平煤集团煤与瓦斯突出强度预测的模糊综合评判

依据平煤集团历年煤与瓦斯突出事例的统计数据,应用7±2心理极限概念,合理选定模糊评判因素集,采用层次分析法确定各因素对突出强度的贡献度权重;采用定性数据定量化理论建立了各因素隶属于大型突出、中型突出和小型突出的隶属度;采用二级模糊综合评判方法和“加权平均型”评判数学模型,在国内外首次建立了煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模糊综合评判方法,按最大隶属度判别准则实现对突出强度的定量预测。对平煤集团91次突出事例突出强度预测验证表明,验证正确率为94 .5 % ,说明提出的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测方法在技术上是可行的,对突出矿井煤与瓦斯突出预测具有重要的指导意义。     

基于综合评判模型的煤与瓦斯突出危险程度预测

针对某些矿井出现的"低指标"突出现象,提出一种新的综合评判模型,用于煤与瓦斯突出危险程度预测。选取鉴定煤与瓦斯突出的4个单项指标临界值作为参考点,建立煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测综合评判准则。当评判距离Ri属于[0,1],判断突出强度;当Ri属于[-1,0],判断突出危险可能性,量化了突出强度及可能突出的危险程度,并划分突出强度、突出危险可能性等级。利用模型对淮南矿突出程度进行预测,预测结果与实际吻合,实现了定性语言与定量数据相结合的突出预测,为煤与瓦斯突出提供了一种新的预测方法。     

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素评价分析的模糊层次分析方法

在综合分析煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素的基础上,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）建立了煤与瓦斯突出模糊层次分析模型并进行了实例分析,确定了煤与瓦斯突出各影响因素的权重系数。评价结果表明：地应力、地质构造、瓦斯压力等是影响煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。为制定相应的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际情况的评价方法。     

应用层次分析-模糊综合评判法对煤与瓦斯突出危险性的预测

现场测定某矿掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出的预测指标值,该指标包括:电磁辐射强度、电磁辐射脉冲、软分层厚度、钻屑量、瓦斯涌出初速度和综合指标R;运用层次分析法确定各预测指标的重要程度;利用模糊数学综合评价方法对煤与瓦斯突出的危险性进行综合预测。结果表明,该方法对煤与瓦斯突出的预测结果与综合指标R预测情况符合性较好,具有较强的实用性和可靠性,对煤矿的安全生产工作具有一定的指导作用和借鉴价值。     

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素评价分析的模糊层次分析方法

采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP),建立煤与瓦斯突出模糊层次分析模型,并进行分析计算。依据模糊层次分析法,选择影响平煤集团12矿己组煤层煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,确定各因素的权重系数,并对其进行分析、排序,最后进行综合评定煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素。结果表明:地应力D,地质构造T,煤层瓦斯压力P等是影响该矿己组煤层煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。该FAHP的应用为制定相应的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际的评价方法。     

模糊综合评价法在煤与瓦斯突出危险性评估中的应用

为了直观准确地对煤矿进行煤与瓦斯突出危险进行评估,在工程实践中建立了安全评价模型,确定了体系层次结构,运用模糊数学方法和层次分析法合理地确定了各因素的权重以及各因素评判和整体综合评判,提高了结果的科学性、实用性。     

基于瓦斯地质与监控信息耦合的煤与瓦斯突出预测方法

在矿井瓦斯地质研究基础上,从地质、瓦斯及监测监控3方面选取9个指标构建了煤与瓦斯突出预测指标体系,并利用多元信息耦合技术建立了煤与瓦斯突出预测模型。其中特征级运用模糊综合评判对数据级预测指标信息进行耦合,决策级运用D-S证据理论对特征级预测信息进行耦合,通过分级耦合得出反映煤与瓦斯突出危险性等级的可信度值。以郑煤集团超化煤矿31041工作面下付巷为例,一方面将预测等级和现场预测等级及钻孔动力现象记录进行对比,另一方面对信息耦合模型的准确性和可靠性进行验证,结果表明应用多元信息耦合模型对煤与瓦斯突出预测是可行的。     

地质动力区划预测煤与瓦斯突出

为了确定煤与瓦斯突出矿井的突出危险区域,威胁区域和安全区域,提出基于地质动力区划的多因素模式识别概率预测方法预测煤与瓦斯突出的新思路。以鸡西滴道矿立井为研究对象,利用地质动力区划方法确定不同尺度和级别构造运动的特征,建立板块构造学说与矿井工程实际的联系,将对矿井煤与瓦斯突出产生影响的因素为参数,采用多因素模式识别概率预测方法划分研究区域内的危险区域。研究表明该方法对煤与瓦斯突出区域预测的合理性与有效性,可以在实际工程中应用推广。     

组合赋权-灰色聚类的煤与瓦斯突出危险评价

为有效预防煤矿井下煤与瓦斯突出事故，构建基于组合赋权-灰色聚类的煤与瓦斯突出危险评价模型。首先，基于轨迹交叉理论，从煤层物理学性质、瓦斯指标、煤层赋存条件3个方面选取预测指标，构建危险评价指标体系；然后，运用改进的层次分析法(IAHP)和熵权法(EWM),确定各指标权重，结合灰色聚类原理构建各指标的灰色模糊评价规范化等级判断矩阵，并根据最大隶属度原则预测煤与瓦斯突出等级；最后，以乌兰木伦煤矿12407综放工作面为应用实例，验证组合赋权-灰色聚类评价模型的科学性和有效性。结果表明：该工作面煤与瓦斯突出危险等级为Ⅴ,模型计算结果与现场实际基本吻合，其中，煤层物理学性质为主要诱导因素，评判结果与实际相吻合，证明文中所建模型具有一定的科学性和有效性。     

“三软”煤层煤与瓦斯突出事故树分析

掌握煤与瓦斯突出危险性和主要影响因素对突出防治至关重要。运用安全系统工程重要的系统分析方法——事故树分析法对"三软"煤层煤与瓦斯突出危险性进行系统分析,构建了"三软"煤层条件下煤与瓦斯突出的事故树,进行了定性分析和定量计算。结果表明,煤与瓦斯突出发生的概率为0.216 5,导致突出的可能途径有24种,预防突出的可能方案有5种,并计算出了各基本事件的结构重要度、概率重要度和临界重要度,确定了"三软"煤层中影响煤与瓦斯突出各因素的重要程度。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。