伸展摇蚊(Chironomus tentans)转录组测序及胰岛素信号通路关键基因序列分析

为了探索基于胰岛素信号通路的无脊椎动物内分泌干扰性基因标志物,以伸展摇蚊(Chironomus tentans)为模式生物,在转录组测序基础上识别胰岛素信号通路中的关键基因,并针对InR、Pdk、Akt、FoxO等上游基因进行了cDNA全长扩增和氨基酸序列的多物种比对。基于该研究获取的cDNA全长序列,伸展摇蚊InR、Pdk、Akt、FoxO基因可分别编码含1 436、522、520、470个氨基酸的蛋白序列,序列同源性比对、系统发育树分析结果验证了其进化保守性。伸展摇蚊Ⅰ～Ⅳ龄幼虫、蛹、雌性成虫、雄性成虫中基因相对表达量的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测结果表明,InR、Pdk、Akt、FoxO在伸展摇蚊体内的表达趋势相似。Ⅰ龄和Ⅳ龄幼虫的基因表达峰值提示胰岛素信号在Ⅰ龄和Ⅳ龄幼虫中诱导了较快的生长发育速率;雌性成虫InR、Pdk、Akt、FoxO的表达显著高于雄性,这可能与胰岛素信号参与雌性生殖系统发育有关。     

浮萍转录组数据SSR位点的生物信息学分析

为开发浮萍分子标记技术,采用高通量测序技术获得浮萍转录组原始实验数据,经过生物信息学软件Trinity拼接后,获得74 797条unigene.进一步采用生物信息学分析软件MISA对所有的unigene进行SSR位点数据挖掘.共计搜索出14 250个SSR位点,分布在12 707条unigene中,出现频率为19.05%,SSR平均长度为19 bp,平均分布频率是1/6.57 kb.在浮萍转录组的SSRs中,二核苷酸与三核苷酸重复序列为主要重复类型,分别占总SSRs的70.74%和25.37%.浮萍转录组数据中SSR序列共包括185种重复基元类型,二核苷酸重复基元AG/CT和三核苷酸重复基元CCG/CGG是优势重复基元,分别占总SSRs的69.19%和8.84%.综上表明浮萍SSRs位点具有极大的可开发性.     

苯系物联合暴露仿刺参管足转录组差异表达基因分析

为了分析苯系物(BTEXs)联合暴露后仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)管足转录组差异表达基因,采用Illumina Hi SeqTM2000测序技术,对1.0 mg·L~(-1)苯系物(B)联合暴露12 h后和对照组(C)的仿刺参管足组织分别进行转录组测序。经Trinity软件进行de novo组装,获得了145 675条unigenes。利用公共数据库进行同源比对,共注释了35 330条unigenes。对比分析苯系物联合暴露组和对照组的转录组测序结果,获得了2 418个差异表达基因(DEGs)(|Log2Fold changes|≥1且FDR≤0.001),其中,上调表达和下调表达基因分别为1 049和1 369个。GOseq分析结果显示,158个DEGs显著富集在149个GO terms中,包括103个生物学过程、17个细胞组分和29个分子功能(P0.05);KEGG代谢通路分析结果显示994个差异基因映射到268条代谢通路,这些差异表达基因参与的生理过程与其他生物的同源基因参与的信号传导、癌症、外源性化合物的生物降解代谢等过程相类似。上述结果为在转录组水平筛选苯系物的生物标志物,解析苯系物对仿刺参毒性作用的分子机制提供了科学参考。     

基于转录组挖掘蕉城苦茶苦茶碱合成相关基因

为探究茶树苦茶碱积累的分子机制,以福建省发现的首个含有苦茶碱的茶树种质资源蕉城苦茶为供试材料,并以福鼎大白茶为参照组,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱测定其生物碱组分并进行转录组测序分析.结果 表明:蕉城苦茶的生物碱含量显著高于福鼎大白茶,且以苦茶碱为主(苦茶碱含量25.0±0.06 g/kg),而福鼎大白茶未检...     

基于中华猕猴桃“红阳”转录组序列开发EST-SSR分子标记(英文)

为开发猕猴桃EST-SSR标记,了解28个品种猕猴桃间的遗传多样性和遗传关系,对中华猕猴桃"红阳"的转录组序列进行分析,并根据分析结果设计SSR引物.之后采用CTAB法提取28个品种猕猴桃的DNA作为SSR-PCR的扩增模板,并根据扩增结果进行聚类分析.研究中共得到包含SSR的序列21 848条,其中重复单元为单碱基、双碱基、三碱基、四碱基、五碱基和六碱基的序列分别为1 642、15 965、3 141、248、368和484条,随机选择其中46条序列设计SSR引物.根据初步的PCR扩增,筛选出32对条带较少且明亮的引物分别对28个品种猕猴桃的DNA样本进行扩增,并对引物对应的SSR序列进行定位.结果显示,32对引物对应的序列中有19条能够得到完整的所在基因、染色体以及染色体中具体位置的信息.这些引物中有26对具有多态性,共统计到等位基因120个,每对引物得到1-11个等位基因,平均3.75个.28个猕猴桃品种之间的遗传相似性系数在0.53-0.97之间,在遗传相似系数为0.72的水平上,可将它们分为5大类,分类结果与传统形态学的划分基本一致.本研究揭示的各样本间的遗传关系可为未来猕猴桃的种质改良提供依据.图4表5参33     

基于HepG2细胞脂质组学方法对黄浦江水质的综合评价

环境水体中复合污染的毒性识别一直是环境科学界关注的热点.基于代谢组学的生物监测方法通过监测暴露前后生物内源性代谢物的变化,在评估复合污染导致的综合毒性效应中具有广泛的应用前景.本研究从污染物对细胞脂类代谢的影响角度出发,采用体外肝癌细胞(HepG2)暴露和脂质组分析相结合的方法,对黄浦江干流和支流共27个采样点的水质进行了综合评价.研究发现,水样对HepG2细胞的脂代谢影响程度与采样点所属河段紧密相关.黄浦江中游水样对HepG2细胞的平均脂代谢影响程度(3.40％)高于上游(1.65％)和下游(0.78％),而流经城区的支流水样对细胞的脂代谢影响(5.20％)明显高于干流水样(1.80％).此外,在采集的水样中超过70％的样品都导致HepG2细胞内甘油三酯(TG)大量蓄积,揭示了黄浦江水体中的复合污染物可能诱导肝脏产生脂毒性损伤.本研究为环境水质监测提供新的方法,研究结果为上海市生态环境和水质安全管理部门提供重要的参考信息.     

奥奈达希瓦氏菌(Shewanella oneidensis) MR-1对氟西汀降解过程的转录组及功能基因分析

该文研究了厌氧条件下奥奈达希瓦氏菌(Shewanella oneidensis)MR-1对氟西汀的降解性能,并从转录组学分析遗传分子代谢机制。结果表明,Shewanella oneidensis MR-1在厌氧条件下可有效降解体系中93.12%的氟西汀,降解速率达0.94 mg·L^-1·h^-1。采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解氟西汀后的细菌与对照组细菌进行测序,通过基因本体数据库(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)富集分析,结合筛选的高表达高上调的差异表达基因,得到了耐受和降解氟西汀的功能基因,其中包膜应激反应膜蛋白基因、ABC转运蛋白基因、噬菌体休克蛋白PspA基因、氧化应激防御蛋白基因等在Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对环境的耐受中起重要作用;细胞色素C基因、硝基还原酶NfsB基因、乳酸利用蛋白基因等在氟西汀的降解转化中起关键作用。该研究从转录组水平分析了氟西汀的降解机制,可为Shewanella oneidensis MR-1在环境修复中的应用提供参考依据。     

黄泥土微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+的吸附与解吸研究

采用低能量超声波分散和冷冻机干燥法提取太湖地区黄泥土不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组样品,用平衡液吸附法和CaCl2与HCl溶液的连续解吸法研究原土和不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组对重金属Cu2 的吸附和解吸特征。结果表明,对于Cu2 的吸附,原土用Langmuir方程拟合最佳,而不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组用Freundlich方程拟合最佳。原土和不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组吸附量大小顺序为粘粒级>砂粒级>原土>粉砂级>粗粉砂级,这与其游离氧化铁和有机质含量呈显著正相关。原土和不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2 的专性吸附质量分数随吸附量增加而减少,而非专性吸附质量分数则相反。不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组吸附总量小于原土,所以传统风干磨细的研究方法可能高估了土壤对铜固持能力。     

纳米TiO2对幼年小鼠血浆代谢谱影响的代谢组学研究

观察不同染毒剂量的纳米TiO2对ICR幼年小鼠血浆代谢谱变化的影响,寻找潜在的毒性效应的生物标志物.将幼年小鼠随机分为对照组以及10、30、100和300 mg·kg-1不同纳米TiO2染毒组进行28 d短期毒性试验,利用代谢组学技术初步筛选出TiO2毒性作用潜在的生物标志物,运用KEGG数据库对生物标志物进行拓扑分析...     

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity by cadmium in post larvae of Penaeus monodon

Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme and is responsible for regulating cytosolic free calcium. In vitro and in vivo effects of cadmium were studied on Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activity in plasma membrane/mitochondrial fraction of Penaeus monodon post larvae. In vitro studies revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in enzyme activity with an IC₅₀ value of 11.02?µM. In vivo experiments were conducted by exposing the post larvae to 1/10th (0.12?ppm) and 1/5th (0.24?ppm) of LC₅₀ values of cadmium for 30 days. Both ATPase activity and metal accumulation were estimated in post larvae exposed to 0.12 and 0.24?ppm of cadmium at different intervals of 24?h, 48?h, 96?h, 10 days and 30 days. ATPase activity showed a gradual decrease in post larvae on exposure to both the sub-lethal concentrations with respect to their controls and the decrease was significant (p?相似文献   

Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking water distribution system

The increase of water ages drove the deterioration of drinking water quality. The relative abundance of Rhizobiales uniquely increase during distributing process. Rhizobiales order was helpful for inhibiting corrosion under high chlorine level. New disinfecting strategies should be developed to ensure drinking water safety. Bacterial community in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) was regulated by multiple environmental factors, many of which varied as a function of water age. In this study, four water samples with different water ages, including finished water (FW, 0 d) and tap water (TW) [TW1 (1 d), TW2(2 d) and TW3(3 d)], were collected along with the mains of a practical DWDS, and the bacterial community was investigated by high-throughput sequencing technique. Results indicated that the residual chlorine declined with the increase of water age, accompanied by the increase of dissolved organic matter, total bacteria counts and bacterial diversity (Shannon). For bacterial community composition, although Proteobacteria phylum (84.12%-97.6%) and Alphaproteobacteria class (67.42%-93.09%) kept dominate, an evident regular was observed at the order level. In detail, the relative abundance of most of other residual orders increased with different degrees from the start to the end of the DWDS, while a downward trend was uniquely observed in terms of Rhizobiales, who was inferred to be chlorine-resistant and be helpful for inhibiting pipes corrosion. Moreover, some OTUs were found to be closely related with species possessing pathogenicity and chlorine-resistant ability, so it was recommended that the use of agents other than chlorine or agents that can act synergically with chlorine should be developed for drinking water disinfection. This paper revealed bacterial community variations along the mains of the DWDS and the result was helpful for understanding bacterial ecology in the DWDS.     

Fe-C-H_2O_2协同催化氧化处理印染废水

用Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化体系对印染工业废水的降解脱色处理进行了研究。对影响印染废水降解的几种因素如铁屑/碳粒质量比、双氧水的质量分数、废水pH等进行考察。试验结果表明,对于色度为650度和ρ（COD）为468mg·L-1的印染废水,在废水pH=4.8的情况下,当铁屑/碳粒质量比为25∶1、H2O2用量为150mg·L-1、催化反应30min时,印染废水的脱色率达98%以上,CODCr去除率可达78%。与Fe-C微电解法相比,Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化方法对印染废水的脱色能力和去除COD,表现出了更好的处理效果。     

Decomposition of aqueous chlorinated contaminants by UV irradiation with H2O2

In the present study, the decomposition rates of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water by the ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation alone and H₂O₂/UV were experimentally investigated. The detailed experimental studies have been conducted for examining treatment capacities of the two different ultraviolet light sources (low and medium pressure Hg arc) in H₂O₂/UV processes. The low or medium UV lamp alone resulted in a 60%–90% decomposition of 2,4-DCP while a slight addition of H₂O₂ resulted in a drastic enhancement of the 2,4-DCP decomposition rate. The decomposition rate of 2,4-DCP with the medium pressure UV lamp alone was about 3–6 times greater than the low pressure UV lamp alone. In the direct photolysis of aqueous CCl₄, the medium pressure UV lamp had advantage over the low pressure UV lamp because the molar extinction coefficient of CCl₄ at shorter wavelength (210–220 nm) is about 20 to 50 times higher than that at 254 nm. However, adding H₂O₂ to the medium pressure UV lamp system rendered a negative oxidation rate because H₂O₂ acted as a UV absorber being competitive with CCl₄ due to negligible reaction between CCl₄ and OH radicals. The results from the present study indicated significant influence of the photochemical properties of the target contaminants on the photochemical treatment characteristics for designing cost-effective UV-based degradation of toxic contaminants.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药的研究

通过实验,探讨了用纳米TiO2光催化处理有机磷农药模拟废水和实际应用的有机磷农药的可行性.实验表明,以测定不同时间PO43-的浓度来衡量有机磷的降解率,并以此来衡量有机磷农药及其中间产物降解的程度是合理的.光催化降解甲胺磷和水胺硫磷的结果,显示了有机磷农药的降解率与其结构有关.实际应用的有机磷农药也可用光催化降解.     

Removal of methylene blue by coupling black carbon adsorption with TiO2 photodegradation

In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by the coupling of black carbon (BC) and TiO₂ was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as catalyst dose, sorbent, initial concentrations of dye, pH of the solutions, recycles on discoloration, and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction of MB were monitored to optimize the reaction conditions. The discoloration and COD conversation rate of MB obtained by the coupling process were 100% after 90?min irradiation. The synergistic effect of MB-adsorption on BC followed by degradation through TiO₂ photocatalysis was proved by FT–IR spectrophotometer. The BC as by-product of natural materials is a promising adsorbent for waste water treatment.     

Oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl imidazole for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of some metal ions

In this work, a new procedure for the enrichment of the trace amount of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions based on the utilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl imidazole as chelating agent prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been described. The influence of effective parameters including pH, amount of ligand and MWCNT, composition of eluent, and coexisting ions on recoveries of understudy metal ions was examined. At the optimum pH of 5.0, all metal ions were quantitatively sorbed onto the proposed solid phase and completely desorbed with 8?mL of 5.0?mol?L^?1 HNO₃. The detection limit of Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions was 1.7, 2.4, 2.3, 2.9, 2.8, and 1.4?µg?L^?1, while the preconcentration factor was 63 for Cu²⁺ and 94 for the other metal ions and relative standard deviations between 1.8 less than 3.0%. The proposed procedure was applied for the analysis of various samples.     

Optimization of the O3/H2O2 process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor of gas field wastewater

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O₃/H₂O₂ process. • Successful optimization of operation conditions was attained using RSM based on CCD. • Single-factor experiments in advance ensured optimal experimental conditions. • The satisfactory removal efficiency of TOC was achieved in spite of high salinity. • The initial pH plays the most significant role in the degradation of ML-GFW. The present study reports the use of the O₃/H₂O₂ process in the pretreatment of the mother liquor of gas field wastewater (ML-GFW), obtained from the multi-effect distillation treatment of the gas field wastewater. The range of optimal operation conditions was obtained by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization procedure. A regression model with Total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency as the response value was established (R² = 0.9865). The three key factors were arranged according to their significance as: pH>H₂O₂ dosage>ozone flow rate. The model predicted that the best operation conditions could be obtained at a pH of 10.9, an ozone flow rate of 0.8 L/min, and H₂O₂ dosage of 6.2 mL. The dosing ratio of ozone was calculated to be 9.84 mg O₃/mg TOC. The maximum removal efficiency predicted was 75.9%, while the measured value was 72.3%. The relative deviation was found to be in an acceptable range. The ozone utilization and free radical quenching experiments showed that the addition of H₂O₂ promoted the decomposition of ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This also improved the ozone utilization efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that most of the organic matters in ML-GFW were degraded, while some residuals needed further treatment. This study provided the data and the necessary technical supports for further research on the treatment of ML-GFW.     

Inactivation of bacteria by sun light in a solar reactor with Immobilised TiO2

The photocatalytical inactivation of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis,...) in the flow‐through plate solar reactor by sunlight was investigated. The low stability of bacteria in the reactor was attributed to bacteria sensitivity to mixing and/or gas bubbling. Sunlight inactivation proceeds with sufficient rate even under cloudy conditions.