共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 652 毫秒
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Derval dos Santos Rosa Maria Regina Calil Cristina das Graças Fassina Guedes Carlos Eduardo O. Santos 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(3):109-113
The biodegradability of poly--hydroxybutyrate and poly--caprolactone in soil compostage before and after irradiation of the polymers for 192, 425, and 600 h in a Weather-Ometer was examined. The biodegradability tests were done in soil compostage at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to assess the influence of this parameter on degradation. The rate of degradation was directly proportional to the soil alkalinity. Poly--hydroxybutyrate showed the greatest weight loss and aging in a Weather-Ometer did not significantly increase the biodegradation, except when the polymer was aged for 425 h and buried in soil compostage of pH 11.0. 相似文献
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Deepak Srivastava 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):27-33
Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature. 相似文献
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分别采用臭氧氧化、微电解—Fenton氧化和电化学降解的方法处理COD为6 000~8 000 mg/L、BOD5/ COD为 0.12~0.17的光引发剂生产废水,比较了3种方法对废水中COD的去除效果。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化反应2 h时废水COD去除率达35.9%,BOD5/COD 为0.20;微电解反应4 h再Fenton氧化4 h后,废水COD去除率为38.2%,BOD5/COD 为0.28;电化学降解2 h后废水COD去除率达83.9%,BOD5/COD 为0.46,降解反应遵循零级反应动力学,反应速率常数为2.6 kg/(m3·h)。3种方法对光引发剂生产废水的处理效果顺序为:电化学降解>微电解—Fenton氧化>臭氧氧化。 相似文献
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总结了再生、降解、焚烧及填埋等几种废旧塑料处置方式的特点,指出对于品种单一、老化程度低的废旧塑料应优先选择再生利用.重点介绍了废旧聚氯乙烯塑料、聚乙烯塑料、聚丙烯塑料、氯化聚氯乙烯塑料的再生及其在制管行业中的利用情况进展. 相似文献
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The flow characteristics of polypropylene filled with high percentages of wood flour (50 and 70 wt%) are investigated at a feasible processing temperature (195 °C). Rotational rheometry in oscillatory mode in conjunction with the Cox–Merz rule is ineffective at this temperature due to insufficient linear viscoelastic region (LVR) size and ease of fibres degradation. An in-line rheometer, directly attached to a single screw extruder, is used to avoid these problems: this method allows measurements in real processing conditions with no LVR issues and with reduced degradation risks. The 70 wt% displays plug flow, thus it has been impossible to obtain the flow curve but only the slip velocity as a function of shear stress. The 50 wt% could be corrected for slip using the Mooney procedure. Comparing the flow curve of this material with the ones of the 30 wt% and the unfilled polypropylene matrix, a single master-curve can be obtained and modelled with a Carreau–Yasuda equation. 相似文献
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研究了苯酚在新型臭氧氧化体系O_3-Ca(OH)_2体系中的降解与矿化效果。实验结果表明:苯酚及TOC的去除率都随着Ca(OH)_2用量(小于2 g/L)、进气臭氧质量浓度(小于75 mg/L)、进气流量(小于3.0 L/min)的增大以及初始苯酚质量浓度的减小而增加,但受反应压力和液相温度的影响较小;当Ca(OH)_2用量大于3 g/L时,苯酚和TOC的去除率在30 min和55 min时分别达到了100%左右;Ca~(2+)的存在实现了羟基自由基清除剂CO_3~(2-)的实时分离去除,从而强化了臭氧氧化过程中苯酚的降解与矿化。这表明,O_3-Ca(OH)_2体系是一种处理难降解有机废水的高效臭氧氧化新体系。 相似文献
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超声协同Fenton法是利用超声的空化效应及自由基效应强化Fenton法对废水的处理效率,实现两者对废水中有机污染物的协同降解。概述了超声与Fenton法处理废水的协同机制。综述了废水pH、催化剂和H2O2投加量、超声功率、温度等工艺条件的优化研究,催化剂的研发以及共存物质的影响研究等方面的进展。指出开发新型高效、可重复利用、廉价易得的催化剂是提高超声协同Fenton法降解有机污染物效率的关键,还可将超声、Fenton法或超声协同Fenton法与其他的氧化法或生化方法相结合,寻找更加安全、高效、低成本的新途径。 相似文献
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M. M. Reddy Rahul K. Gupta Rakesh K. Gupta S. N. Bhattacharya R. Parthasarathy 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):27-34
The best approach to induce oxo-biodegradation in polyethylene is the use of special additives known as pro-oxidants. Pro-oxidants
accelerate abiotic oxidation and subsequent polymer chain cleavage rendering the product apparently more susceptible to biodegradation.
In this work, the abiotic oxidation is studied to understand how the addition of nanoclay affects the oxidation rate and the
degradation mechanism of oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. In order to achieve this, the following materials were used in this
study: (1) polyethylene (PE), (2) oxo-biodegradable polyethylene (OPE), (3) polyethylene nanocomposite (PENac), and (4) oxo-biodegradable
polyethylene nanocomposite (OPENac). Wide-Angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies
reveal that grafting in the preparation of composites helps to achieve mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphology in PENac and
OPENac. Abiotic oxidation was carried out in an oven for a period of 14 days at 70 °C with air supply. The effect of abiotic
oxidation was evaluated by measuring the changes in tensile strength, elongation at break, carbonyl index and molecular weight.
Results show that OPE and OPENac are more susceptible to oxidation than PENac. The molecular weight distribution data obtained
from GPC reveal that the addition of nanoclay does not alter the oxidation mechanism in OPE significantly. 相似文献
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采用浸渍法在活性碳纤维(ACF)上负载MnOx制备了MnOx/ACF催化剂,考察了将其用于常温催化氧化二氯甲烷的活性和稳定性。实验结果表明,MnOx负载量(质量分数)为9%的9%MnOx/ACF催化剂活性最高,在反应温度为25 ℃、二氯甲烷质量浓度为600 mg/m3时,反应90 min后9%MnOx/ACF催化剂对二氯甲烷的去除率达71%。9%MnOx/ACF催化剂重复使用5次后对二氯甲烷的去除率仍可达57%,具有较好的重复使用性能。催化剂表面的主要元素为C、O和Mn,且Mn主要以Mn4+形式存在。使用后的催化剂中存在二氯甲烷降解的中间产物甲酸盐和甲氧基物种,说明二氯甲烷已被成功降解。 相似文献
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采用湿化学氧化和高温煅烧相结合的方法对含硫量6.28%(w)的石油焦进行二段脱硫处理,并利用FTIR、SEM和XRD技术对脱硫机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:氧化工段的优化条件为硝酸与30%(w)双氧水的体积比1∶2、氧化时间10 h、氧化温度80℃、液固比35 m L/g、石油焦粒径106μm以下,优化条件下的氧化脱硫率为26.91%;煅烧工段的优化条件为1 280℃下煅烧6 h,优化条件下的煅烧脱硫率为79.43%,总脱硫率为83.95%。表征结果显示:经处理后石油焦中的黄铁矿类无机硫以及硫醇类和大部分噻吩类有机硫得到有效脱除,剩余噻吩硫转变为更稳定的形式;处理后的石油焦微观形貌轮廓变得清晰和圆润;处理前后石油焦的石墨雏晶结构基本未发生变化。 相似文献
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采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体协同TiO2光催化工艺氧化烟气中Hg0,考察了烟气组分对氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明:低温等离子体放电会产生大量近紫外光;在6 k V电压下,低温等离子体协同TiO2光催化工艺时N2/Hg0氛围下Hg0的氧化率达86%,显著高于单一等离子体时的30%;O2和H2O产生的活性粒子会使Hg0氧化率进一步提高,在5 k V电压下,N2/Hg0氛围中添加5%(φ)O2或5%(φ)H2O,低温等离子体协同TiO2光催化工艺时可分别获得96%和94%的氧化率;NO与Hg0的竞争关系会导致作用于Hg0的活性粒子减少,抑制低温等离子体对Hg0的氧化,而在低温等离子体协同TiO2光催化时,抑制作用减弱;在复杂烟气氛围下,低温等离子体协同TiO2光催化对Hg0仍保持了较高的氧化率,3次重复实验的Hg0氧化率均接近92%。 相似文献