福建丰产荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的研究

与我国红壤平均水平相比，福建丰产荔枝园土壤有效态锌、钼及水溶态硼含量较高，而活性锰及有效铜含量较低；土壤全锌、锰、钢量亦较低。在土壤ｐＨ４．５４—８．７６时，ｐＨ值与有效态钼含量呈较显著正相关，而与代换态锰、水溶态硼、有效态铁含量呈显著或极显著负相关。本文初步提出福建荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的适宜指标，可供土壤营养诊断及平衡施肥之参考。     

污泥施用对林地土壤基本性质及酶活性的影响

以无锡卢村污水处理厂厌氧消化的脱水污泥为有机肥源,采用土培盆栽试验的方法,研究了不同用量污泥施用后土壤基本性质的变化及对土壤酶活性的影响。试验设计5种处理,污泥施用量和占土质量的比例分别为0（不施污泥的对照处理,CK）,30（3%）,60（6%）,120（12%）和240（24%）g·kg^-1。结果表明,污泥使用提高了土壤中养分元素和有机质的含量;黄棕壤中过氧化氢酶的活性平均比潮土中的高5.2%,随污泥用量的增加潮土中过氧化氢酶活性提高,而黄棕壤中的无明显变化;与对照相比,土壤脲酶活性在两种土壤上分别增加55.6%～122%（黄棕壤）和46.2%～67.5%（潮土）,且与土壤全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效磷和有机质（黄棕壤）和土壤全氮、水解氮和有机质（潮土）呈正相关;结果还显示污泥使用增加了土壤蔗糖酶活性,但不同污泥用量之间无明显差异。     

土壤理化性质与褐根病感染的相互关系

以澳门松山公园为取样点,研究了受褐根病感染的不同受害等级树木根部土壤的理化性质,探讨了褐根病菌感染和土壤理化性质之间的相互关系.结果表明:褐根病菌和土壤理化性质之间的相互作用可能为褐根病菌的感染和生长创造了有利的条件.一方面,树木根部土壤中磷元素和速效钾的缺乏降低了树木的防御抵抗能力,为褐根病菌的感染创造了有利条件;另一方面,树木受到褐根病菌感染的初期.由于担子或担孢子萌发和菌丝体的快速生长大量消耗土壤中的水分和营养元素,使土壤营养元素更加匮乏,从而使树木自身防御能力进一步下降;此外土壤pH的降低为病菌的生长创造了更为优越的条件.树木死亡后由于褐根病菌生长的减缓,土壤理化性质有复原的趋势.     

几种土壤的基本理化性质与Cu2+吸附的关系

研究了大冶市几种类型土壤的基本性质及与Cu2+吸附的关系,结果表明,土壤对Cu2+的吸附量随其CEC值(记为CEC)而变化,供试土壤的Cu2+吸附量由大到小的顺序为石灰土→水稻土→潮土→棕红壤.加入铜浓度为5 mmol·L-1时11个土壤对铜的吸附量x((mol·g-1)与CEC的直线相关方程为x(Cu2+) = 2.018×CEC + 24.4 (r=0.7066).而影响CEC的因素,如Ph、粘粒含量及其组成、有机质、比表面等,也是决定Cu2+吸附量的重要因素.     

土壤性质对土壤中汞赋存形态的影响

土壤是一个复杂的生态系统,典型相关分析表明,土壤的组成性状对土壤中汞的形态分布影响较大,影响因子主要有ＦＡ,ＨＡ,有机质和碳酸盐含量,土壤粘粒作用较小,土壤有机质表现出很强的表面络合能力。     

郑州市城市土壤理化性质

在郑州市市区范围内采集53个0-20 cm土壤样品,研究了土样部分基本性状。结果表明,郑州市城市土壤有机碳含量为1.33-20.5 g/kg,平均值为8.01 g/kg;碱解氮含量为8.30-142 mg/kg,平均值为46.4 mg/kg;Olsen-P含量为2.40-70.4 mg/kg,平均值为21.8 mg/kg;pH值为7.70-8.95,平均值为8.36;城市化造成的土壤质地较粗对土壤有效性氮、磷提高和有机碳含量降低有一定贡献;土壤pH增加导致土壤有效磷含量降低;不同土地利用方式下土壤性质的对比表明,荒地质地粗、养分含量低、pH高;公园绿地和街边绿地土壤有效磷含量较高,街边绿地土壤有机碳含量较低。根据以上结果,减少土壤中粗骨性侵入体的含量和合理管理土壤磷对于郑州市城市土壤管理有现实意义。     

橡胶园土壤若干微量元素含量 ——以海南省胶园土为例

胶园土壤微量元素含量有一定的特征。海南省胶园土个别样点Ｃｄ偏高,Ｃｕ偏低,其它样点Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｈｇ含量正常。土壤母质、质地、化学组成、耕作等对微量元素含量有一定影响。玄武岩上的胶园土微量元素较丰富。质地粘重的土壤微量元素含量往往较高。由于铁的水合物吸附固定作用,Ｃｕ、Ｚｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量与Ｆｅ含量有一定关系。Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ的许多化学性质相似,它们的含量有一定的相关性。     

荔枝叶片与土壤常量元素质量分数年周期变化研究

从１９９７年开始,对荔枝叶片和土壤常量有效养分质量分数、ｐＨ值的年周期变化进行了研究。通过统计学分析,初步探明叶片各元素质量分数季节性变化的模式及其特点,以及土壤有效养分质量分数、ｐＨ值年周期变化的趋势;分析了年周期变化中叶片与土壤分析值之间的相关性。     

广州郊区农业土壤重金属含量与土壤性质的关系

研究了广州郊区农业土壤性质和土壤中的重金属含量,并对2者的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明:广州郊区农业土壤中壤土占样品总数的70.5%,土壤pH值平均为5.93,土壤有机质平均含量为31 7g·kg-1,土壤阳离子交换量不高,且各区之间变幅较大;Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、As和Hg有效态含量在3种土壤中顺序为菜园土>水稻土>赤红壤;土壤重金属和土壤理化性质间的关系复杂,如有效态Cu、Zn、Ni与土壤有机质含量呈极显著相关,Cd与土壤有机质含量和土壤粘粒含量呈极显著相关,As除与有机质含量和粘粒含量有关,与pH、阳离子交换量也有极显著相关关系。     

应用土壤肥力系统研究法诊断芒果国土壤的矿质营养

广东省赤红壤垦种芒果后，土壤的矿质营养状况基本上改善不大，地力产量仍然很低。应用土壤肥力系统研究法诊断土壤营养元素的结果表明，其缺素效应排序为：Ｎ＞Ｐ、Ｃａ＞Ｋ＞Ｍｇ；土壤Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ无缺素反应，而Ｓ、Ｂ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ和Ｚｎ有个别土样显示缺素效应，对这些元素丰缺的确切结论，有待进一步研究。     

亚热带茶园土壤的某些生物化学性状研究

茶园土壤的有机质含量、腐殖质组成、有机碳的循环与平衡特点、酶活性及其在施肥条件下的变化情况与土壤肥力密切相关．试验结果表明：亚热带茶园土壤有机质含量水平较低，腐殖质组成中以富里酸为主，HA／FA比、酶活性均比起源土壤略低；高产茶园土壤有机碳库的循环水平较高，在不施有机肥的情况下仍能保持平衡；低产茶园土壤有机碳库的循环水平较低，输出大于输入，施用有机肥可以较快地提高茶园土壤有机质含量和酶活性水平．增施有机肥和实行茶林复合是培肥茶园土壤、提高茶园生产力的有效措施．     

南方高产茶园土壤养分特性

本文对南方高产获园土壤养分特性进行研究．结果表明，高产茶园土壤表层碱解Ｎ１００．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ、全Ｎ１．３８ｇ／ｋｇ．有机质３１．０ｇ／ｋｇ，均按丰富；茶叶产量与上壤碱解Ｎ呈显著正相关．由于重施磷肥，磷素在土壤中趋于积累．土壤表层全磷含量比相应的荒地土壤平均高０．４７ｇ／ｋｇ．由于少施钾肥．老茶园土壤比荒地土壤全钾含量明显下降，下降率最高达３０．２５％，平均达２５．６０％．高产茶园土壤具有独特的熟化层（２０－４０ｃｍ）．红壤茶园土壤肥力最高，赤红壤和砖红壤茶园相近．根据研究结果，建议采用‘控氮、降磷、增钾”的施肥原则．     

酸性硫酸盐土的环境影响及其防治

酸性硫酸盐土是一种分布于热带、亚热带湿润气候区海岸带的劣质土壤,在港湾生态系统中实际扮演着潜在污染源的角色.本文系统综述了酸性硫酸盐土的环境影响及其防治技术,提出了我国酸性硫酸盐土环境影响防治的对策。     

城市居民区圆柏花粉浓度的时空变化及其影响因素

通过对散粉期间居民区建筑不同位置、不同高度的圆柏花粉浓度进行了全天昼夜监测。结果表明居民楼群环境对圆柏花粉的时空分布有一定的影响,具体变化规律为:1)城市居民区内圆柏花粉浓度日变化为双峰单谷型,正午前后是首次高峰期,平均浓度为25粒/(h.cm2),凌晨左右为次高峰期,谷值出现在下午18:00时到人们晚上休息之前,平均浓度为2粒/(h.cm2)。2)总体上城市楼群边缘圆柏花粉浓度垂直分布梯度为1.5 m>13.5 m>7.5 m,楼群中心圆柏花粉浓度垂直变化梯度为13.5 m>7.5 m>1.5 m。但是不同时段内,由于主导因素不同,花粉浓度的垂直分布不尽一致。最后,还分析了气象要素对圆柏花粉浓度的影响。     

Dissolved Organic Matter in Forest Soils: Sources, Complexing Properties and Action On Herbaceous Plants

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of plant-soil systems. Its essential role in soil solution chemistry, soil-forming processes and its effects on biota, including soil fauna, bacteria, fungi and plants, is extensively documented in literature. in this contribution several forest leaf litter types are compared as sources of DOM and the released organics are subjected to gel permeation chromatography to reveal their molecular-size distribution. Moreover, complexing properties, as an indication for the podzolization potential of the litter leachates, were established. the occurrence and properties of DOM in different soil horizons were monitored beneath a stand of Scots pine. the effects of the different groups of soluble organics including phenolic, fulvic and humic acids, and of water-extractable humic substances on the performance of herbaceous plants of the forest floor are briefly reviewed.     

Behaviour of Chemical Elements in Plants and Soils

Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences.     

湖南省稻田土壤硫素状况研究

采集湖南省主要母质类型的稻田土壤,进行土壤全硫、有效硫及其相关性质的分析研究。结果表明,（1）供试耕层土壤全硫含量在0.266～0.885 g/kg 之间,平均0.539 g/kg。土壤有效硫变动范围为17.7～135.1 mg/kg,平均56.7 mg/kg。土壤全硫和有效硫之间有极显著的相关性,相关系数为0.423**(n =40）。（2）随着土壤剖面层次的加深,土壤有效硫和全硫含量逐渐减少。（3）耕层土壤C∶N,C∶S,N∶S比率分别为9.3～14.5,34.5～62.8和3.1～6.3;土壤C∶N∶P∶S比率平均为48.7∶4.67∶1.4∶1。（4）相关分析表明,土壤全硫与土壤全N、 全P、有机C之间均呈极显著正相关,且以N、S之间的相关性最为密切。     

Mapping Soil Lead and Remediation Needs in Contaminated Soils

For the past two decades, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration has made a systematic investigation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn in agricultural soils to identify soil pollution from industrial production. The EPA has cooperated with local governmental agencies to establish a soil quality monitoring system that would upgrade the land recovery ability and prohibit polluted lands from being cultivated or turned over to other uses. Based on an island-wide soil survey, more than 1,000 hectares of arable soils in Taiwan were found to be considerably contaminated by heavy metals. One of the heavy metal contaminated sites, located near a ceramic product manufacturing factory in Nantou County, was identified as lead contaminated. According to the Nantou Environmental Protection Bureau, the lead content in contaminated sites showed a great variation of several mg Pbkg^–1 soil to several thousands mg Pbkg^–1 soil. Therefore, it is appropriate to estimate the lead spatial distribution through geostatistics such as Kriging. The soil lead concentration contour maps obtained by Kriging can help us to identify the pollution patterns and delineate the range of contaminated sites. The purpose of this study is to determine the Pb concentrations at each location by performing detailed soil sampling on those Pb contaminated sites and estimating the lead spatial distributions by Kriging. A total of 70 soils were sampled from different locations at two experiment sites. Lead contents were determined with 0.1M HCl extractable lead content of the soils. The results obtained by investigating the lead contents in each 15cm segment down to a 60cm depth, revealed that lead contents were greater in arable land near the ceramic products manufacturing factory, and lead concentrations decreased with depth. In addition, Pb concentrations in heavily contaminated soils showed heavy concentrations of Pb in specific locations. Results from Pb content spatial distributions indicated that the Kriging model is a useful tool and can provide decision-makers with critical information for delineating hazardous areas in heavy metal contaminated sites.