biomass in relation to the other species. Branches and stembark contained high concentrations of Cd and Pb in relation to foliage and stemwood. Dead branches had especially high concentrations of Pb. The high accumulation rate of Zn in thebiomass of B. pendula was related to a low exchangeable amount of Zn in the A horizon. In the superficial centimeters ofthe A horizon, a depletion similar to that found for Zn was detected for Cu, whereas for Cd and Pb, no correlations were found between quantities of elements in the trees and element pools in the soil.  相似文献   

12.
Recent starch-plastic research at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research is reviewed and related worldwide efforts are noted. Properties of starch that influence its formulation and performance in plastics are discussed. Methods are given for preparation of starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymer, starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), and starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-polyethylene plastics. Their physical properties are discussed, as is degradability by enzymes or amylolytic organisms from soil, ponds, and streams.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.  相似文献   

13.
高浓度、高盐分的四氮唑生产废水通过三效蒸发浓缩,馏出液经铁炭氧微电解和混凝预处理,再采用水解酸化一接触氧化一反应二沉主体组合工艺进行处理。研究了该工艺所需构筑物和设备的设计与选型。该工艺在正常运行条件下,处理后出水pH6~9,COD 302mg/L,BOD5 108mg/L,SS30mg/L,色度36倍,水质达到GB8978--1996(污水综合排放标准》三级标准。  相似文献   

14.
Application of Cellulose Microfibrils in Polymer Nanocomposites   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were added at low concentrations (2–10% w/w) to polymer gels and films as reinforcing agents. Significant changes in mechanical properties, especially maximum load and tensile strength, were obtained for fibrils derived from several cellulosic sources, including cotton, softwood, and bacterial cellulose. For extruded starch plastics, the addition of cotton-derived microfibrils at 10.3% (w/w) concentration increased Young’s modulus by 5-fold relative to a control sample with no cellulose reinforcement. Preliminary data suggests that shear alignment significantly improves tensile strength. Addition of microfibrils does not always change mechanical properties in a predictable direction. Whereas tensile strength and modulus were shown to increase during addition of microfibrils to an extruded starch thermoplastic and a cast latex film, these parameters decreased when microfibrils were added to a starch–pectin blend, implying that complex interactions are involved in the application of these reinforcing agents.  相似文献   

15.
Bioassessment is a useful tool to determine the impact of logging practices on the biological integrity of streams and wetlands. Measuring biota directly has an intuitive appeal for impact assessment, and biota can be superior indicators to physical or chemical characteristics because they can reflect cumulative impacts over time. Logging can affect stream and wetland biota by increasing sedimentation rates, altering hydrologic, thermal, and chemical regimes, and changing the base of food webs. Biotic impacts of logging on streams compared to wetlands probably differ, and in this paper we review some of those differences. In streams, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, algae, and macrophytes have been used as indicators of logging impacts. In wetlands, bioassessment is just beginning to be used, and plants and birds are the most promising indicator taxa. Various best management practices (BMPs) have been developed to reduce the impacts of logging on stream and wetland biota, and we review quantitative studies that have evaluated the efficacy of some of these techniques in streams and wetlands in the eastern United States. Remarkably few studies that address the overall efficacy of BMPs in limiting biotic changes in streams and wetlands after BMP implementation have been published in scientific journals, although some work exists in reports or is unpublished. We review these works, and compile conclusions about BMP efficacy for biota from this body of research.  相似文献   

16.
Air emissions and residual ash samples were collected and analyzed during experiments of open, uncontrolled combustion of electronic waste (e-waste), simulating practices associated with rudimentary e-waste recycling operations. Circuit boards and insulated wires were handled separately to simulate processes associated with metal recovery. The average emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) were 92 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg [n = 2, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 98%] and 11 900 ng TEQ/kg (n = 3, RSD = 50%) of the initial mass of the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. The value for the insulated wire is about 100 times higher than that for backyard barrel burning of domestic waste. The emission concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/PBDFs) from the combustion of circuit boards were 100 times higher than for their polychlorinated counterparts. Particulate matter (PM) sampling of the fly ash emissions indicated PM emission factors of approximately 15 and 17 g/kg of the initial mass for the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. Fly ash samples from both types of e-waste contained considerable amounts of several metallic elements and halogens; lead concentrations were more than 200 times the United States regulatory limits for municipal waste combustors and 20 times those for secondary lead smelters. Leaching tests of the residual bottom ash showed that lead concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency landfill limits, designating this ash as a hazardous waste.  相似文献   

17.
In 1994, a large survey of soil chemistry was undertaken in thecounty of Värmland in central Sweden (Lundström et al., 1998).The southern part of the county was affected by soilacidification whereas there were no such indications in thenorthern part. To investigate the influence of soil chemistryon the trees at the specific sites, the survey was continued byan analysis of needle chemistry (Norway spruce) which wasundertaken at 150 of the 180 sites, and of tree growth at 65 ofthe 180 sites. Growth was expressed as a ratio between expectedgrowth, estimated with a national, empirical growth model, andthe growth observed in the field. In statistical analyses,using rank correlation, PCA and PLS, there were only weakindications of an influence of soil chemistry on needlechemistry and on tree growth. A moderate correlation betweennitrogen and sulphur in needles was found, which wasinterpreted as an effect of deposition and of processes in thetree canopy. No obvious regional pattern of the growth ratiowas found, in contrast to the clear pattern of soilacidification. The statistical analysis could not with anycertainty point out any of the soil chemistry variables asespecially important for the tree growth ratio.  相似文献   

18.
The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.  相似文献   

19.
During recent decades heathlands havechanged into grasslands in regions with high atmosphericnitrogen deposition. In regions with intermediatedeposition level (e.g., Denmark) changes have been lesspronounced which may be due to delay or decrease inresponse of the ecosystem. The mor layer (O horizon) mayplay an important role for this delay due to high sinkstrength for N. In this study, the capacity for netNH4 + immobilization and mineralization wasstudied during short- and long-term incubations (2–36 days)of mor samples from Danish dry inland heaths. High short-term capacity for net NH4 + immobilization wasfound to be a general characteristic of Danish heath morlayers both under heather (Calluna vulgaris) andcrowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp nigrum), the latterdominating late stages in heathland succession. The netNH4 + immobilization was higher under youngcompared to old or dead vegetation, and higher on lessnutrient poor soils than on extremely nutrient poor soils.The addition of N, P and C stimulated CO2 productionand net NH4 + immobilization, but not net Nmineralization. The immobilization of 15NH4 +caused release of dissolved organic N, increased N anddecreased C/N ratio in the microbial biomass, and indicatedgrowth of microorganisms with other metabolic abilitiesthan the indigenous population. No evidence was obtained ofstabilization of immobilized 15NH4 + intosoil organic matter during the experiment. On background ofthe results and current knowledge it was concluded that therecognition of the high capacity for net NH4 +immobilization in mor layers does not allow for a raiseof critical loads for N for northern dry inland heaths.  相似文献   

20.
Injection molded specimens were prepared by blending poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with cornstarch. Blended formulations incorporated 30% or 50% starch in the presence or absence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which enhances the adherence of starch granules to PHBV. These formulations were evaluated for their biodegradability in natural compost by measuring changes in physical and chemical properties over a period of 125 days. The degradation of plastic material, as evidenced by weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present in the blends (neat PHBV < 30% starch < 50% starch). Incorporation of PEO into starch-PHBV blends had little or no effect on the rate of weight loss. Starch in blends degraded faster than PHBV and it accelerated PHBV degradation. Also, PHBV did not retard starch degradation. After 125 days of exposure to compost, neat PHBV lost 7% of its weight (0.056% weight loss/day), while the PHBV component of a 50% starch blend lost 41% of its weight (0.328% weight loss/day). PHB and PHV moieties within the copolymer degraded at similar rates, regardless of the presence of starch, as determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. GPC analyses revealed that, while the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHBV in all exposed samples decreased, there was no significant difference in this decrease between neat PHBV as opposed to PHBV blended with starch. SEM showed homogeneously distributed starch granules embedded in a PHBV matrix, typical of a filler material. Starch granules were rapidly depleted during exposure to compost, increasing the surface area of the PHBV matrix.  相似文献   

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