浅谈城市污水回用及其优越性

通过对我国水资源短缺状况的论述,说明了我国城市污水回用的紧迫性、必要性。在介绍污水回用的主要用途和工艺技术的基础上,阐述了污水回用在经济、环境等方面的优越性,得出城市污水回用是解决水资源短缺的有效方法和社会发展的趋势。     

论中小城市污水资源化

简述了水资源和水污染的严峻形势，提出了中小城市污水资源化之必然性与可行性，分析了影响中小城市污水利用的主要原因，及中小城市污水利用的对策与措施。     

废水资源化是解决水资源紧缺的有效途径

我国水资源人均占有量少,污染严重,综合利用程度低,水资源的短缺已成为制约区域经济社会发展重要因素。本文结合实例分析,提出了提高水资源的综合利用程度,推行废水资源化是解决这一问题的有效途径。     

松花江流域水资源保护和水污染防治对策

我国是水资源短缺的国家。随着工业化与城市化的发展,工业废水、生活污水和畜禽养殖污水的排放量不断增加,水污染状况日渐突出,造成水体使用功能下降,资源性缺水更为严重。本文通过对松花江流域水资源利用现状、特点与存在问题的分析,提出了相应水资源保护与水污染防治的对策与建议。     

长春市污水资源化初步研究

探讨了长春市污水资源化的潜力、技术与经济的可行性以及污水资源化的产业化问题，并提出了长春市实现污水资源化的建议。     

农村污水无动力复合生态净化技术及其工程应用

文章介绍了农村污水无动力复合生态净化技术。该技术具有适用范围广、生态集成化、资源化、节能高效的特点,在工程应用中取得了良好效果,高度适用于农村生活污水的处理。     

污水处理厂尾水资源化利用

通过对污水处理厂尾水水质及其污染性的分析,并结合污水回用标准,探讨了尾水资源化利用的特点和优势,以及污水资源化利用存在的问题和对策。结果表明:污水处理厂尾水具有水量大、水质稳定、污染物较少,并且集中排放的特点和优势,可优先回用于农田灌溉和城市杂用水。同时,针对污水处理厂尾水资源化利用存在的问题,提出了通过增强人们对尾水资源利用的认同感、制定相应的政策、选择合理资源化利用途径和技术方法以及强化基础建设等建议和方法,促进污水水资源的充分利用。     

锦州市城市污水资源化探析

中水回用已成为解决当今水资源缺乏的重要途径。以锦州市为例，根据中水系统的特点，分析了污水资源化的可行性和实施方向，探讨了影响城市污水资源化的主要问题，提出了污水资源化的对策建议。     

稠油污水回用热采锅炉技术研究

针对曙光油田稠油污水的特点,在原有工艺流程的基础上,根据实际处理能力,选择合适的设备,对不同的污染物采取优先强化处理和逐段处理方式,在曙四联进行了现场试验,确定了最佳运行参数及合理的加药量。结果表明:稠油污水深度处理后达到锅炉回用水指标,真正实现污水资源化。此项研究符合清洁生产和循环经济的核心理念,实现了污水的资源化,取得了良好的经济、环境和社会效益。     

浅谈独山子乙烯厂污水库的环境管理及开发利用

针对独山子乙烯厂污水库现状,提出了系统环境管理污水问题及在干旱和半干旱荒漠区域合理开发利用污水,减少污水排蓄带来的环境问题,为实现废水资源化,从而创造出较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。     

中国西南地区的水资源管理

水资源是本世纪的危机资源.中国的水资源相对贫乏,而且空间分布极不平衡,南多北少,西南地区水资源量约占全国水资源总量的46%.加强该地区的水资源管理,对解决我国的水资源危机具有重大的战略意义.在市场经济条件下,只有将国家宏观调控与市场调节结合起来,充分发挥行政和经济两种手段的作用,才能实现对水资源的有效管理.     

Beijing's Water Resources: Challenges and Solutions

Beijing's local water resources have been overexploited and the ecological and environmental pressures exceed the carrying capacity of this densely populated megacity. This article examines the current status of Beijing's water resources with respect to its industrial, residential, and eco‐environmental water usage and the challenges it may face in the near future. The article describes the context of water uses, the steps taken by Beijing to alleviate the water shortage problems, and challenges to Beijing's abilities to meet its urgent and future water needs. A multipronged strategy is proposed that aims at both the present problems and the anticipated future challenges. In particular, engineering and institutional approaches for Beijing's successful transition from overexploitation to sustainable utilization of water resources are explained. Actions include reasonable water utilization, water conservation, reclaimed wastewater, and importing water from neighboring areas. We conclude that Beijing must take additional steps in water resource management to ensure its sustainable development that involves continued urbanization sprawls and population growth. Future water resource management strategies should focus on strengthening water demand management through water conservation, efficient interbasin water transfers, use of nontraditional water resources, strategically reserving water supply, and promoting rehabilitation of the eco‐environments.     

Consequences of Pollution and Degradation of Nigerian Aquatic Environment on Fisheries Resources

Throughout the world, human use of water, and bad planning have led to drier and polluted rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources with dramatic effects on the natural ecosystems. Nigeria's vast freshwater resources are among those most affected by environmental stress imposed by human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Disposal and management of wastes in Nigeria present serious environmental problems. The usual methods of waste disposal in the country are: land filling, dumpsites, land spreads, water disposal, and incineration. Each of these methods has serious environmental implications because of their potential to pollute and contaminate underground and surface water bodies in the country. Major cities in Nigeria face serious water pollution crises, in which lack of environmental control of water-dependent activities (including domestic, agricultural, and industrial) play an important part. Fish and marine resources in the country face total collapse or extinction, due to over-fishing and destruction of marine life and natural habitats by pollution of water bodies. Unregulated and excessive use of pesticides for fishing and the deliberate disposal and dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes into water bodies are significant causes of massive fish kills and loss of aquatic life and habitats in the country. The protection of water quality and aquatic ecosystem as a vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and environment is of utmost importance to prevent further pollution and degradation of Nigeria's freshwater resources. Integrating operational measures for safeguarding adequate levels of protection of endemic habitats remains a major challenge. There is therefore a need to examine in tandem the entire range of uses to which freshwater is put, and to design services which neither squander precious resources nor fail to respect other, competing and complementary water needs.This paper attempts to provide an overview of the Nigerian freshwater resources, to assess the pollution status of inland waters, identify the sources of pollution, and infer the consequent effect on fisheries resource. Recommendations were proffered on the strategies to employ to ensure that Nigerian fishery resources are adequately managed in order to address the issue of food security.     

人口增长与自然资源

目前,世界人口政策所面临的突出问题是人口的增长与土地、淡水、动物、植物等自然资源和环境等方面的不平衡。人口的急剧增长加重了自然资源的压力,削弱了可再生资源的生产能力,在很大程度上使自然资源遭到严重的破坏。本文分析了人口增长与土地利用、森林资源、水资源、生物资源、能源和海洋资源的相互关系,指出确保人口增长与自然资源的产量和物种保护协调一致的唯一出路是严格控制人口数量增长。从另一个方面,反映了自然资源开发与保护的重要意义。     

论水工程设施收集的水资源的所有权归属

雨水收集设施等水工程日益得到应用,需要解决雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源的所有权。因大气降水是一种自由资源,不属于《宪法》中的"水流"或《水法》中的"水资源"的范畴,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权不能适用《宪法》、《水法》的规定,而是取决于雨水收集设施等水工程设施的所有权。雨水收集设施等水工程设施不是土地的组成部分,所有权包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有等形式,因此,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权自然包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有。但水工程设施不是公益性、大中型的水利设施,允许其他投资主体投资,其所有权应以集体、个人所有为主要形式     

TEACHING WATER RESOURCES POLICY TO UNWERSITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES1

ABSTRACT: Effectively teaching water resources policy to university science and engineering students is both important and difficult. Most careers in the water resources field require an understanding of the comprehensive governmental regulatory structure affecting water use. Also, few science and engineering curricula encourage their students to take policy courses. Successful approaches to teaching water resources policy might include epistemological comparisons, case studies, issue maps, and interactive simulations. Obstacles to the effective teaching of this subject include students' insufficient preparation and student disdain and cynicism. These obstacles may be mitigated by requiring a prerequisite, developing a glossary of policy-related terms, and introducing the course through lectures emphasizing realistic views of the water resources management field and the nature of the American political system.     

基于Meta分析的中国水资源价值移位研究

Meta分析价值移位方法是国际上资源价值评价领域关注的热点,国内相关研究较少。水作为重要的自然资源,研究其价值是解决我国水资源问题的关键途径。本文搜集我国水资源价值评估实证研究结果,建立效益移位基础数据库,应用基于Meta分析的函数效益移位方法,对我国水资源价值移位做实证研究,探讨效益移位法在我国水资源价值评估领域的可应用性及发展前景。结果表明:①水资源所在地、人口密度、水质、供水成本和利润以及对最大水费承受程度的差异会影响地区水资源价值变化;②模型平均移位误差在可接受范围内,可用于快速评估地区水资源价值;③省级层面水资源价值呈现出沿海高于内陆,华北、华东和西南高于其他地区的空间分异 规律。     

深圳市水资源可持续性研究

水作为人类不可代替的资源在社会经济发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。区域水资源的可持续状况是地区水资源的特征,当前与今后社会经济发展对水资源需要的满足程度。本文详细分析了深圳市当前水资源利用状况,以及由于社会经济高速发展所引发的水资源短缺特征,探讨了深圳市社会、经济高速发展过程中和今后１５年内水资源的可持续性及其调控     

城市化对水源系统的影响--以南京市为例

随着城市化进程的推进,人类对自然的干扰日益加剧,城市水源系统也因此受到影响,带来了诸如地表水质恶化、地面蒸散发减少、径流系数增大、地下水质变差和地面沉降等一系列问题.城市化发展通过影响水量平衡中的一个或多个因子,进而影响到整个水源系统.通过对南京市域多年水质、降水量等数据的分析可见,南京自城市化发展以来,地表水质下降明显、降水量和暴雨频率有增大的趋势、地下水也受到较大程度污染.为尽可能减轻城市化带来的负面影响,保护、恢复和重建城市水源系统是南京城市可持续发展的一个重要课题,应建立健全城市湿地有效保护机制,建立市区雨污分流和有效的雨水收集机制,尽可能地实现中水回用.在秦淮河的治理中,应在减少源头污染的同时,利用水体的自然净化能力,生态治污.     

我国水资源可持续利用中的经济刺激制度

本文在对完善我国水资源可持续利用中的经济刺激制度的必要性进行分析的基础上，从建立明确、可交易的水权和水市场制度，制定合理的水资源价格税费制度以及建立水资源可持续利用责任保险制度等几方面提出完善我国水资源可持续利用中的经济刺激法律制度的具体措施，为我国水资源法制建设进行了有益探索。