厌氧处理原理及其在低浓度有机废水处理中的应用现状

介绍了厌氧处理原理，并对厌氧处理低浓度废水的最新进展进行了较全面的综速，高效厌氧反应器及组合工艺为这一发展提供了可能。高效厌氧反应器中以膨胀颗粒污泥床（ECSB）反应器为首选。其结构及远行特性决定了它在处理低浓度虚水方面具有潜在的优势，但中国EC,SB的应用仅处于研究阶段，尚未有生产规模的EGSB；组合工艺对低浓度废水中污染物去除率极高，出水中COD、NH3-N、TP和SS浓度均可达到较高的排放标准，对生活污水、稀释后的工业有机废水等低浓度有机废水处理具有广阔的前景。     

厌氧膨胀颗粒床（EGSB）反应器在有机废水治理中的研究进展

厌氧膨胀颗粒床（EGSB）反应器作为第三代高效厌氧反应器代表工艺之一,它通过增大反应器的高径比和采用出水回流技术,使反应器内的水力上升流速远远高于UASB反应器,强化了传质效果,提高了处理效率。适用于超高浓度和含有毒物质的工业废水,也特别适用于低温低浓度有机废水的处理。还展望了EGSB反应器未来的发展前景。     

厌氧工艺在低浓度废水处理中的应用

高效厌氧反应器是应用于污水处理的一种生物处理系统,因其运行费用低、能耗少且可产生有用副产物甲烷等优点,在低浓度废水处理中逐渐成为应用研究的热点。在系统考查各种应用于低浓度废水的厌氧工艺基础上,重点介绍了上流式厌氧污泥床、厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床、厌氧流化床反应器、厌氧膜生物反应器及组合厌氧工艺在低浓度废水处理中的应用。     

ABR处理低浓度废水的研究进展

厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)作为一种新型高效的处理工艺,不仅在处理高浓度有机废水的研究和应用方面取得了较大的进展,而且在处理低浓度废水方面也越来越引起重视。总结了应用ABR处理低浓度废水的研究进展,着重分析介绍了反应器启动和运行效能,以及溶解性微生物产物(SMP)对处理效果的影响。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床在中国制药工业废水处理中的应用

介绍了膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器的特征及在中国应用研究进展。EGSB反应器是在UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧生物反应器。由于其独特的技术优势,可用于多种有机污水的处理,并且获得较高的处理效率,在高浓度有机废水及毒性废水中有较多的应用基础研究,为生产性试验和进一步工程应用奠定了基础。     

废水厌氧处理研究前沿和趋势探讨

废水厌氧处理作为一种有竞争力的、经济的、日益成熟的生物处理工艺,是一种集环境保护、能源回收和生态良性循环于一体的技术,具有良好的社会、经济、环境效益,其研究和应用日益受到重视,工程化推广应用极其广泛。本文讨论了废水厌氧反应器的发展历程、厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮技术、两相生物反应器、高硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理技术,并对目前废水厌氧处理的热点问题及发展趋势进行了展望。     

新型厌氧处理工艺—厌氧折流板反应器

厌氧折流返反应器（ＡＢＲ）是一种新型高效的厌氧处理工艺，适用于中，高浓度有机废水的处理，容积负荷达１０－３０ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，其ＣＯＤ去除率可达７５－９０％，该工艺具有构造简单，运行方便，效果稳定等优良特性。文中对该工艺的原理，性能及其主要应用进行了介绍。     

EGSB反应器初期启动颗粒污泥显微特征

EGSB反应器在常温下处理低浓度的污水以及高浓度难降解的工业废水方面有着其它厌氧反应器所不可比拟的优势.厌氧颗粒污泥是EGSB反应器高效稳定运行的关键,通过显微观察研究了EGSB反应器初期启动过程中颗粒污泥的特征.污泥颗粒化进展顺利标志着EGSB反应器初期启动成功.     

EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床工作状况及污泥性质研究

研究了处理低浓度有机废水的EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床状况及颗粒污泥的性质,结果表明,液体表面上升流速(V_up)是影响EGSB反应器效能的重要参数,当进水COD为600～800mg/L时,较佳的液体表面上升流速(V_up)为1.5～4.5m/h,在此条件下,EGSB反应器COD负荷为24.5～25.7kg/(m3·d),COD去除率大于85%;同时还发现,经过一定时间的运行后,反应器中颗粒污泥粒径分布、沉降速度、胞外聚合物(ECP)等性质都发生了明显变化,颗粒污泥的平均粒径由0.85mm增加到1.78mm,平均沉降速度由41.2m/h提高到83.2m/h,而胞外聚合物(ECP)的含量则由接种污泥的32.5mg/g增加到57.8mg/g。      

我国低浓度废水处理的工艺研究

综述了低浓度废水处理的工艺技术,重点介绍了生物膜工艺、序批式活性污泥工艺(SBR)、改良A2/O工艺、人工湿地处理工艺、升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB工艺)、膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB工艺)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR工艺).     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

厌氧生物处理技术应用研究与展望

综述了厌氧处理工艺应用于工业废水处理的研究进展,并对厌氧工艺与好氧工艺进行了对比,总结了厌氧工艺的特性;阐释了厌氧工艺的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,重点介绍了厌氧流化床反应器(AFBR)、上流式厌氧滤池、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)、复合厌氧反应器。     

厌氧反应器中污泥迅速颗粒化研究

以实验室规模的厌氧膨胀污泥床反应器(简称EGSB)内的活性污泥为研究对象，主要讨论影响活性污泥迅速颗粒化的因素，以加快絮状污泥的颗粒化进程。采用对比的实验方法，分别在反应器内加入小球藻和活性炭为载体进行对照实验。结果表明，小球藻和活性炭的加入在迅速提高COD去除率，污泥粒径增大和增强颗粒污泥沉降性方面有明显优势，胞外多聚物的含量均比接种时和对照实验中的相关数据有明显增加，颗粒污泥表面以产甲烷丝状菌和杆状菌为主。小球藻和活性炭的加入有助于加快活性污泥的颗粒化进程。     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

厌氧工艺的发展和新型厌氧反应器

回顾了厌氧技术的发展,着重介绍厌氧反应器的发展趋势。对第三代的典型反应器,如颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器,厌氧内循环反应器和厌氧升流式流化床原理和应用进行了详细的介绍,并且对笔者在城市污水厌氧处理方面的实践也进行了介绍。     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…