上海市餐厨垃圾管理处置现状及建议

结合日常管理工作,梳理了从餐厨垃圾的源头申报、中途收运到末端处置过程中存在的主要问题,如申报量不足、挂靠收运、执法难等,分析了这些问题影响管理推进的主要原因,并从政府管理资源、政策扶持、标准制定、规划布局等方面提出一些建议。     

县级餐厨垃圾协同处置的工程应用

随着国家垃圾分类政策及制度逐渐完善,生活垃圾焚烧厂原物料中餐厨垃圾部分亟需配套处理设施。某县级市建设的垃圾综合处理发电项目,集生活垃圾焚烧、污泥干化、餐厨垃圾和粪便处理为一体,工艺系统联通,实现多种垃圾的协同处置。其中餐厨垃圾以“固液分离+油水分离”为核心的工艺路线,经处理后实现固、液、油分离,固相废弃物输送至焚烧系统进行协同焚烧处理;液相废弃物油脂分离后,初级油脂作为生物柴油原料外销;废水输送至渗沥液处理系统协同处理。相较于独立设厂,建设造价及运营成本明显降低,实现经济效益与环境保护共赢。     

浅谈我国餐厨垃圾的回收与利用

随着我国经济发展及城镇化进程的加速,餐厨垃圾产生量近些年迅猛增长,餐厨垃圾的回收与资源化利用已成为解决城市环境问题的重要环节.对我国餐厨垃圾的回收与利用现状进行综述性分析,在此基础上提出了相应的对策和建议.     

发达国家餐厨垃圾回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家回收处理和再利用餐厨垃圾的管理和技术,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从技术、政策、法规等方面加强餐厨垃圾的再利用工作。     

餐厨废弃物管理探讨

污染环境和威胁人们健康的地沟油问题亟待解决,餐厨废弃物的管理被广泛关注。介绍了餐厨废弃物不当处理的危害,对典型城市经验进行了分析总结,并就餐厨废弃物的管理提出了若干建议。     

餐厨垃圾制备生物柴油工艺研究

分析利用餐厨垃圾生产生物柴油的现状及发展趋势,对餐厨垃圾生产生物柴油存在问题及对策进行探讨。     

餐厨废弃油脂全程管理实现途径研究

餐饮服务、食品生产及食品加工等环节产生的餐厨废弃油脂,其管理工作事关民生大计,紧系食品安全、生态环境和公众身体健康.为确保餐厨废弃油脂从源头到收运和处置流向的全程控制管理,结合上海实际,对餐厨废弃油脂全程管理的实现途径进行了研究和探讨.     

天津市餐厨垃圾回收现状与对策

餐厨垃圾是一种具有较高再生利用价值的资源,但是处置不当会给社会造成危害。天津市餐厨垃圾的回收包括规范化的再生资源回收企业回收、以养猪和炼制餐厨再生食用油为目的的非法回收商贩回收、城市普通生活垃圾收集处理系统回收等三种形式。以源头单独集中、清洁化单独收运、无害化处理和资源化利用为指导原则,开展城市餐厨垃圾的规范化回收符合发展循环经济的根本要求。从加强宣传教育、加大食用油监管力度、健全行政监管体系、完善餐厨垃圾规范化收集网络等角度,提出推动天津市餐厨垃圾回收规范化发展的对策。     

城市餐厨垃圾资源化技术应用现状与展望

介绍了餐厨垃圾的主要特点,列举了国内外城市餐厨垃圾的处理现状和主要资源化利用技术,分析主要技术的优势和劣势,对主要技术综合环境效益、经济效益和能耗等方面进行比较,得出厌氧消化等综合处理工艺较适合用于处理城市餐厨垃圾的结论,最后就餐厨垃圾处理设施规划中3个关键问题,即技术设计、产品销路和物流供应作了相应讨论。     

协同模式下餐厨垃圾的资源化处理探究

近年来,协同生活垃圾焚烧的餐厨垃圾处理模式以投入低、效益高的优势迅速发展,但该模式也面临餐厨垃圾资源化利用率低的弊端。将餐厨垃圾预处理产生的有机废弃物和入炉生活垃圾进行分析对比,发现有机废弃物中厨余含量高达92.7%,且有机废弃物比入炉生活垃圾的氮含量的高285.29%,热值低70.13%。可见,有机废弃物不适合直接焚烧。因此,对采用有机废弃物养殖黑水虻进行可行性分析,为其他同类项目提供借鉴。     

上海市生活垃圾处置情况及管理对策探讨

总结了2000-2004年上海市生活垃圾的产生量、资源化利用、最终处置及管理等情况,分析了目前在上海生活垃圾管理中存在的问题,为今后提高上海市生活垃圾管理水平提出了对策措施.     

危险废物焚烧厂烟气净化工艺设计与探讨

参考国内外已有的危险废物焚烧工程相关设计和研究资料,针对国内具有代表性的危险废物成分,采用设计计算得到危险废物焚烧烟气的污染物初始浓度,分析成熟的烟气净化工艺,对适合中国危险废物特点的危险废物焚烧厂烟气净化工艺进行了设计和探讨,为危险废物焚烧厂建设单位及设计单位等提供参考。     

A decision support system for the operational planning of solid waste collection

This study presents the conception, modeling, and implementation of a decision support system applied to the operational planning of solid waste collection systems, called SCOLDSS. The main functionality of the system is the generation of alternatives to the decision processes concerning: (a) the allocation of separate collection vehicles, as well as the determination of their routes and (b) the determination of the daily amount of solid waste to be sent to each sorting unit, in order to avoid waste of labor force and to reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfills. To develop the computer system, a combination of quantitative techniques was used, such as: simulation of discrete events and algorithms/heuristics for vehicle allocation and routing. The system was developed using the Borland Delphi environment and the commercial software Arena to carry out the simulations. We also present a computational study with real-life data from the solid waste collection in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in which we show that the results provided by the computational system outperform the operation planning currently adopted.     

Environmental assessment and accounting for the waste disposal stream in Bangkok,Thailand

It is very important that waste should be controlled and appropriately handled in a waste disposal stream, considering its impact on the environment. In this research, the LCA-EA model was applied to the current waste disposal stream of the BMR as well as other waste disposal stream scenarios, so that treatment cost, environmental load and environmental cost were assessed quantatively. The results of this study showed that in the current waste diposal stream in Bangkok, there were large contributions from carbon dioxide and methane to the greenhouse gas emissions from the stream. The study was able to quantify the reductions in environmental load associated with various waste disposal stream scenarios, using the baseline scenario as a standard.     

GIS-based modelling for the estimation of municipal solid waste generation and collection

In the present paper, an innovative model for the estimation of municipal solid waste generation and collection is proposed. This model is part of an extended solid waste management system and uses a spatial Geodatabase, integrated in a GIS environment. It takes into consideration several parameters of waste generation, such as population density, commercial activities, road characteristics and their influence on the location and allocation of waste bins. Ground-based analysis was applied for the estimation of the inter-relations between the aforementioned factors and the variations in waste generation between residential and commercial areas. Therefore, the proposed model follows a unified categorization approach for residential and commercial activities and focuses on the dominant factors that determine waste generation in the area under study. The most important result of the research work presented in the current paper is an accurate estimation of the optimal number of waste bins and their allocation. A new methodology and an appropriate algorithm have been developed for this purpose in order to facilitate routing and waste collection. By using these results, municipalities aware of social, economical and environmental factors, related to waste management, can achieve optimal usage of their resources and offer the best possible services to their citizens.     

A survey on characteristics of leachate pond in an offshore municipal solid waste disposal site

Leachate from a landfill is collected and flowed in leachate accumulation pond, and sent to treatment facility. However, leachate in the pond can be a source of complaints from residents due to off coloration or odor, particularly near heavily populated urban areas. In this study, for the purpose of appropriate control of leachate pond, pond water and sediment were sampled in an offshore municipal solid waste disposal site 2 years after the disposal site was closed, and analyzed some parameters to estimate their properties. The pond water had high alkalinity due to the disposal of incineration residues, and EC and COD_Mn were also high. On the other hand, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb did not exceed the Japanese effluent water standards. Total sulfide was detected from all sediment samples during the sampling period, and values in the summer were slightly higher than at other times. To investigate the stabilization of targeted disposal site, the relationships among cumulative liquid/solid ratio (L/S) with pH and Cl^? elution after closing the site were examined. Both parameters showed a direct relationship with cumulative L/S ratio, which can be anticipated to continue increasing in the future.     

上海火电厂烟气脱硫现状分析与建议

介绍了上海火电厂烟气脱硫的现状,对脱硫工艺选择、脱硫效率进行了分析。阐明了我国烟气脱硫普遍选用的石灰石一石膏湿法脱硫的特点和局限性,探讨了建立SO2排污权交易制度的必要性和可行性,分析了烟气脱硫装置存在的问题及预防措施。     

Bridging legal and economic perspectives on interstate municipal solid waste disposal in the US

Managing municipal solid waste (MSW) within and across regions is a complex public policy problem. One challenge regards conceptualizing precisely what commodity is to be managed across space and time. The US Supreme Court view is that waste disposal is the article of commerce per se. Some justices, however, have argued that while waste disposal is the article of commerce, its interstate flow could be impeded by states on the grounds that they have the authority to regulate natural resource quality within their boundaries. The argument in this paper is that adopting the economic theory view of the article of commerce as landfill space brings the majority and dissenting US Supreme Court views—and the resulting sides of the public policy dispute—into closer alignment. We discuss waste management policy tools that emerge from this closer alignment that are more likely to both withstand judicial scrutiny and achieve economic efficiency.