加快绩溪新安江流域综合治理 打造安徽最美乡村——绩溪县新安江流域综合治理工作的实践与思考

新安江流域是安徽生态环境的重要保护区,也是长三角地区重要的生态屏障和战略水源地。安徽省十二届人代会上的《政府工作报告》指出,加强生态建设和环境保护,加强重点区域、流域污染防治,推进新安江流域生态补偿试点。新安江流域综合治理已成为安徽"生态强省"建设的"头号工程"。绩溪县是新安江水源地,境内     

山水画廊新安秀

＂新安江的确是个好地方。这里山清水秀,鸟语花香,你可以在山间的溪水里尽情地嬉戏,摸鱼逮虾,喝上一口甘甜清冽的山水,任凭万千思绪在云里雾里飞扬。＂ ＂最爱的还是新安江的水,这里的水是透明的会说话的,柔软的沙子一层又一层,甘冽的清泉打开了儿时尘封的记忆,纯洁着心灵,淡看人生,一切会变得轻松而释然。亲们,来11巴,趁着炎炎夏日,去新安江消暑纳凉吧。＂     

生态补偿,何时不再尴尬？

在多年的商谈之下,新安江流域生态补偿机制终于法槌定音,在生态补偿的跨省试点中迈出了重要的一步,开启了跨省流域水环境生态补偿的新模式。但是,对于新安江流域和全国性的跨区域生态补偿机制来说,这其实又是一个新的起点。     

黄山市新安江流域水环境质量评价与管理措施

新安江是我国江南跨省级行政区的一条重要河流，其水质和水量对下游浙江省的生态安全和资源支持具有重要作用。针对安徽省黄山市境内新安江流域内存在的主要水环境问题，采用尼梅罗水质指数和超标加权法对新安江流域水环境质量进行了评价和分析。结果表明，新安江流域水环境质量整体较好，达到Ⅱ、Ⅲ类标准，大部分河段均能满足地表水环境功能要求；下游河段水质略差，但符合地表水Ⅲ类标准。在此基础上，提出了新安江流域水环境管理措施。     

新安江流域生态补偿政策效果评价研究

本文基于流域生态补偿的经济学原理,以成本效益分析(CBA)为基本框架,通过对新安江流域生态补偿政策实施的成本和效益进行定性定量的分析,对黄山市实施新安江流域生态补偿政策的成效比E1以及外部效应内部化程度指数E2进行计算,进而科学合理地衡量新安江流域生态补偿政策的实施效果。2010—2013年,黄山市在新安江流域生态补偿工作中的成本总计189.06亿元,黄山市环境效益增加33.52亿元,黄山市新安江流域生态补偿工作成效比E1为0.24,外部效应内部化程度指数E2为0.81,说明新安江流域生态补偿起到了一定的效果,黄山市环境效益预测结果表明,流域生态补偿的效果会随着时间的推移更加明显。由此提出建议,现阶段黄山市应继续以解决经济发展与环境保护的矛盾为重心,同时注重流域生态补偿工作的落实。     

流域水生态系统服务价值评估研究——以黄山市新安江为例

为全面认识新安江水资源价值,本文对河流生态系统的各项服务功能开展了定量评价。本文按照联合国千年评估对生态系统的划分方法(供给、调节、文化与支持4项服务),结合新安江流域水生态系统的特征和结构,建立了15项评估指标体系。以2013年为基准年,对新安江水生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值进行评价。结果显示:新安江水生态系统服务总价值为73.72亿元,其中,提供产品功能价值9.58亿元、调节功能价值11.77亿元、支持功能价值24.13亿元、文化服务功能价值28.24亿元,分别占总价值的13.0%、16.0%、32.7%、38.3%。新安江单位面积提供的生态系统服务价值为0.41亿元/km~2,高于黄山市单位面积GDP产值0.28亿元/km~2。研究认为,新安江流域水生态系统对支持和保护当地经济发展具有重要作用,研究结果以期为新安江水资源有效管理和区域生态环境保护及水环境补偿提供生态学依据。     

新安江 只为源头活水来

新安江,发源于皖南山区,上游称率水、横江、丰乐河、杨之河、练江, 在古徽州府所在地——歙县境内汇合后始称新安江,新中国的第一座大型水电站就兴建于此。历史上,淳美的新安江水成就了程朱理学、江戴朴学、新安画派, 养育了著名教育家陶行知、学者胡适等精英,创造了微商四百年昌盛的奇迹,留下了美轮美奂的徽派建筑,令无数文人骚客神往之。明朝大戏剧家汤显祖就因欲睹新安江风采而始终未能成行作诗感叹：“一生痴绝处,无梦到徽州”。     

推行农药集中配送 防控面源污染

<正>2015年开始,为加强农业投入品源头监管,减少和控制农业面源污染,确保农产品质量安全和新安江水质优良,黄山市开始推行集中配送零差价的高效低残留农药。这是黄山市保护生态环境的又一"得意"之举。对于农药统一配送,老百姓最先关心的是配送的农药好不好用,价格是否便宜。"2015年,农场种植水稻1150亩,病虫害防治3次,投入农药成本51750元。而2016年,同样是1150亩水稻3次防治,投入农     

探访新安江水质联合监测

<正>新安江生态补偿试点工作中,涉及项目多达几十个,最终的检验关口就是新安江水质断面联合监测。生态补偿的最终依据来自于水质联合监测数据,凸显出这项工作的重要性。2017年4月6日,记者登上新安江水质联合监测船,近距离观察了此次联合监测工作。据了解,新安江水质联合监测点位于街口断面,由黄山市环境监测站与淳安县环境监测站具体实施联合监测工作,监测涉及高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷4项指标。     

新安江保护期待“大步走”

今年世界环境日期间,国家环保部、财政部发布了新安江水质状况＂成绩单＂。 国家环保部、财政部联合公布的2011年新安江流域街口国控断面水质监测数据显示,与2008年至2010年三年水质均值相比,除高锰酸盐略有上升外,氨氮、总磷、年均值分别下降5．56％、46．39％、11．39％，新安江流域水质总体得到改善。     

说起那片林

那片古老的林,秀着原生态的貌,鞠着黑压压的魂。林中,老天拔地的巨桧蓬勃撑起了墨绿的光阴,老态龙钟的乔松缓缓圈动着古老的年轮。青筋暴累的古藤一意孤行攻城掠寨,在窄狭的空隙里肆意缠绕翻滚。萌芽新绿在拥挤的空间里抖擞精神,用尽浑身解数冲出重围鹤立鸡群。     

留住乡愁——回不去的故乡

故乡是每个人魂牵梦萦的地方，那里有孩提时代欢乐的时光，也有成长中的酸甜苦辣。在2014年马年春节来临前，记者采访了两位从农村走出去的作家。他们俩一直在用文字传递着浓浓的乡音，表达着对故乡的热爱之情。在他们俩的眼里，故乡发生了怎么样的变化呢？     

伯尔尼，那一场风花雪月的追梦之旅

初到瑞士首都伯尔尼，谁也不会想到它的名字竟然与一只动物有关，而伯尔尼这座城市并不失其首都的形象，这里设有万国邮政联盟、国际电讯联盟、国际铁路联盟和国际版权联盟等多处高大的建筑，彰显了首都的气质。     

Analyzing Human–Landscape Interactions: Tools That Integrate

Humans have transformed much of Earth’s land surface, giving rise to loss of biodiversity, climate change, and a host of other environmental issues that are affecting human and biophysical systems in unexpected ways. To confront these problems, environmental managers must consider human and landscape systems in integrated ways. This means making use of data obtained from a broad range of methods (e.g., sensors, surveys), while taking into account new findings from the social and biophysical science literatures. New integrative methods (including data fusion, simulation modeling, and participatory approaches) have emerged in recent years to address these challenges, and to allow analysts to provide information that links qualitative and quantitative elements for policymakers. This paper brings attention to these emergent tools while providing an overview of the tools currently in use for analysis of human–landscape interactions. Analysts are now faced with a staggering array of approaches in the human–landscape literature—in an attempt to bring increased clarity to the field, we identify the relative strengths of each tool, and provide guidance to analysts on the areas to which each tool is best applied. We discuss four broad categories of tools: statistical methods (including survival analysis, multi-level modeling, and Bayesian approaches), GIS and spatial analysis methods, simulation approaches (including cellular automata, agent-based modeling, and participatory modeling), and mixed-method techniques (such as alternative futures modeling and integrated assessment). For each tool, we offer an example from the literature of its application in human–landscape research. Among these tools, participatory approaches are gaining prominence for analysts to make the broadest possible array of information available to researchers, environmental managers, and policymakers. Further development of new approaches of data fusion and integration across sites or disciplines pose an important challenge for future work in integrating human and landscape components.     

水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的探讨

水环境承载能力是可持续发展理论的重要体现，它具有很强的动态、空间时空、水量水质兼顾、补偿等特性。建立水质信息系统基础平台，科学地利用和调控水环境承载能力，实现水环境保护目标的实现。本文就水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的建立进行了分析研究，并结合中国实情提出了建模总体框架。     

环境保护中政府和公众的博弈

发展经济和保护环境是现代政府治理的主要课题。环境问题越来越严峻,对公众的影响越来越深,政府和公众的环保意识不断增强,他们不断地参与到环境保护运动中。政府和公众都是理性的经济人,他们有不同的利益诉求。由于信息交流的不顺畅,政府和公众在环境保护参与中进行着博弈。在博弈的过程中,博弈的情景不断变化,政府和公众对环境问题的认知在不断地变化,他们采取的策略也不断发生变化,他们之间的博弈从合作博弈到非合作博弈再到合作博弈,不断循环,从而达到发展经济和保护环境的双重目的。     

影响大气污染物散布的气象条件

大气污染物的空间分布以及随时间的变化，与气象条件密切相关。影响大气污染物散布的气象因子主要有：风、湍流，大气稳定度，太阳辐射，云，降水，天气形势，混合层高度及大气运动的尺度等。文章论述了风，大气稳定度，太阳辐射，云和天气形势对大气污染物散布的影响，以有复杂地形上的空气污染与局地气象条件的关系，目诉在于寻求有效防治大气污染的途径。     

Understanding Factors That Influence Stakeholder Trust of Natural Resource Science and Institutions

Building trust between resource users and natural resource institutions is essential when creating conservation policies that rely on stakeholders to be effective. Trust can enable the public and agencies to engage in cooperative behaviors toward shared goals and address shared problems. Despite the increasing attention that trust has received recently in the environmental management literature, the influence that individual cognitive and behavioral factors may play in influencing levels of trust in resource management institutions, and their associated scientific assessments, remains unclear. This paper uses the case of fisheries management in the northeast to explore the relationships between an individual’s knowledge of the resource, perceptions of resource health, and participatory experience on levels of trust. Using survey data collected from 244 avid recreational anglers in the Northeast U.S., we test these relationships using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that participation in fisheries management is associated with increased trust across all aspects of fisheries management. In addition, higher ratings of resource health by anglers are associated with higher levels of trust of state and regional institutions, but not federal institutions or scientific methods.     

To reduce and not to reduce resource consumption? That is two questions

Recent research shows that because they rely on separate goals, cognitions about not performing a behaviour are not simple opposites of cognitions about performing the same behaviour. Using this perspective, two studies (N = 758 & N = 104) examined the psycho-social determinants of reduction in resource consumption. Results showed that goals associated with reducing versus not reducing resource consumption were not simple opposites (Study 1). Additionally, the discriminant validity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs associated with reducing versus not reducing resource consumption was demonstrated (Study 1 & 2). Moreover, results revealed the incremental validity of both Intentions (to reduce and to not reduce resource consumption) for predicting a series of behaviours (Study 1 & 2). Finally, results indicated a mediation role for the importance of ecological dimensions on the effect of both Intentions on a mock TV choice and a mediation role for the importance of non ecological dimensions on the effect of Intention of not reducing on the same TV choice. Discussion is organized around the consequences, at both theoretical and applied levels, of considering separate motivational systems for reducing and not reducing resource consumption.     

清洁生产:由生产领域扩展至消费领域——结合《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》相关规定评析之

本文通过分析清洁生产和消费的含义,指出清洁生产的调整范围包括消费环节.我国《清洁生产促进法》的内容体现了清洁生产从生产领域扩展到消费领域这一新动向.本文论证了这一新发展的正当性和合理性,最后结合具体法条进行分析,指出相关制度手段和意义所在.