共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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为解决油田采出水微生物处理菌株的应用局限,通过He-Ne激光和紫外线复合诱变,选育出能够在油田采出水中快速生长,并有效降解油田采出水主要危害成分的5种优势菌株。经形态学和生理生化鉴定,这5株菌分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)、多食鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium multivorum)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和解脂假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)。经检验,所筛选的菌株均能降解石油烃类以及聚丙烯酰胺类物质,并对高碱、高温环境有一定耐受性,可将其直接应用于油田采出水的处理。 相似文献
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高级氧化技术对油田压裂返排液中难降解有机污染物的深度处理显示出了较好的效果。文章在阐述高级氧化技术处理油田压裂返排液原理的基础上,简要介绍了油田压裂返排液处理方面的几种高级氧化技术:化学氧化、光催化氧化、电催化氧化、Fenton氧化法、湿式空气氧化、超临界水氧化、超声波氧化,重点讨论了高级氧化技术在油田压裂返排液深度处理中的应用情况,并对其在油田压裂返排液处理方面的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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催化过氧化氢氧化法(CWPO)是一种有效处理难降解废水的新技术。本文介绍了均相催化、非均相催化及酶催化过氧化氢氧化法在难降解有机废水处理中的应用,探讨了各种因素对CWPO法处理效果的影响,对CWPO技术的研究方向和发展前景作了展望。 相似文献
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Fenton氧化法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势,是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。在阐述传统Fenton氧化、光Fenton氧化、电Fenton氧化技术的基础上,介绍了三种氧化技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用现状,并对其在废水处理中的优势、存在问题和研究方向作出了系统评述。 相似文献
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二噁英是一类剧毒的持久性有机污染物和一级致癌物质。脱氯降解是降低二噁英毒性的有效途径之一。本文首先介绍了二噁英的种类、来源和危害,其次对二噁英的降解方法包括光降解、光-Fenton降解、生物降解、热降解、化学降解脱氯作了简要评述,比较了各种降解方法的优劣。 相似文献
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Photodegradation of selected herbicides in various natural waters and soils under environmental conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The photochemical degradation of herbicides belonging to different chemical groups has been investigated in different types of natural waters (ground, river, lake, marine) and distilled water as well as in soils with different texture and composition. Studied herbicides and chemical groups included atrazine, propazine, and prometryne (s-triazines); propachlor and propanil (acetanilides); and molinate (thiocarbamate). The degradation kinetics were monitored under natural conditions of sunlight and temperature. Photodegradation experiments were performed in May through July 1998 at low concentrations in water samples (2-10 mg/L) and soil samples (5-20 mg/kg), which are close to usual field dosage. The photodegradation rates of all studied herbicides in different natural waters followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. The half-lives of the selected herbicides varied from 26 to 73 calendar days in waters and from 12 to 40 d in soil surfaces, showing that the degradation process depends on the constitution of the irradiated media. The presence of humic substances in the lake, river, and marine water samples reduces degradation rates in comparison with the distilled and ground water. On the contrary, the degradation in soil is accelerated as the percentage of organic matter increases. Generally, the photodegradation process in soil is faster than in water. The major photodegradation products identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were the hydroxy and dealkylated derivatives for s-triazines, the dechlorinated and hydroxy derivative for the anilides, and the keto-derivative for the thiocarbamate, indicating a similar mode of degradation for each chemical category. 相似文献
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耐盐石油降解菌性能及降解条件优化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
从冀东油田钻井废液中筛选分离出耐盐石油降解菌Virgibacillus sp.(简称SJ菌),其在高含盐条件下对石油具有较好的降解效果,高达56.12%左右。考察了pH值、盐度、不同N和P形态等因素对SJ菌降解石油效果的影响。结果表明:SJ菌有较宽的pH值适应范围(pH值为6~10)和较好的耐盐能力(0.5%~20%),在pH值为9及NaCl质量浓度为5%时对石油类降解效果最好,其最佳利用N源和P源分别为(NH2)2CO和KH2PO4,该研究为油田高含盐含油废液处理提供了一条新途径。 相似文献