注汽锅炉烟气余热利用技术应用

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力分析和开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用了在对流段安装热管换热器,通过换热器将烟气余热与助燃空气换热,余热利用技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低的目的,取得良好的节能效果。     

燃煤锅炉低温烟气余热利用探讨

针对燃煤锅炉燃烧产生的低温烟气仍具有一定温度的现象,提出通过增设超导热管空气预热器对这部分低温烟气余热加以回收的设想,对锅炉送风进行预热,探讨烟气余热利用可达到的送风温度、节能效果及可能产生的经济效益。     

余热利用高效节能电除尘技术及工程应用

论述了余热利用高效节能电除尘技术的定义、工作原理,介绍了燃煤电站采用烟气余热利用高效节能电除尘技术的几种典型布置方式。重点介绍了该技术在宁德电厂600MW燃煤锅炉上的工程应用情况,通过烟气余热利用高效节能电除尘技术达到了"提效"和"节能"的双重目的。     

稠油热采注汽锅炉清灰技术研究与应用

辽河油田是以稠油热采为主的油田,稠油热采所需的高温高压蒸气来源于热采注汽锅炉,对流段是稠油热采注汽锅炉重要组成部分,在对流段中,水将吸收大量的热量,但对流段积灰状况、清灰方式等严重影响锅炉热效率。通过分析稠油热采注汽锅炉清灰技术现状,研究安全高效的清灰方式,可以延长清灰周期、降低排烟温度、提高热采注汽锅炉的热效率、减少燃料用量、降低锅炉单耗,从而达到节能增效的目的。     

浅谈燃气发电厂如何实施清洁生产

文章通过对某燃气发电厂实施安装投入运行溴冷机、改造增压机控制系统、改造厂房冷却水回收系统、改造余热锅炉尾部加装换热器、实现余热再利用等清洁生产的技术措施,实施小指标考核等清洁生产的管理措施,取得较好的节能降耗效果。这些措施为同类企业实施清洁生产提供了经验,并为企业降低能耗指标提供了技术支持。     

氟塑料换热相变凝聚器技术及工程应用

与金属换热器相比,氟塑料换热器具有耐腐蚀性极强、耐高温和低温、防结垢、低阻力、使用寿命长、具备自清洁功能等优点,适用于脱硫塔前、后降低烟温和脱硫塔后提升烟温。氟塑料换热相变凝聚器通过降低脱硫塔后高湿烟气温度,实现收水、除尘、余热回收等多重功能,示范项目经测试,颗粒物和SO3均具有较好的脱除效果,并可实现烟气含水及其汽化潜热的有效回收利用,为电厂创造实际经济效益。     

火电厂烟气余热利用及深度治理综合技术应用

文章阐述了火电厂烟气余热利用及烟气深度治理系统的应用效果,介绍了该系统的组成及工作原理,该系统具有治理烟羽、烟气余热利用、烟气提水的功效,在满足发电厂烟气近零排放的前提下,可降低机组整体的水耗和煤耗。     

燃用高硫煤锅炉排烟余热回收及减排综合应用研究

针对燃用高硫煤锅炉,提出了一套耦合集成两级低温省煤器、暖风器三位一体的"高硫煤锅炉排烟余热回收及减排综合应用系统",该系统高效节能,实现了烟气余热的梯级利用,取代传统的蒸汽暖风器,并同时解决了燃用高硫煤空预器积灰、堵塞问题,在燃用高硫煤锅炉机组中具有广泛的应用前景。     

稠油热采注汽锅炉节能减排措施实践

提高注汽锅炉系统热率是节能降耗、降本增效的主要挖潜方向。为此开展了一系列节能技术的研究,先后开展了热管空气换热器、高温辐射涂料的节能、硬度在线检测、对流段翅片管硬垢清洗技术的推广应用,通过这些技术的实施应用,取得一定的社会效益和经济效益。     

新疆油田温室气体减排潜力分析与应用

文章通过简要阐述新疆油田温室气体重点排放过程,指出新疆油田温室气体减排和控制工作的方向,通过对注汽锅炉、天然气处理、储罐、能源结构优化、科技减排技术研究等工艺的研究分析,提出并实施一系列减排工作,在实践中通过对注汽系统减排措施的应用大幅降低了油田温室气体排放量,为新疆油田公司温室气体减排提出了新方向。     

市政污泥干化焚烧工艺设计与思考

以南方经济发达地区100 tDS/d的污泥干化焚烧发电工程为例,介绍了污泥处置的热电联用系统.工程利用离心干化设备,以废蒸汽为热源干化污泥,提高热值,干化污泥与生物质在循环流化床锅炉中协同焚烧,焚烧产生的蒸汽通过汽轮发电机组发电自用.烟气经过多级处理后达标排放,废水、飞灰和炉渣都得到有效的处理与处置.该工程的实施缓解了...     

蒸汽排放降噪式污水回收装置研究及应用

注汽锅炉是稠油油田热注作业生产使用的主要设备,当需要停止注汽或需要维修时,需将炉内的高温高压蒸汽进行排空,才能保证安全作业;而高压蒸汽直接进行排空时,会产生120 dB(A)以上的强烈的噪声污染,针对此问题曙光油田研制了"蒸汽排放降噪式污水回收装置"。文章介绍了其降噪及污水回收原理,对其现场应用情况进行了说明。实际应用效果表明,该装置可以达到降噪、节水、减排多重作用。     

集中供热锅炉烟气脱硝技术的开发与应用

通过锅炉结构的改进、SCR工艺装置的优化、快速跟踪负荷变化的还原剂制备及控制调节技术的开发和应用等系统性的工作,有效满足了集中供热锅炉房烟气脱硝工程的技术要求,成功开发了集中供热锅炉烟气脱硝技术。在实际工程应用中,确保了在不同负荷段下,锅炉至SCR装置入口段的温度满足脱硝要求,SCR工艺装置能够在不同负荷下连续稳定运行并很好地跟踪负荷的变化,确保氨逃逸率满足设计要求,保证锅炉的安全稳定运行。     

气田增压机组烟气余热利用技术

综述国内外烟气余热利用技术的研究及应用现状,主要包括热能直接回收、吸收式制冷、有机朗肯循环和温差发电等方式。结合气田开采实际,分析讨论各类余热利用技术在气田增压机组烟气余热利用中的应用潜力和发展方向。在选择余热利用方案时,应结合气田增压机组现有条件、机组性能以及运行模式等因素进行综合评估。     

烟气回流工艺在垃圾焚烧系统NOX减排中的工程应用分析

为有效抑制生活垃圾在机械炉排炉焚烧过程中NO_X的产生,有研究者提出采用烟气回流技术可以有效抑制NO_X的生成和排放。目前关于烟气回流技术的理论研究和数值模拟较多,而基于实际工程应用的研究较少。选择了烟气回流工艺在山东省某生活垃圾焚烧项目上的应用情况进行研究,从烟气回流工艺的技术原理、排放指标、运营数据和经济性等方面进行了分析,同时也总结了本工艺在应用过程中需注意的事项。研究表明,采用烟气回流工艺的#3炉引风机出口NOX平均排放和氨水平均用量比未采用烟气回流工艺的#1炉,分别降低了25.8%和43.7%,且NO_X浓度波动与烟气含氧量密切相关。总体上,烟气回流工艺的使用能够有效抑制NOX_的产生,并且同时减少了氨水等物料的消耗,降低了运营的成本。但是当进入焚烧炉的垃圾品质出现急剧恶化的情况下,会影响焚烧炉的燃烧工况而使烟气回流量降低,导致NOX减排效果下降。     

Oxy-fuel coal combustion—A review of the current state-of-the-art

Carbon dioxide emissions will continue being a major environmental concern due to the fact that coal will remain a major fossil-fuel energy resource for the next few decades. To meet future targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, capture and storage of CO₂ is required. Carbon capture and storage technologies that are currently the focus of research centres and industry include: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. This review deals with the oxy-fuel coal combustion process, primarily focusing on pulverised coal (PC) combustion, and its related research and development topics. In addition, research results related to oxy-fuel combustion in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) will be briefly dealt with.During oxy-fuel combustion, a combination of oxygen, with a purity of more than 95 vol.%, and recycled flue gas (RFG) referred to as oxidant is used for combusting the fuel producing a gas consisting of mainly CO₂ and water vapour, which after purification and compression, is ready for storage. The high oxygen demand is supplied by a cryogenic air separation process, which is the only commercially available mature technology. The separation of oxygen from air as well as the purification and liquefaction of the CO₂-enriched flue gas consumes significant auxiliary power. Therefore, the overall net efficiency is expected to be decreased by 8–12% points, corresponding to a 21–35% increase in fuel consumption. Alternatively, ion transport membranes (ITMs) are proposed for oxygen separation, which might be more energy efficient. However, since ITMs are far away from becoming a mature technology, it is widely expected that cryogenic air separation will be the selected technology in the near future. Oxygen combustion is associated with higher temperatures compared with conventional air combustion. Both fuel properties as well as limitations of steam and metal temperatures of the various heat exchanger sections of the boiler require a moderation of the temperatures in the combustion zone and in the heat-transfer sections. This moderation in temperature is accomplished by means of recycled flue gas. The interdependencies between the fuel properties, the amount and temperature of the recycled flue gas, and the resulting oxygen concentration in the combustion atmosphere are reviewed.The different gas atmosphere resulting from oxy-fuel combustion gives rise to various questions related to firing, in particular, with respect to the combustion mechanism, pollutant reduction, the risk of corrosion, and the properties of the fly ash or its resulting deposits. In this review, detailed nitrogen and sulphur chemistry was investigated in a laboratory-scale facility under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Oxidant staging succeeded in reducing NO formation with effectiveness comparable to that typically observed in conventional air combustion. With regard to sulphur, a considerable increase in the SO₂ concentration was measured, as expected. However, the H₂S concentration in the combustion atmosphere in the near-flame zone increased as well. Further results were obtained in a pilot-scale test facility, whereby acid dew points were measured and deposition probes were exposed to the combustion environment. Slagging, fouling and corrosion issues have so far been addressed via short-term exposure and require further investigation.Modelling of PC combustion processes by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become state-of-the-art for conventional air combustion. Nevertheless, the application of these models for oxy-fuel combustion conditions needs adaptation since the combustion chemistry and radiative heat transfer is altered due to the different combustion gas atmosphere.CFB technology can be considered mature for conventional air combustion. In addition to its inherent advantages like good environmental performance and fuel flexibility, it offers the possibility of additional heat exchanger arrangements in the solid recirculation system, i.e. the ability to control combustion temperatures despite relatively low flue gas recycle ratios even when combusting in the presence of high oxygen concentrations.     

中小型锅炉烟气脱硫（VGD）的技术路线

概述了我国．当前SO2减排控制的紧迫性和重要性,以及中小型锅炉烟气脱硫的特点和脱硫技术现状。对几种适用的FGD工艺和主要装置形式进行了分析介绍;对中小型锅炉烟气净化处理的各种技术路线进行了讨论比较,并对它们的发展方向及脱硫工艺中存在的问题提出了建议。