PVDF超滤膜进行聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PEGMA)紫外光照射接枝的膜面表征与抗污染分析

本文采用紫外光照射接枝的方法将聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PEGMA)亲水单体接枝在疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜表面,改善PVDF膜的亲水性能.实验中以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂作为对比,发现添加MBAA可以减少PEG接枝层的溶胀性.本实验研究不同改性条件对膜性能的影响,利用表面接触角(CA)、红外光谱分析(ATR-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征膜表面特征,同时研究了改性膜对乳化油和牛血清蛋白溶液分离效率和抗污染能力.实验结果表明,经改性后膜亲水性明显提高,对污染物的截留效果和抗污染能力均有所提高.     

改性钒基整体式催化剂的制备及其对燃煤烟气中甲苯与一氧化氮的同步去除性能

采用工业上简易可行的单组分浸渍法和多组分浸渍法制备了一系列Cu/Fe/Mo改性的钒钛基整体式催化剂,考察了不同整体式催化剂制备工艺及浸渍液浓度对催化剂在模拟燃煤烟气中对甲苯和NO同步去除的性能,并优选出适应燃煤烟气的改性催化剂制备工艺及配方.结果表明,使用单组分浸渍法制备的浸渍液浓度为0.5％的Fe改性钒钛基整体式催化...     

Preparation, characterization and performance of an electrospun carbon nanofiber mat applied in hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), a highly toxic oxyanion known as a carcinogen and mutagen,is an issue of concern due to its adverse impact on human health. Therefore, development of effective technologies and/or materials for Cr(VI) removal from water has been of great interest for researchers. In this study, an electrospun carbon nanofiber(CNF) mat was prepared via electrospinning polyacrylonitrile(PAN), followed by thermal pre-oxidation and carbonization. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation showed that the fiber diameter of the CNF with carbonization temperature of 950°C(CNF_(950)) was about 266 nm.Potentiometric titration analysis demonstrated that the point of zero charge p H(pHpzc) of CNF_(950) was around 7.93. CNF_(950) demonstrated high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics for Cr(VI) at pH 3. Langmuir isotherm calculations showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on CNF_(950) was 118.8 mg/g at pH 2. The adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI) on CNF_(950) was well described by the Redlich–Peterson model, revealing that Cr(VI)adsorption was the result of a combination of monolayer and multilayer adsorption,depending on the initial Cr(VI) concentration. Solution pH greatly affected Cr(VI) adsorption onto CNF_(950) due to the electrostatic interaction, and the adsorption capacity was relatively high when pH was below 3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis revealed that the removal of Cr(VI) might be the result of a combination of redox reaction and electrostatic adsorption. The adsorption-saturated CNF_(950) could be regenerated by NaOH solution. This study extends the potential applicability of electrospun CNF mats for Cr(VI)-contaminated water purification.     

Influence of modified biochar supported sulfidation of nano-zero-valent-iron (S-nZVI/BC) on nitrate removal and greenhouse gas emission in constructed wetland

In this study, the biochar (BC) produced from sawdust, sludge, reed and walnut were used to support sulfidation of nano-zero-valent-iron (S-nZVI) to enhance nitrate (${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$-N) removal and investigate the impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Batch experiment results showed the S-nZVI/BC_{sawdust (2:1, 500)}, S-nZVI/BC_{sludge (2:1, 900)}, S-nZVI/BC_{reed (2:1, 700)}, and S-nZVI/BC _{walnut (2:1, 700)} respectively improved ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$-N removal efficiencies by 22%, 20%, 3% and 0.1%, and the selectivity toward N₂ by 22%, 25%, 22% and 18%. S-nZVI uniformly loaded on BC provided electrons for the conversion of ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$-N to N₂ through Fe⁰. At the same time, FeS_x layer was formed on the outer layer of ZVI in the sulfidation process to prevent iron oxidation, so as to improve the electrons utilization efficiency After adding four kinds of S-nZVI/BC into constructed wetlands (CWs), the ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$-N removal efficiencies could reach 100% and the N₂O emission fluxes were reduced by 24.17%-36.63%. And the average removal efficiencies of TN, COD, TP were increased by 21.9%, -16.5%, 44.3%, repectively. The increasing relative abundances of denitrifying bacteria, such as Comamonas and Simplicispira, suggested that S-nZVI/BC could also improve the process of microbial denitrification. In addition, different S-nZVI/BC had different effects on denitrification functional genes (narG, nirk, nirS and nosZ genes), methanotrophs (pmoA) and methanogenesis (mcrA). This research provided an effective method to improve ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$-N removal and reduce N₂O emission in CWs.