CAAC工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水

为满足大豆深加工行业废水处理的需要,结合好氧-厌氧耦合(AAC)工艺和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR),研发了连续化好氧-厌氧耦合(CAAC)工艺.该工艺通过水流方向上交替改变的环境条件,实现大豆深加工废水厌氧出水污染物的去除和剩余污泥减量化.试验采用模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水进行处理,水力停留时间(HRT)≥1.3 d时,出水ρ(COD_Cr)保持在50 mg/L以下,COD_Cr去除率为95%,出水ρ(MLSS)保持在0～15 mg/L.经过301 d的试验,仅排放污泥1次,表观污泥产率为0.157 1,为活性污泥法的31.4%,具备良好的污泥减量化特性.      

臭氧在中试规模污泥原位减量中的应用

为探究高、低浓度臭氧旁路处理对中试系统出水水质、污泥减量率的影响,采用两组系统(对照组:厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A/A/O),试验组:A/A/O+臭氧旁路处理)在5个工况下运行183d.结果表明,利用剂量为13mg/g MLSS(25mg/g MLVSS)臭氧处理占生物反应池容积20％的回流污泥时,系统运行性能良好;在此操作...     

生物膜-活性污泥组合工艺处理高氨氮废水工程实例

污泥压滤废水经厌氧消化后仍具高COD与高氨氮的特点,C/N比严重失调,属于典型的高氨氮废水。采用生物膜-活性污泥组合工艺(IFAS)处理污泥压滤废水的厌氧消化液,运行方式为好氧/缺氧反复交替,并向废水中添加磷源。系统运行稳定后,系统进水ρ(COD)为900~1 000 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)为240~400 mg/L,COD、氨氮去除率分别达88.34%、96.53%。出水各指标达到污水处理厂的接收标准。IFAS系统有利于硝化菌的附着,同时向废水中添加磷源有利于活性污泥与生物膜的增长。     

寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量技术的稳定性研究进展

对近年来国内外寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量技术的稳定性研究进展进行了系统评述。除了选择适合稳定减量的蠕虫种属以外,蠕虫反应器构造和废水处理工艺流程、污泥减量工艺的运行操作参数、以及活性污泥本身,都是影响寡毛类蠕虫在活性污泥系统中稳定存在并直接影响到其对活性污泥的捕食和削减能力的重要因素。通过对现有研究进行分析,指出寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量工艺投入实际工程应用的技术和经济瓶颈。     

纳米磁粉协同解偶联剂作用下活性污泥性能的研究

为了促进解偶联剂作用下活性污泥减量化效果及污泥沉降性能,本研究在序批式活性污泥工艺的设施中同时添加解偶联剂和纳米磁粉,分析其协同作用下对活性污泥性能产生的影响.研究发现2,4,5-三氯苯酚(TCP)单独作用下污泥减量达41%,但活性污泥基质降解性能及沉降性能降低,而纳米磁粉与TCP联合作用下污泥减量仍达34%,且对C、N、P去除效能和污泥沉降性能均无明显影响.运行31 d后,脱氢酶活性提高10%～18%,且具有一定的时间累积效应;在光学显微镜下观察可发现污泥絮体结构紧实,原生动物和后生动物种类和数量增多.结果还表明,在活性污泥工艺中运用纳米磁粉与TCP协同作用可抑制剩余污泥的产生,并能提高活性污泥系统的运行效能.     

细微泥沙对活性污泥系统的影响及其恢复特征

不同地区、排水体制和季节下,我国城市污水厂进水中细微泥沙含量〔以ρ(ISS)/ρ(COD_Cr)表征,ISS为无机悬浮固体〕差异较大,细微泥沙进入生化处理单元将会对活性污泥系统的正常运行产生一定影响. 考察在不同进水细微泥沙浓度下,活性污泥系统各运行参数的变化及系统恢复情况,结果表明:①随着进水中细微泥沙浓度的增大,活性污泥系统ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)、SOUR′(单位质量污泥活性)、CST(污泥毛细吸水时间)和SVI(污泥容积指数)降低;在影响期,ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)最小值、SOUR′平均值、CST平均值与细微泥沙浓度均呈良好的线性关系,R2(相关系数)分别为0.963 7、0.979 9和0.786 5;系统恢复所需时间与进水细微泥沙浓度呈正相关. ②污泥中细微泥沙浓度的增加导致SOUR′下降,使得ρ(MLSS)和剩余污泥量增加,不利于污水厂的节能减排. 可见进水中细微泥沙浓度的增大不利于污水厂的稳定高效运行.      

处理城市污水的好氧颗粒污泥培养及形成过程

在中试序列间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)反应器中采用有机物浓度低的城市污水培养好氧颗粒污泥. 运行过程中考察了污泥性能,并通过调整、优化沉淀时间和排水比等运行参数,培养出了高性能且稳定的好氧颗粒污泥. 活性污泥接种40 d后反应器内开始出现细小颗粒,160 d后颗粒污泥趋于成熟,粒径可达0.8 mm,且其周围有大量的原生动物. 颗粒化过程中,污泥密度、沉降速率和ρ(MLSS)分别从初期的1.004 0 g/cm3,6.8 m/h和4 000 mg/L升至1.010 5 g/cm3,38.5 m/h和8 000 mg/L,污泥容积指数(SVI₃₀)则从75 mL/g降至40 mL/g. 形成后的颗粒污泥对城市污水中COD_Cr和NH₄+-N有很好的去除效果,出水中ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(NH₄+-N)分别在50和5 mg/L以下.      

化学解耦联剂对活性污泥工艺中污泥产率的影响

采用3,3′,4′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解耦联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS在浓度高于1.0mg/L时是一种有效的化学解耦联剂,能显著地降低污泥产率.当TCS浓度为6.0mg/L时,污泥产率可降低约50%.在40d的运行期间,隔天分别在3个反应器中添加TCS 2.0、2.8和3.6mg/L,基质的去除能力和出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,污泥的SOUR值和脱氢酶活性相应增加,污泥的沉降性能也未见有明显影响.镜检发现,对照反应器中的污泥经40d运行后仍有丝状菌存在,而添加解耦联剂反应器中的污泥几乎无丝状菌的存在.以上结果表明,可以应用TCS来降低活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥产量.     

污泥臭氧原位减量工艺中抗生素的去除

建立了两套小试规模的序批式反应器,一套作为污泥臭氧原位减量系统,另一套作为控制系统.通过两系统的长期运行（90 d）考察了污泥臭氧原位减量工艺对9种典型抗生素（四环素、土霉素、强力霉素、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星和阿奇霉素）的去除效果.结果表明,进水中目标抗生素的存在（9种抗生素各100 μg·L^-1）并未对活性污泥去除COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的效果产生显著影响.污泥臭氧原位减量系统出水中目标抗生素浓度在运行期间保持相对稳定,且与控制系统接近;但污泥中目标抗生素浓度则显著低于控制系统.质量衡算表明目标抗生素在两系统内的输入和输出逐渐达到平衡,臭氧降解和剩余污泥排放分别为减量和控制系统中目标抗生素的主要去除途径.污泥臭氧处理单元可以降解减量系统入水中83%的目标抗生素,而控制系统入水中82%的目标抗生素则随剩余污泥排放.因此,污泥臭氧原位减量工艺可以明显削减活性污泥系统中抗生素的排放,具有重要的实际意义.     

利用微型后生动物进行污泥原位减量的试验研究

在A/A/O普通活性污泥工艺中引入非寡毛类微型后生动物考察其生长条件和对剩余污泥的减量效果及对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,当进水负荷小于0.5 mg(/mg MLSS·d)时,非寡毛类微型后生动物可大量生长;当内回流比升高、外回流比降低时,更有利于虫体的繁殖。经过适时的运行工艺调整可使生化系统虫体密度和稳定性提高,污泥减量效果可达到40%以上。非寡毛类后生动物的活动与摄食作用提高了系统污泥的沉降性能,并对系统出水COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、SS没有影响。。     

膜生物反应器处理高浓度含酚废水研究

将膜生物反应器(MBR)用于高浓度含酚废水的处理中,探讨了进水中苯酚浓度、水力停留时间和污泥浓度对膜生物反应器处理含酚废水效果的影响。实验结果表明:经过42d驯化后,可以在高浓度含酚废水中正常运行,MBR系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别可达98%和80.6%。当苯酚浓度为134mg/L时,处理的最佳水力停留时间为3h,最佳污泥浓度(MLSS)为7367mg/L。     

提铜选矿药剂生产废水处理中污泥驯化研究

针对提铜选矿药剂生产废水气味浓、浊度高、色度高、含有机毒物、油类物质含量高、高盐分、高COD的水质特点,采用物化-生化组合工艺进行处理。在前期预处理工艺研究基础上,采用预处理废水,对生化处理单元活性污泥进行驯化研究。结果表明:先采用常规的COD负荷提升法对活性污泥进行兼氧、好氧单独驯化,然后进行兼氧-好氧活性污泥组合驯化,经2个月左右可驯化出高活性的兼氧、好氧污泥。当进水ρ(COD)≤7 800 mg/L,经兼氧-好氧生化处理后,出水ρ(COD)低于150 mg/L。兼氧、好氧生化工艺参数分别如下:ρ(MLSS)=3 700 mg/L、HRT=3～4 d、有机容积负荷OLR<1.3 kg/(m3.d);ρ(MLSS)为8 400 mg/L、HRT2～3 d、OLR<0.3 kg/(m3.d)、ρ(DO)=5～6 mg/L。     

无排泥条件下的膜-生物反应器系统处理焦化废水可行性研究

小试规模浸没式厌氧/缺氧/好氧-膜-生物反应器(A1/A2/O-MBR)系统用于处理实际焦化废水,在无排泥条件下连续运行160 d.考察了长期运行条件下系统对不同污染物的去除性能,并通过亲疏水组分分离和三维荧光光谱法,对进出水焦化废水中溶解性有机物(DOMs)特征进行分析.结果表明,A1/A2/O-MBR系统能稳定去除88.0%±1.6%的COD,99.9%的挥发酚,99.4%±0.2%的浊度和98.3%±1.9%的NH4+-N,相应的平均出水浓度分别为249 mg/L±44 mg/L、0.18 mg/L±0.05 mg/L、1.0NTU±0.2 NTU和4.1 mg/L±4.3 mg/L;最大TN去除率可达到74.9%.在系统160 d运行过程中,MLVSS/MLSS维持在90.2%±1.0%,没有出现无机物的积累;污泥的表观产率(MLVSS/COD)逐渐降低并最终稳定在0.035 kg/kg.在焦化废水DOMs的疏水酸性、疏水中性、疏水碱性和亲水物4种组分中,疏水酸性物是进出水中最主要的溶解性有机碳(DOC)和色度组分,分别占进出水总DOC的70%和67%,总色度的75%和76%.三维荧光光谱分析表明腐殖质类物质是系统出水中残留的主要难降解有机物和致色物质.     

Aeration optimization through operation at low dissolved oxygen concentrations: Evaluation of oxygen mass transfer dynamics in different activated sludge systems

In wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)using the activated sludge process,two methods are widely used to improve aeration efficiency — use of high-efficiency aeration devices and optimizing the aeration control strategy. Aeration efficiency is closely linked to sludge characteristics(such as concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)and microbial communities)and operating conditions(such as air flow rate and operational dissolved oxygen(DO)concentrations). Moreover,operational DO is closely linked to effluent quality. This study,which is in reference to WWTP discharge class A Chinese standard effluent criteria,determined the growth kinetics parameters of nitrifiers at different DO levels in small-scale tests. Results showed that the activated sludge system could meet effluent criteria when DO was as low as 0.3 mg/L,and that nitrifier communities cultivated under low DO conditions had higher oxygen affinity than those cultivated under high DO conditions,as indicated by the oxygen half-saturation constant and nitrification ability. Based on nitrifier growth kinetics and on the oxygen mass transfer dynamic model(determined using different air flow rate(Q′_(air))and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)values),theoretical analysis indicated limited potential for energy saving by improving aeration diffuser performance when the activated sludge system had low oxygen consumption; however,operating at low DO and low MLVSS could significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally,a control strategy coupling sludge retention time and MLVSS to minimize the DO level was discussed,which is critical to appropriate setting of the oxygen point and to the operation of low DO treatment technology.     

Automatic control strategy for step feed anoxic/aerobic biological nitrogen removal process

Control of sludge age and mixed liquid suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge process is critical for ensuring effective wastewater treatment. A nonlinear dynamic model for a step-feed activated sludge process was developed in this study. The system is based on the control of the sludge age and mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage by adjusting the sludge recycle and wastage flow rates respectively. The simulation results showed that the sludge age remained nearly constant at a value of 16 d in the variation of the influent characteristics. The mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage were also maintained to a desired value of 2500 g/m^3 by adjusting wastage flow rates.     

高无机悬浮物进水对城市污水厂处理效果的冲击影响及机理研究

针对我国南方城市污水厂经常出现的高无机悬浮物(SS)负荷冲击问题,在分析其进水水质特性的基础上,研究了高无机SS负荷冲击对活性污泥系统的污泥特性、污泥活性、出水水质和去除效率等方面的影响.结果表明:高无机SS负荷冲击条件下,剩余污泥的含水率会变小,排泥量是主要的控制参数,应减小冲击初期剩余污泥排放体积;活性污泥的硝化速率、反硝化速率、释磷速率和吸磷速率分别比正常情况下降了30.5%、36.7%、35.0%和28.1%;COD去除效率不会改变,SS、TN和NH+4-N的去除效率会降低,但能够提高TP的去除效率.研究结果可为制定相应的工艺对策和措施奠定基础.     

复合菌群生物强化削减NPEO内分泌干扰毒性的试验研究

印染废水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(nonylphnol polyethylene ether, NPEO)在生化处理过程中会产生雌激素活性更强的壬基酚(NP)等中间产物,导致处理后印染废水内分泌干扰毒性升高.为探索以NPEO和NP为降解靶点进行菌群生物强化脱毒的可行性,分别以NPEO和NP驯化富集印染活性污泥,并将得到的降解菌群以单独和组合投加方式进行生物强化试验,考察强化控毒效果.结果表明：(1)NPEO降解菌群(NPEB)和NP降解菌群(NPB)中的优势菌均为Proteobacteria,二者对10 mg/L NPEO和NP的48 h去除率均高于98%.(2)单独或组合投加5 mg/L的NPEB和NPB至混合液悬浮固体浓度(MLSS)为500 mg/L的活性污泥体系,均能显著提升活性污泥对不同浓度(10和1 mg/L) NPEO的降解性能,大幅缩短NPEO降解过程中雌激素活性的变化周期,并使体系的雌激素活性维持在较低水平.(3)当降解体系中加入1 000 mg/L葡萄糖作为额外碳源时,NPB的强化性能被完全抑制,而NPEB在降解性能受抑的情况下仍能增强活性污泥的NPEO降解速率并缩短控...     

An investigation of the fate and behaviour of a mixture of WO_3 and TiO_2 nanoparticles in a wastewater treatment plant

The fate and behaviour of WO_3 and TiO_2 mixture were investigated following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 303 A guidelines. The nanoparticles were found not to influence the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency which was maintained 80%hence the activated sludge process was on affected. The nanoparticles were eliminated from the wastewater with a greater percentage of 99.8% for TiO_2 and 95.5% for WO_3 found in the sludge.The activated sludge process also had no effect of the polymorphs of the nanoparticles as X-ray diffraction revealed presence of monoclinic WO_3 and anatase TiO_2 which were spiked into the influent. The nanoparticles were mainly removed by bio-adsorption on the activated sludge surface. The total plate count revealed that the bacterial colonies present in the control and the test units were comparable during the gradual introduction of nanoparticles in the chambers.The biomass was 0.75 MLVSS/MLSS(mixed liquor volatile suspended solids/mixed liquor suspended solids) in both the aeration vessels thus a greater proportion of the sludge were the microorganisms. A greater percentage of the Ti and W found in the effluent was mainly due to the nanoparticles adsorbed on the suspended solids with only 3.6% Ti and 28.6% W due to dissolution of nanoparticles.     

Treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon using microelectrolysis and modified DAT/IAT methods

To examine treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon with poor biodegradability, a typical wastewater lagoon in Tianjin, China, was treated and remedied using microelectrolysis and modified demand aeration tank (DAT)/intermittent aeration tank (IAT) methods. After pretreatment by microelectrolysis, the removal e ciency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was up to 64.6% and the ratio of BOC/COD in the e uent increased from 0.013 to 0.609. The removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were a ected by sludge backflow rate, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the modified DAT/IAT reactor. The highest removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were up to 78.9% and 62.6%, respectively, when the sludge backflow rate was 38.0 mL/min, the total HRT was 8.0 hr and MLSS was 4088.0 mg/L. In this case, some protozoa and metazoa were observed in activated sludge and biofilm carriers. Most of chrominance was removed by microelectrolysis treatment, while the modified DAT/IAT methods were more e ective for CODCr and NH+4 -N removal.     

SBR中活性污泥培养驯化的研究

文章主要研究在序列间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)中活性污泥的培养驯化,以人工配制的污水作为营养液,通过控制温度(26℃左右)、pH(6.8～7.8)、溶解氧(2～6 mg/L)等试验条件来进行污泥的逐步培养驯化,主要探究在培养期间活性污泥浓度(主要测其MLSS)、对COD的去除效果、30分钟沉降比和活性污泥微生物相随培养时间变化而变化的规律。以及培养中出现的异常状况与解决方法。