臭氧在冰晶及硫酸铵和亚硫酸铵渗溶冰晶上的粘着系数

利用流动管式反应器,在220-260K温度范围内,实验测量了臭氧在低温冰晶及硫酸铵和亚硫酸铵渗溶冰晶表面上的粘着系数.结果表明:臭氧在低温冰晶表面上的粘着系数随温度升高而增大, 其粘着系数为1.3×10-7-2.7×10-6; 臭氧在硫酸铵和亚硫酸铵渗溶冰晶表面上的粘着系数与二者浓度呈非线性关系; 利用实验结果估算了臭氧在极地平流层云中存留寿命约为56d, 臭氧在主要组成为水的冰晶表面上的损耗不容忽视.     

镉对大鼠肾皮质结合反应的影响

通过体内和体外试验分别研究了镉对肾皮质微粒体谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)及游离肾近曲小管细胞中葡萄糖醛酸(GA)结合反应的影响.结果表明:(1)体外试验中,在10~(-7)—10~(-3)mol/L浓度范围内,镉可抑制肾皮质微粒休GST活力;(2)体内腹腔注射CdCl_2(2.4mg/kg,连续3天)后,大鼠肾皮质GST活力无明显改变;(3)按同样方式腹腔注射CdCl_2后,可降低游离肾近曲小管细胞中GA和7-羟基香豆素(7-HC)的结合反应;(4)体外试验中,低浓度镉(10~(-7)mol/L)可使肾皮质细胞中GA和7-HC的结合反应增强,而在10~(-6)—10~(-2)mol/L浓度范围内,镉可降低GA和7-HC的结合反应.     

Temperature dependence of the absolute rate constant for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were measured in a 200-L Teflon chamber over the temperature range of 283-353 K. Measurements were carried out using DMS in large excess over ozone of 10 to 1 or greater. Over the indicated temperature range,the data could be fit to the simple Arrhenius expression as KDMS = (9.96±3.61)×10-11exp(-(7309.7±1098.2)/T)cm3/(molecule·s). A compared investigation of the reaction between ozone and ethene had a kc2H4 value of(1.35±0.11)×10-18 cm3/(molecule·s) at room temperature.     

水中典型内分泌干扰物质的臭氧氧化研究

在静态实验中,考察了臭氧投加量、HCO^-₃浓度和pH值对O₃氧化去除水中典型内分泌干扰物（EDs）E1、E2、EE2、DES和4-n-NP的影响.结果表明,5种EDs的去除率随O₃投加量的增加而增大,O₃浓度达到63.6 μg/L时可去除92.0%以上的EDs,HCO^-₃（0～100 mg/L）的引入抑制了O₃氧化,O₃氧化去除EDs的能力随溶液pH值升高而大幅度提高.在中性（pH≈7.0）和碱性（pH＞10.6）条件下,O₃氧化5种EDs的表观二级反应速率常数(20℃±0.5℃)分别在(1.67～3.89)×10⁶　Ｌ·(mol·s)^-1和(0.93～1.75)×10⁹　Ｌ·(mol·s)^-1范围内,表明这5种物质在水中可被O₃迅速氧化去除.计算得出5种EDs的基元反应速率常数(20℃±0.5℃),发现O₃与离子态的EDs反应活性［1.21×10⁹～3.81×10⁹　Ｌ·(mol·s)^-1］是其与分子态EDs的反应活性［7.62×10⁵～2.55×10⁶　Ｌ·(mol·s)^-1］的10³～10⁴倍.对比不同水质本底下O₃氧化去除EDs的实验发现,滤后水和江水中EDs的去除率较其在超纯水中分别降低了26.5%～50.3%和57.3%～72.0%,表明实际水体中的有机物通过竞争氧化剂,抑制了EDs的O₃氧化去除.     

流动注射化学发光测定痕量亚硝酸根的研究

基于NO_2~-对I_2-EDTA光化学反应的抑制作用和I_2与鲁米诺的化学发光反应,建立了痕量亚硝酸根的流动注射化学发光分析方法.试验并选择了最佳条件,测定了天然水中亚硝酸根的含量,回收率在93—103.5％,方法线性范围为1.0×10~(-7)—4.0×10~(-6)mol.L~(-1),检测限为1.1×10~(-6)mol.L~(-1).对2.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)NO_2~-进行测定,相对标准偏差为2.2％.     

Effects of Zn2+ on root growth,cell division, and nucleoli of Allium cepa L.

The effects of different concentrations of Zn²⁺ion on root growth,cell division,and nucleoli of Allium cepa were studied. The test Zn²⁺ ion concentration was made up from zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄. 7H₂O) ranging from 10^-7 to 10^-2 mol/L. The solutions were prepared in tap water (pH =6. 5).The results indicated that Zn²⁺ could obviously inhibit root growth at concentrations from 10^-4)to 10^-2 mol/L.Roots treated with zinc sulphate showed the presence of c-mitosis, anaphase bridges,including sticky and fluidized bridges (at 10^-3 to 10^-2 mol/L) , chromosome stickiness, irregularly shaped nuclei, broken nuclei and micronuclei. A toxicity effect was also observed on the nucleoli using silver staining technique after 48h of treatment with 10^-4to 10^-2 mol/L Zn²⁺, e. g,the nucleolar particulate material scattered around the nucleoli in the nucleus of root tip cells.     

一种新的阴离子表面活性剂电极的研制及应用

研制出一种新的阴离子表面活性电极,电极膜最佳组成：ＴＨＤＡ－ＤＢＳ５ｍｇ,ＤＢＰ０４ｍｌ,ＮＢ０．３ｍｌ,ＰＶＣ粉０．２ｇ,电极线性范围１×１０＾－３－８．１×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,级差５８ｍＶ／ｄｅｃ,对ＤＢＳ和ＳＤＳ检测分别为５．６×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和７．４×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

Determination of environmental pollutants bythermal lens method

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｍａｌｌｅｎｓｍｅｔｈｏｄＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ；ＤｅｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ；ＬｉＣｈａｎｇｌｉｎ（ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＦｕｄａｎＵ...     

臭氧氧化反渗透浓缩垃圾渗滤液动力学

采用臭氧氧化法处理经反渗透膜处理后的浓缩垃圾渗滤液,并建立了氧化降解反应动力学模型.结果表明,氧化降解初始反应速率主要与初始pH、臭氧投量、反应温度和初始COD有关.在pH 8.0,温度30℃,臭氧投量5.02 g/h,反应时间90 min的条件下,反渗透浓缩渗滤液的COD去除率达到67.6%;并且在pH为2.0～8....     

硫酸盐在厌氧生物过程中的行为 Ⅱ.硫酸盐还原行为及对体系抑制作用机理

采用半连续实验方法，研究了中温厌氧条件了硫酸盐的还原行为及产生抑制作用的机理。实验结果表明，ＳＯ４＾２－在厌氧体系中被硫酸盐还原菌全部或部分还原为硫化物，其还原率与ＳＯ４＾２－累积加入浓度有关，还原产物的形态与体系中ｐＨ值有关，较高的ｐＨ值（７．６－８．４）使体系中Ｈ３Ｓ含量下降。ＳＯ４＾２－对厌氧体系的抑制与ＳＯ４＾２－还原过程中ＳＲＢ与产甲烷菌的底物竞争及还原产物的毒性相关。前者受ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ     

Heterogeneous uptake of NO2 on soils under variable temperature and relative humidity conditions

Heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on soils collected from Dalian (S1) and Changsha (S2) were investigated over the relative humidity (RH) range of 5%-80% and temperature range of 278-328 K using a horizontal coated-wall flow tube. The initial uptake coefficients of NO₂ on S2 exhibited a decreasing trend from (10 ± 1.3) × 10^-8 to (3.1 ± 0.5) × 10^-8 with the relative humidity increasing from 5% to 80%. In the temperature effect studies, the initial uptake coefficients of S1 and S2 decreased from (10 ± 1.2) × 10^-8 to (3.8 ± 0.5) × 10^-8 and from (16 ± 2.2) × 10^-8 to (3.8 ± 0.4) × 10^-8 when temperature increased from 278 to 288 K for S1 and from 278 to 308 K for S2, respectively. As the temperature continued to increase, the initial uptake coefficients of S1 and S2 returned to (7.9 ± 1.1) × 10^-8 and (20 ± 3.1) × 10^-8 at 313 and 328 K, respectively. This study shows that relative humidity could influence the uptake kinetics of NO₂ on soil and temperature would impact the heterogeneous chemistry of NO₂.     

Environmental chamber study of the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide and Nox

A series of experiments were conducted in a self-made smog chamber at 300 ± 1 K and 1.01×105 Pa to simulate the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide (EMS) and NOx. The results show that the higher the initial concentration of EMS, the more ozone is generated in the simulative reactions. It is found that the light intensity plays a very important role in the evaluation of ozone formation potential for EMS. The parameters of d(O3-NO) and IR (incremental reactivity) were used to quantify the potential of EMS on ozone formation. The obtained maximum IR values in this paper for the five simulative reactions were 1.55×10-2, 0.99×10-2, 1.36×10-2, 2.47×10-2, and 1.65×10-2, respectively. Comparison between the results we obtained here and the results we obtained before for di-tert-butyl peroxide and acetylene was made and it showed that the potential reactivity of EMS on ozone formation is at a relatively low level.     

Involvements of chloride ion in decolorization of Acid Orange 7 by activated peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation

The effects of Cl^- on the decolorization of AO7 by SO₄^·- based-peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation under various activated conditions were different.     

Effects of Ca2+ ions antagonistic to Al3+ ions poisoningin root growth , cell division and nucleolusin root tip cells of Allium cepa

The effects of different aluminium chloride concentrations together with varying calciumchloride concentrations on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa werestudied. The concentrations used for aluminium chloride were 10^-4, 10^-3 and 10^-2 mol/L ; and for calcium chloride were 10^-5 , 10^-4 , 10^-3 and 10^-2 mol/L, respectively. The results showed that after thetreatments with 10^-2 to 10^-3 mol/L Al³⁺ , root growth was severely inhibited , a large nurnber of thecells with c-mitosis were induced and the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. However , the treatments with 10^-2 to 10^-3 mol/L of Al³⁺ together with 10^-2)to 10^-5 mol/LCa²⁺ suggested that Ca²⁺ gave the obviously protective effects against Al³⁺ poisoning in root growth.cell division and nucleoli of the root tip cells in A. cepa. The possible mechanism of these protective effects of Ca²⁺) is also briefly discussed.     

中国几种土壤中的有机态硒及其分布特征

采用0.1mol/L NaOH-0.1mol/L Na_4P_2O_7浸提,活性碳分离技术研究了中国湿润半湿润地区几种土壤中有机态硒的化学特征.供试土壤有机态硒占全硒含量的百分数变幅为3.46％—59.86％,平均28.42％.影响有机硒含量的主要因素有全硒含量(r=0.8033)、有机碳含量(r=0.6618)、土壤交换性酸(r=0.6136)和pH(r=-0.5248)。土壤有机质的C/Se为0.58×10~6-42.93×10~6,平均为6.38×10~6.低硒环境土壤有机质的C/Se显著高于正常硒含量土壤.以平均计,胡敏酸结合态硒约占有机态硒的34％,富啡酸结合态硒占66％.缺硒土壤有机态硒中,胡敏酸结合态硒的比例一般都较高.     

柠檬酸对砷污染土壤的萃取优化条件实验研究

论文以新邱矿矸石山排土场土壤为研究对象,以去离子水做空白试验,选取尿素、十二烷基磺酸钠、碳酸氢钠、醋酸、柠檬酸等12种化学试剂做了萃取剂初选试验;并以柠檬酸为萃取剂进行了三因素三水平L9(33)正交实验。实验结果表明:柠檬酸和氢氧化钠可作为砷污染土壤的萃取剂,具有良好的萃取效果。柠檬酸作为砷污染土壤萃取剂的最优化条件是液土比为10mL/g,萃取时间为12h,萃取剂浓度为0.1mol/L。实验结果可为砷污染土壤的治理提供参考。     

Uptake and accumulation of copper by roots and shoots of maize (Zea mays L.)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆＣｕｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙ20ｔｏ30ｐｐｍｉｎｎｏｎｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄｓｏｉｌ(Ｎｒｉａｇｕ,1979;Ｓａｌｏｍｏｎｓ,1984),ｂｕｔｉｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ2000ｐｐｍｉｎｍｉｎｉｎｇａｒｅａｓａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｓｍｅｌｔｅｒｓ(Ｆｒｅｅｄｍａｎ,1980;Ｈｕｍｐｈｒｅｙｓ,1984).ＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｃｏｐｐｅｒｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｐＨｉｎｓｏｉｌｓ,ａｎｄｉｔｉｓｏｂ…     

高压脉冲放电与臭氧氧化联用降解水中对氯苯酚

研究高压脉冲放电与臭氧协同降解水中对氯苯酚影响因素的结果表明,250mg/L对氯苯酚处理30min后降解率达96%.臭氧浓度、自由基捕获剂以及电极之间的距离均可影响对氯苯酚的降解率.增加臭氧浓度及降低电极之间的距离,提高了对氯苯酚的降解率;加入自由基捕获剂,降低了对氯苯酚的降解率.     

夏季对流层臭氧辐射强迫对华北地区天气和空气质量的影响

自2013年我国实施《大气污染防治行动计划》以来,大气颗粒物浓度显著降低,但臭氧（O₃）污染日益严峻,同时对流层O₃作为一种重要的温室气体,其辐射强迫能够影响天气和空气质量.利用双向耦合的区域空气质量模型WRF-Chem,再现2017年6月发生在华北地区的一次O₃污染事件,通过敏感性试验分析对流层臭氧辐射强迫（TORF）对当地气象场的影响,以及改变的气象变量对O₃空气质量的反馈作用.结果表明,WRF-Chem模式在气象要素的模拟上表现出较好的性能,并且能够很好地捕捉到O₃浓度的时空演变特征.TORF使北京-天津-河北-山东地区的近地面气温平均升高0.23 K （最大增温可达0.8 K）、近地面相对湿度降低1.84%、边界层高度增加27.73 m.TORF对风速的影响较弱（-0.02 m ·s^-1）,但产生的西南风异常容易将上游污染地区的O₃和其前体物输送至华北地区.在臭氧辐射反馈的影响下,研究区域内φ（O₃）平均增加1.7%（1.23×10^-9）,而在污染严重的北京和天津地区,φ（O₃）增加量最高可达5×10^-9.进一步利用过程诊断分析法可以发现,增强的气相化学反应是TORF恶化近地面O₃污染的主导原因.     

生物强化自发电化学氧化含硫废水及关键功能微生物研究

构建了以高锰酸钾溶液为阴极电子受体,石墨棒为电极的硫化物自发电化学氧化系统.该系统可自发电化学氧化硫化物,去除率为68.15%~89.30%,其主要氧化产物为单质硫（68.10%~86.63%）,且最大氧化速率可达34.76 mg·L^-1·h^-1,最大稳定电流密度为37.38 mA·m^-2.经生物强化后,该系统的硫化物去除率高于99.80%,其主要氧化产物为硫酸盐（21.98%~74.43%）和单质硫（25.43%~78.02%）,其最大氧化速率可达45.90 mg·L^-1·h^-1,最大稳定电流密度为36.61 mA·m^-2.并通过高通量测序分别从门和属分类水平对生物强化系统阳极室内污泥细菌群落进行分析,相对丰度较高的是具有硫化物氧化功能的变形菌门和具有胞外电子传递能力的拟杆菌门.