Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent.     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

3株真菌对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色条件

从受污染土壤中筛选出具有广谱脱色的优势菌17株,并进一步扩大染料范围,筛选出3株对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷染料均有较好脱色效果的优势菌株. 3株菌分别为青霉属(菌Ⅰ、菌Ⅱ)和头孢霉属(菌Ⅲ)的真菌;以染料配水为例,探讨了pH值、温度、碳源、氮源因素对菌株脱色的影响;并进行了实际废水的脱色实验,结果表明该菌在pH值5～9, 温度18～37℃的区间内,且外加葡萄糖提供0.5%碳源时对染料废水的脱色率可达70%. 因此对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景.     

Combination of adsorption and biodegradation processes for textile effluent treatment using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize...     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-1,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei.该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg/L的培养基,最大脱色率为99%,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h.克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5%(体积分数),培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源(NH₄)₂SO₄浓度不低于0.1%,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0.5%.对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色.此外,该菌株对另外9种染料(50mg/L)的脱色率在62%～96%之间.其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90%以上,对三苯甲烷染料(酸性媒介漂蓝B)的脱色率达到了93%.表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能.     

Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.     

抚育对粗枝云杉人工林生长和空间结构的影响

森林抚育是实现人工林科学、高效、可持续经营的基本要求。以甘肃省沙滩国家森林公园云杉（Picea asperata）人工林为研究对象,设置幼龄林和中龄林两个试验区,对5种抚育方式后的林分生长情况和空间结构特征进行6 a连续调查分析。结果表明,封禁（FJ）、卫生伐（WF）、机械疏伐 [隔一伐一（JF1）、隔二伐一（JF2）]、生态疏伐（SF）后,幼龄林林分的平均胸径、单株材积和蓄积6 a生长量均较对照显著增加,平均胸径分别比对照高-0.3、0.2、2.1、4.5、2.3 cm,单株材积6 a生长量分别是对照的1.2、1.1、4.0、7.8、10.2倍,蓄积6 a生长量分别是对照的1.5、1.4、1.8、8.1、10.4倍。中龄林阶段,FJ、WF、JF1、JF2、SF实施6 a后平均胸径分别比对照高0.2、0.3、2.8、2.6、1.6 cm;抚育明显地增加了林分的蓄积量生长量,除JF1为负增长-16.8 m³/hm²外,FJ、WF、JF2、SF分别是对照的2.1、2.6、11.7、18.2倍,且SF最有利于增加林分蓄积。抚育对林木隔离程度作用效果不显著,对林木大小分化程度影响较小,林分平均角尺度值显著减小,左侧频率之和大于右侧接近正态分布,林分空间格局调整为随机分布或均匀分布;抚育对中龄林林分大小比和角尺度的调节作用优于幼龄林。综合分析得出,云杉人工林高效抚育方式为：密度为4 500~4 800株/hm²幼龄林采用SF、JF2均可,经营密度宜为3 200~3 500 株/hm²;密度为1 630~ 2 151株/hm²的中龄林只能采用SF以加快胸径、蓄积生长,留存密度以1 500株/hm²左右为宜。     

染料脱色微生物的筛选及其脱色条件的研究

实验通过富集驯化培养,从南昌市某织染厂废水中筛选分离到14株细菌菌株,经测定14株菌株对染料直接大红具有不同程度的脱色能力。其中脱色率在50%以上的菌株有12株,占总菌株数的85.7%;脱色率在70%以上的有8株,占总菌株数的57.1%;脱色率在80%以上的有4株,占总菌株数的28.6%。菌株Z03的脱色率达84.2%,为脱色能力最强的菌株。试验以菌株Z03进行脱色条件研究。通过采取L(93)4正交设计方案,考虑温度、pH值、溶解氧和培养时间四因素。试验结果表明该菌株的最佳培养条件为温度35℃,pH7,装量40mL的厌氧条件,在该条件下,菌株Z03的脱色率达到89.6%。     

黄孢原毛平革菌对碱性紫5BN的脱色降解研究

目的 建立黄孢原毛平革菌与10、50、100mg/L碱性紫5BN的共培养体系,研究菌种和培养条件对脱色降解效果的影响。方法 采用分光光度法测定培养液最大吸收波长处吸光度的改变,确定染料的脱色率及降解率。结果 (1)OGC101菌株的降解能力明显强于BKM-F-1767菌株,培养液最大吸收波长向短波方向移动,说明染料的N-去甲基化和降解中间物的形成;(2)琥珀酸钠缓冲液、04mM藜芦醇(VA)、浅层静置培养的参数组合较佳;(3)共培养30d后,各样品的脱色降解率为54％-98％;(4)染料浓度与脱色降解效应的相关性,因菌种而异。     

平菇漆酶的性质和应用研究

通过采用硫酸铵分级沉淀对平菇菌种831和予6两菌种所产生的漆酶进行了初步分离,并对酶的性质进行了初步研究,研究表明它们的最适反应温度都在60℃,最适反应pH都在3.0,对831漆酶进行除酚和固定化脱色的研究表明,在最佳除酚条件下50℃,pH5.0,反应3h,对25mg/L单宁酸的去除率可达24.4%,在所研究的不同固定化材料中,以尼龙网为材料的固定化效果最好,固定化酶对50mg/L的活性艳蓝脱色率可达游离酶脱色率的76%,重复应用4次脱色率没有降低趋势,之后逐渐下降。     

平菇漆酶的性质和应用研究

通过采用硫酸铵分级沉淀对平菇菌种831和予6两菌种所产生的漆酶进行了初步分离,并对酶的性质进行了初步研究,研究表明它们的最适反应温度都在60℃,最适反应pH都在3.0,对831漆酶进行除酚和固定化脱色的研究表明,在最佳除酚条件下50℃,pH5.0,反应3h,对25mg/L单宁酸的去除率可达24.4%,在所研究的不同固定化材料中,以尼龙网为材料的固定化效果最好,固定化酶对50mg/L的活性艳蓝脱色率可达游离酶脱色率的76%,重复应用4次脱色率没有降低趋势,之后逐渐下降。     

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13 and its capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes

Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13, which has a high capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant of a dyeing industry. This strain exhibited a remarkable color-removal capability when tested against several triphenylmethane dyes under both shaking and static conditions at high concentrations of dyes. More than 95% of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green was removed within 12 h at 500 μmol/L dye concentration under shaking conditions. Cry...     

铁阳极电解脱色直接黄11染料模拟废水

研究采用铁为阳极电化学法处理直接黄11染料模拟废水脱色性能的影响进行研究。影响因素包括:电流密度、pH值、染料浓度和电解质浓度。研究结果表明,电流密度大有利于染料废水脱色,但能耗消耗大;初始溶液在中性条件下不仅取得很好的处理效果,而且脱色能耗较低;随着染料初始浓度增加脱色率和脱色能耗降低的趋势;随着电解质浓度升高染料脱色率下降的趋势,脱色能耗先减少,然后缓慢增大。在染料初始浓度50 mg/L、pH值为7.11、电流密度2.083 mA/cm2、电解质Na2SO4浓度0.01 mol/L、温度20℃、搅拌速度600 r/min、电解时间60min条件下,脱色率达到92.2%,脱色能耗1.709 kW.h/kg染料。     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

蜜环菌漆酶对蒽醌类染料的脱色条件优化

利用蜜环菌发酵所得的漆酶,直接对印染工业中常见的两种蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳蓝X-BR进行催化脱色实验,得出了最佳脱色条件.结果表明,活性艳蓝KN-R最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为80 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.25U.mL-1,最适pH值为5,在最优条件下活性艳蓝KN-R最高脱色率达90%以上.活性艳蓝X-BR的最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为50 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.5 U.mL-1,最适pH值为4,在最优条件下活性艳蓝X-BR最高脱色率达70%以上.本研究利用蜜环菌粗漆酶液直接对印染工业中常见蒽醌类染料进行脱色,结果表明蜜环菌粗漆酶液具有良好的脱色效果,蜜环菌漆酶在印染工业染料废水脱色方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

攀枝花矿区糙野青茅根际耐铬放线菌筛选及促生能力评价

从攀枝花矿区糙野青茅根际土中分离放线菌,筛选获得对重金属铬具有强耐受性、抗菌促生和产胞外酶能力的放线菌,为微生物-植物联合修复重金属污染提供菌种资源.采用稀释涂布法进行放线菌的分离,通过放线菌在不同铬浓度高氏一号培养基上的生长状况判断其对重金属铬的耐受性,进一步采用原子吸收分光光度法分析菌株对铬耐受性强的菌株耐铬及去铬能力;通过对菌株产铁载体、溶磷、产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、产纤维素酶、产淀粉酶、产木糖酶、产酪蛋白酶能力及抗菌活性的筛选,综合评价菌株抗菌促生能力.结果显示,分离获得的27株根际菌株,光学显微形态及扫描电镜结果均显示为放线菌,其中有14株能在含铬的培养基上生长,具有耐铬能力.16S rRNA基因测序结果显示,14株放线菌分属于链霉菌属(streptomyces)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)和冢村氏菌属(Tsukamurella).菌株SCAU9002和SCAU9008在铬浓度为300mg·L~(-1)的处理下培养6 d,去铬率分别达到81.17%和78.41%;菌株SCAU9002、SCAU9006、SCAU9008、SCAU9009、SCAU9013同时具有3种促生功能,盆栽实验结果进一步表明,在重金属胁迫下,经菌株处理后的玉米植株更高,生物量更大,根系更发达,促生效果较好.此外,菌株SCAU9006对6种病原菌具有拮抗作用,5株菌同时具有3种及以上产胞外水解酶的能力,4株菌能在7%的NaCl浓度下生长,13株菌在pH5.0~8.0的范围内均可生长.结果表明,根际放线菌在促进矿区植物生长和铬尾矿污染土壤的生物修复研究中具有很大潜力.     

丁二腈高效降解菌的筛选及其降解性

以丁二腈为唯一碳源和氮源,从石化腈纶废水及其处理构筑物的生物膜中,分离、筛选出2株高效降解丁二腈的菌株:J-1-3和J-13-1.经形态学观察和生理生化特征研究,两者均被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.).通过摇瓶试验得出2菌株的最适生长条件:温度为30℃,摇床转速(间接反映通气量)为250 r/min,接种量为0.1%,初始pH为6.在最适生长条件下,分别对不同初始浓度丁二腈进行降解率试验.结果表明,2菌株对丁二腈的降解能力强,尤以J-13-1更为显著.当丁二腈的初始浓度约为6000mg/L、8000mg/L和10000mg/L时,J-13-1菌株对丁二腈的降解率分别在12.5h、14h和16h时达到100%.     

Uptake of radioiodide by Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a boreal nutrient-poor bog

Radionuclides, like radioiodine(~(129)I), may escape deep geological nuclear waste repositories and migrate to the surface ecosystems. In surface ecosystems, microorganisms can affect their movement. Iodide uptake of six bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus isolated from an acidic boreal nutrient-poor bog was tested. The tests were run in four different growth media at three temperatures. All bacterial strains removed iodide from the solution with the highest efficiency shown by one of the Paenibacillus strains with 99% of iodide removed from the solution in one of the used growth media. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and one of the two Paenibacillus strains showed highest iodide uptake in 1% yeast extract with maximum values for the distribution coefficient(K_d) ranging from 90 to 270 L/kg DW. The Burkholderia strain showed highest uptake in 1% Tryptone(maximum K_d170 L/kg DW). The Paenibacillus strain V0-1-LW showed exceptionally high uptake in 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth(maximum K_d 1,000,000 L/kg DW). Addition of 0.1% glucose to the 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth reduced iodide uptake at 4℃ and 20℃ and enhanced iodide uptake at 37℃ compared to the uptake without glucose. This indicates that the uptake of glucose and iodide may be competing processes in these bacteria. We estimated that in in situ conditions of the bog,the bacterial uptake of iodide accounts for approximately 0.1%–0.3% of the total sorption of iodide in the surface, subsurface peat, gyttja and clay layers.     

AOA-SBR系统运行效能及高效聚磷菌的特性研究

为获得聚磷能力突出且抗逆性强的菌株,进一步扩大生物除磷的应用范围,在实验室条件下完成AOA-SBR反应器的启动及运行,基于Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对反应器各运行阶段样品中的细菌群落结构进行解析,从稳定运行的SBR反应器中分离得到聚磷菌,分别进行菌株的鉴定及其生长聚磷特性研究.结果表明:①反应器的启动及运行后期,各项出水水质指标均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A水平,系统的除磷率稳定在95%以上.②反应器对于除磷微生物的定向富集作用较强,变形菌门中的不动杆菌属为优势菌群.③共分离得到5株高效聚磷菌,暂命名为LXP1~LXP5,经鉴定分别为假单孢菌属（Pseudomonas）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、红球菌属（Rhodococcus）、大头茶属（Gordonia）及脂肪杆菌属（Pimelobacter）.④LXP1~LXP5都具有典型的生长曲线和较短的生长周期,生长周期范围为24~36 h;各菌株在好氧条件下的吸磷量均在10 mg/L以上,最大可达30 mg/L.研究显示,实验室条件下AOA-SBR反应器的启动及运行可较好地实现对活性污泥中的除磷微生物定向富集的目的,该试验分离得到5株高效聚磷菌并经鉴定分属5种不同的菌属范畴,其中Rhodococcus、Gordonia及Pimelobacter的菌株为近年来鲜有的从活性污泥中筛选得到的具有较好聚磷特性的菌株.      

高效苯酚降解菌Bacillus sp.L5-1的分离及其降解特性

从污水处理厂活性污泥中分离筛选出一株高效苯酚降解菌L5-1,经菌落形态观察和16S rDNA基因测序,结果表明菌株L5-1为蜡样芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）,美国国家生物信息中心（NCBI）的注册号为MN784421.将苯酚设置为唯一碳源,对其生长和苯酚降解特性展开研究.结果表明：菌株L5-1在10%接种量、温度30~35℃、pH值7~8的条件下,均能高效降解培养基中苯酚（培养基体积为100mL,初始苯酚浓度为500mg/L,14h时降解率>93%）.而在最优降解条件下（10%接种量,培养温度为35℃,pH值7.0,NaCl浓度为1%）,初始苯酚浓度为500mg/L,菌株在14h内的苯酚降解率可达97.1%;而当初始苯酚浓度为1000mg/L,菌株也可在46h内达到97.71%的降解率.运用Haldance方程动力学模拟菌株在不同浓度苯酚下的生长过程,其最大比生长速率为0.355h^-1,半饱合常数104.27mg/L,抑制常数为322.83mg/L,R²=0.997.菌株L5-1为目前已报道的Bacillus菌属中降解苯酚能力较强的菌株,为实际处理含酚废水中提供理论参考.