走出国门：可回收利用废塑料进口企业的最佳选择

近年来,我国的可回收利用废塑料进口企业面临困境,国际贸易企业进口困难,致使使用厂缺乏原料.论述了废塑料回收加工企业前往国外产地办厂的必要性和可行性,分析了我国业内企业走出国门的优势,并对废塑料的收集和加工品种、成本核算、采购目标等方面提出建议.     

发达国家废塑料再生利用现状及对我国的影响

工业发达国家在废塑料再生利用方面起步较早,积累了丰富的经验,拥有较高的技术和先进的设备,政府和民众都具有较强的节能和环保意识.从立法、系统工程、技术创新、节能环保意识等诸多方面探讨了世界上主要工业发达国家在废塑料再生利用方面的发展现状;根据各国统计数据对其做出定量分析;指出,我国与工业发达国家在循环经济方面有较大的差距和很强的互补性.     

我国进口可再生利用废塑料的现状与发展

论述了进口可再生利用废塑料在环保、节能减排等国民经济领域中的重要意义。通过分析统计数据,阐明了我国由于资源匮乏,进口可再生利用废塑料的必要性和迫切性,并简述了我国政府对废塑料进口的监管措施。     

废塑料的回收利用

介绍了国外废塑料再生利用、热分散回收低分子化合物和焚烧回收热能的技术与方法。     

日本容器包装废塑料再生利用现状及对我国的启示

介绍了日本“容器包装再生法”的相关规定和实施过程,以及日本容器包装废塑料的回收、再生利用状况,并借鉴其先进经验,结合我国实际情况,指出发展我国废塑料循环利用的重要性,并提出具体建议措施。     

国外废塑料的热能利用

废塑料热能利用是废塑料资源化的一种重要方式.随着世界能源需求的增长,废塑料热能利用受到人们的广泛关注.综述了国外废塑料热能利用技术及发展,并对我国废塑料热能利用前景作了分析.     

我国废塑料回收和进口现状浅析

废塑料是我国四大再生资源品种之一．废塑料国内回收和进口数量大、种类多。对我国废塑料国内产生和进口的种类、数量和地域,以及国内废塑料的回收渠道和方式进行了阐述。     

英国废弃烹调油再生利用现状分析

以英国废弃烹调油的回收、处理和再生利用的产品为主线,结合与其相关的政策、法规及有效激励方法在废弃烹调油再生利用管理过程中的作用,详细介绍了英国废弃烹调油再生利用的管理现状,以期对我国废弃烹调油及其他废弃物的循环经济实践提供具体的参考案例。     

废塑料再生产业园的规划及环境影响评价

论述了我国废塑料再生行业存在的问题和废塑料再生产业园的规划特点。探讨了产业园的合理选址、系统规划布局、同步环境影响评价在废塑料再生产业园建设中的重要性,介绍了环境影响分析和园区清洁生产与循环经济等内容。指出建立废塑料再生产业园,必须通过合理规划布局并及时开展环境影响评价工作,这是保护环境、防控污染的有效措施。     

江苏中再生混杂废塑料综合利用项目奠基

“废旧机电产品和塑胶资源综合利用关键技术与装备开发”重大项目已被列入“十一五”国家科技支撑计划。这是国家首次将再生资源综合利用纳入科技支撑计划,将大力促进废旧资源利用行业的节能减排,推动循环经济发展。     

Sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in developing countries

This research focuses on recycling in developing countries as one form of sustainable municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Twenty-three case studies provided municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and recovery rates and composition for compilation and assessment. The average MSW generation rate was 0.77 kg/person/day, with recovery rates from 5-40%. The waste streams of 19 of these case studies consisted of 0-70% recyclables and 17-80% organics. Qualitative analysis of all 23 case studies identified barriers or incentives to recycling, which resulted in the development of factors influencing recycling of MSW in developing countries. The factors are government policy, government finances, waste characterization, waste collection and segregation, household education, household economics, MSWM (municipal solid waste management) administration, MSWM personnel education, MSWM plan, local recycled-material market, technological and human resources, and land availability. Necessary and beneficial relationships drawn among these factors revealed the collaborative nature of sustainable MSWM. The functionality of the factor relationships greatly influenced the success of sustainable MSWM. A correlation existed between stakeholder involvement and the three dimensions of sustainability: environment, society, and economy. The only factors driven by all three dimensions (waste collection and segregation, MSWM plan, and local recycled-material market) were those requiring the greatest collaboration with other factors.     

Emerging trends in informal sector recycling in developing and transition countries

Optimistic estimates suggest that only 30–70% of waste generated in cities of developing countries is collected for disposal. As a result, uncollected waste is often disposed of into open dumps, along the streets or into water bodies. Quite often, this practice induces environmental degradation and public health risks. Notwithstanding, such practices also make waste materials readily available for itinerant waste pickers. These ‘scavengers’ as they are called, therefore perceive waste as a resource, for income generation. Literature suggests that Informal Sector Recycling (ISR) activity can bring other benefits such as, economic growth, litter control and resources conservation. This paper critically reviews trends in ISR activities in selected developing and transition countries. ISR often survives in very hostile social and physical environments largely because of negative Government and public attitude. Rather than being stigmatised, the sector should be recognised as an important element for achievement of sustainable waste management in developing countries. One solution to this problem could be the integration of ISR into the formal waste management system. To achieve ISR integration, this paper highlights six crucial aspects from literature: social acceptance, political will, mobilisation of cooperatives, partnerships with private enterprises, management and technical skills, as well as legal protection measures. It is important to note that not every country will have the wherewithal to achieve social inclusion and so the level of integration must be ‘flexible’. In addition, the structure of the ISR should not be based on a ‘universal’ model but should instead take into account local contexts and conditions.     

日本报废汽车回收、拆解现场管理概述

报废汽车的拆解、加工和再利用是再生资源产业的新领域,但在拆解、加工过程中,往往存在环境污染隐患,因此,建立高效、清洁的拆解流程,对拆解现场进行环境风险控制和管理,对于报废汽车拆解业的可持续发展非常重要。介绍了日本报废汽车回收、拆解现场管理的关键环节和管理方法,为我国报废汽车拆解业提供借鉴。     

Collection and recycling of electronic scrap: a worldwide overview and comparison with the Brazilian situation

Recycling and the related issue of sustainable development are increasing in importance around the world. In Brazil, the new National Policy on Solid Wastes has prompted discussion on the future of electronic waste (e-waste). Over the last 10 years, different e-waste collection systems and recycling processes have been applied globally. This paper presents the systems used in different countries and compares the world situation to the current Brazilian reality. To establish a recycling process, it is necessary to organize efficient collection management. The main difficulty associated with the implementation of e-waste recycling processes in Brazil is the collection system, as its efficiency depends not only on the education and cooperation of the people but also on cooperation among industrial waste generators, distributors and the government. Over half a million waste pickers have been reported in Brazil and they are responsible for the success of metal scrap collection in the country. The country also has close to 2400 companies and cooperatives involved in recycling and scrap trading. On the other hand, the collection and recycling of e-waste is still incipient because e-wastes are not seen as valuable in the informal sector. The Brazilian challenge is therefore to organize a system of e-waste management including the informal sector without neglecting environmentally sound management principles.     

Solid waste recycling within higher education in developing countries: a case study of the University of Lagos

To create a truly circular economy requires a shift from the traditional view of waste disposal to one of resource management. This is particularly important in developing countries, where municipal waste generation is increasing, and efficient recovery of economic value from waste is rarely achieved. Conducted in the University of Lagos (UoL), Nigeria, this study investigated the efficiency of a recycling scheme with the goal of making recommendations to improve the process. UoL’s recycling policy centers around source segregation of waste into color-coded bins. Waste audit was carried out using the output method and interviews were conducted with staff from the waste management team to understand practices on campus. Substantial contamination of colored bins with non-target material was observed. Organics (30%), mixed plastics (28%) and paper (24%) were the most abundant materials, hence have the greatest potential for recovery, and income generation, if segregation rates could be improved. Despite its recycling policy and infrastructure, 99% of UoL waste was going to landfill. Poor policy implementation results in low recovery rates. Targeted waste reduction and increased material recovery would enhance efficiency. Improved awareness of recycling benefits, in addition to policy enforcement, could serve as tools to increase stakeholder participation in recycling.

     

发达国家废玻璃回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家处理和再利用废玻璃的经验,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从科研、政策、法律等方面加强废玻璃的再利用工作。     

发达国家废旧轮胎回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家回收处理和再生利用废旧轮胎的管理和技术,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从技术、政策、法规等方面加强废旧轮胎的再利用工作.     

Difficulties in applying extended producer responsibility policies in developing countries: case studies in e-waste recycling in China and Thailand

Developing Asian countries have started to apply the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to electronics and electrical equipment waste (e-waste). This policy approach aims to give electronic appliance manufacturers and importers responsibility for the collection and recycling of discarded electronic equipment. China and Thailand have drafted regulations on the recycling of e-waste with common characteristics such as the financial responsibility of producers and subsidies for collection. Although the proposed system is sensible, taking into account the fact that e-waste is a market-traded commodity, there are two major difficulties in implementing EPR in developing countries. First, it may be difficult for governments to collect funds from producers or importers if smuggled, imitation, or small shop-assembled products have a large share in the market. Second, the system creates incentives for collectors and recyclers to over-report the amount of collected e-waste in order to gain extra subsidies from the fund. Other policy measures such as the enforcement of pollution control regulations on informal recyclers, the prevention of smuggling, and the protection of intellectual property rights should accompany EPR policies.     

加快废钢产业发展 促进钢铁资源循环利用

分析了废钢的应用现状及应用不足的原因,为加快废钢产业发展提出建议。提出为适应当今钢铁工业节能、降耗、环保等方面的发展要求,应大力发展废钢产业,加快废钢资源利用,促进钢铁资源循环利用,实现我国钢铁工业的可持续发展．