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湿地植物根际微生物处理生活污水的模型规模研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在人工湿地模型中,研究了人为增加湿地植物根际微生物对生活污水中COD的降解效果:将2株从湿地分离的根际微生物扩增培养(分别用于模型1与模型2),与一定比例的生活污水混合后注入到湿地模型中,在停留12,24,36,48 h时分别测定污水中COD的去除率.结果表明,加菌模型对COD的去除率显著高于空白模型(P<0.05),且随着时间的延长,二者的差异性越大,至48 h时,空白模型和2个加菌模型(模型1和模型2)对自然污水COD的去除率分别为50.6%,73.0%,75.3%,对灭菌污水COD的去除率分别为52.2%,76.3%,80.1%.说明向人工湿地中添加植物根际微生物将大大提高湿地对生活污水中COD的去除率,具有进一步开发的价值. 相似文献
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在冬季和春季分别做了为期2个月的长期实验。研究了人为增加湿地植物根际微生物对生活污水中COD的降解效果,以及温度的影响,细菌数量的变化,湿地基质的堵塞状况。连续运行的结果表明,随着时间的增加,空白模型和实验模型上层土壤中的细菌数量呈上升趋势,同时处理率稳步提高。表明废水中COD的去除与湿地系统中成长的微生物数量有关。在温度大于10℃时,温度与模型处理率没有相关性。空白模型出现不同程度的积水现象,而实验模型运行正常,土壤渗透率测定中,空白模型土样的渗水时间比试验模型长28%,均说明实验模型中人为添加的菌对湿地的堵塞具有明显的缓解作用。 相似文献
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人工湿地植物根系分泌物与根际微环境相关性的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
人工湿地中植物发挥着至关重要的作用.植物根系能向基质中释放糖类、酸类等分泌物,从而影响根际微生物种类及分布等微环境特征,因此植物根系分泌物与根际微环境的关系逐渐受到关注.综述了近10年来植物根系分泌物组成与分泌机理等方面的研究进展,分析了温度、pH值、光照等环境因子及养分含量、微生物等对根系分泌物的影响,探讨了根系分泌物在养分胁迫的改善、金属毒性的改善、对根际微生物的影响及化感作用等方面对微环境的影响.在此基础上提出明确植物根系分泌内在机制及其与植物抗逆性的关系等研究方向. 相似文献
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通过涂覆热分解法制备了Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2、Ti/RuO_2电极材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安(CV)对电极材料进行表征,考察了电流密度、Na Cl质量浓度、p H值及电极间距对废水COD降解率的影响。结果表明,Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2电极对COD具有更高的降解率,对其进行工艺优化。电极材料对废水降解的最佳工艺条件为电流密度40 m A/cm2,Na Cl质量浓度4 g/L,p H=5. 0,电极间距10 mm,COD的降解率达到90. 5%。Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2电极中SnO_2与RuO_2生成固溶体,有利于增强涂层与基体之间的结合力,提高电极的稳定性; ZrO_2起到细化晶粒的作用,致使电极表面粗糙度增加,增强了电极的电催化性能,且降解过程符合一级动力学模型。 相似文献
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模拟装置研究绿地系统在暴雨径流污染控制中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用城市绿地和降雨系统模拟装置,研究绿地系统对实际暴雨径流污染的削减作用.历时60 min,降雨重现期为1 a、3 a、5 a时,绿地系统可以削减雨水径流量.1 a一遇时,绿地系统对雨水径流中COD、氮和磷总量的去除率分别为60.2%,49.2%和61.5%.以无植被裸土为对照,模拟绿地系统对径流雨水中COD、NH+4N及TP去除率较对照组分别提高7.1%,6.2%和4.4%.降雨期间污染物的去除主要依靠土壤和植物根系的截留、吸附和吸收作用;降雨后微生物开始降解吸附于土壤颗粒表面和植物根系上的污染物,降雨后第5~8 d,土壤中微生物数量达到最大值,第14~17 d微生物完成对吸附有机物等的降解,数量恢复到降雨前水平.研究表明, 模拟绿地对降雨地表径流量的削减、径流污染物浓度的削减和污染物总量的控制有较好作用. 相似文献
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探讨了不同浓度葡萄糖和秸秆水解产物共基质溶液对电能的输出影响,并检测了产电微生物的种类。随着阳极底物质量浓度(50,500,1000,1500,2000,2500 mg/L )的升高,电池的最大开路电压依次为725,1286,1273,1318,1165,1280 mV。当质量浓度为1500 mg/L时,电池产电性能最高,其最大输出功率密度为363.38 mW/m2,内阻为191.68Ω,COD去除效率为82.8%,库伦效率为18.83%。利用16SrDNA技术分析了微生物燃料电池的菌群结构,结果显示,阳极主要产电微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(6):903-916
In this paper we investigated the use of three different methods for determining the rate constants for degradation of winery effluent within a sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW). These methods comprised of using a dispersed plug flow (the Peclet) equation; a tanks-in-series (TIS) equation; and analysing the residence time distribution (RTD) directly. The last of these is described by the convolution integral (CI). We demonstrated self-similarity of the RTDs, which meant that the system's hydraulics were similar throughout the CW. We therefore extrapolated the RTD data to develop a more complete understanding of the hydraulic properties of the CW and examine how they affected the kinetics of degradation. We found that whilst both the Peclet and the TIS equation were able to predict concentration within the CW, this required the optimisation of more than one variable at the same time rendering a result that was more of a modelling exercise than a useful design tool. The CI method could be applied to predict system parameters effectively. We used it to measure rate constants of removal for both ethanol and potassium (key species for tracking the degradation/treatment of the effluent). Acetic acid, however, did not degrade implying that the CW operated aerobically. The concentration of sodium increased very slightly, indicating that it is not bioremediated/removed and that there are some minor evapotranspirative effects. The rate constant found for the biodegradation of COD was found to have significantly more uncertainty associated with it than the measurement of the rate of degradation individual components and we therefore posit that it is better to describe the processes of degradation by tracking individual components rather than lumped parameters. 相似文献
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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(5):447-455
Today, the world's energy needs are still supplied mainly from fossil fuel based resources. This is true for electricity generation as well, thus making the power sector responsible for 45% of greenhouse gas emissions. The present climate crisis has made it necessary to minimise emissions in power generation, with low-carbon energy sources taking on greater significance in recent years. However, most low-carbon sources have inherent problems, like intermittency and high capital expenditure. A suitable alternative is carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which allows continued fossil fuel-based electricity generation at much lower rates of emission. Two approaches are possible in the deployment of CCS technology. The first is to introduce new power plants equipped for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, while systematically shutting down existing coal power plants. Another is to retrofit existing power plants for CO2 capture. These approaches are compared in this work. The study shows that allowing CCS retrofitting of existing power plants can reduce the overall cost requirement significantly. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also done to study the effect of nuclear energy on the overall energy mix. 相似文献
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针对湿地植物芦苇根系分泌物特性不明确的问题,于北京建筑大学大兴校区人工湖实地采集湿地植物芦苇,在实验室水培后采用三维荧光光谱技术考察了芦苇根系分泌溶解性有机物组成随时间的变化规律。结果表明:芦苇根系可分泌溶解性有机物,使根系周围水体有机碳含量增加;芦苇根系分泌物主要为含芳环结构类色氨酸蛋白物质;随时间延长,三维荧光光谱图出现代表微生物代谢物的荧光峰,推测根系周围出现微生物活动,微生物利用根系分泌物生长繁殖,并将类蛋白物质转化为类腐殖酸物质,产生代谢物,使根际周围溶解性有机物组成发生改变。 相似文献
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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(6):849-861
Resource depletion is of concern to both present and future generations in terms of access to resources. It is a prominent impact category within life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability assessment. This paper examines existing resource depletion approaches and indicators in the context of natural gas depletion, and their limitations in modelling the wider environmental consequences of resource consumption. Some existing models assume substitution of scarce fossil fuels with an alternative fossil fuel or mix, but do not consider all of the subsequent change in impacts. An additional methodology is proposed to measure the impact changes when fossil fuel substitution occurs as a result of scarcity. The methodology will demonstrate the effect of resource scarcity for individual processes but also multiple processes which operate at different levels of resource consumption with varying degrees of impacts. The methodology is applied to a scarcity situation of natural gas in Australia, where black coal is substituted for gas. It is first applied to natural gas consumed for electricity generation only. In the second case, the methodology is applied to the substitution of natural gas for both electricity generation and hydrogen production. The varying impacts on emissions to air and water, together with solid waste generation and water depletion, as a result of the substitution are used to reflect the consequences of fossil fuel depletion. The indicators also provide information on the impacts of substitution in each product, thus enabling users to prioritise products based on the impacts produced during natural gas allocation. 相似文献
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从稳定运行以壬基酚为燃料的微生物燃料电池阳极生物膜分离到一株能以壬基酚为唯一碳源生长的产电菌LQF-6。对菌株LQF-6的形态和16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌为假单胞菌。LQF-6以壬基酚为唯一碳源,培养84 h壬基酚降解率为53.80%。差分脉冲伏安测定结果表明,LQF-6分别在-0.088 V和0.272 V出现两个氧化峰。菌株LQF-6接种至微生物燃料电池阳极室,以壬基酚为底物,铁氰化钾为阴极电子受体,外接电阻为1000Ω时,微生物燃料电池最大输出电压达0.17 V,电池最大功率密度为(58.51±2.24)m W/m2。 相似文献
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针对连续流人工湿地脱氮效果差、占地面积大、冬季效能低的问题,以提高人工湿地冬季低温运行效能、减小人工湿地占地面积为目标,在前期序批式深床人工湿地研究基础上,重点考察其冬季低温条件下的处理效能。结果表明,温度对序批式深床人工湿地效能影响显著,8~10℃下城镇污水进水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN质量浓度为261mg/L、60 mg/L和70 mg/L时,各自平均去除率分别为72.6%、36.7%和40.2%,较20~25℃时分别下降9.8%、15.4%和10.6%;水温8-10℃时,2级序批式深床人工湿地系统COD、NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别为95.1%、74.7%和78.7%,较单级系统的72.0%、38.9%和41.1%分别提高了23.1%、35.8%和37.6%。 相似文献
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Municipal Solid Waste in general and its organic fraction in particular is a potential renewable and non-seasonal resource. In this work, a life cycle assessment has been performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of two future scenarios using biogas produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) to supply energy to a group of dwellings, respectively comprising distributed generation using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) micro-CHP systems and condensing boilers. The London Borough of Greenwich is taken as the reference case study. The system is designed to assess how much energy demand can be met and what is the best way to use the digestible waste for distributed energy purposes.The system is compared with two alternative scenarios fuelled by natural gas: a reference scenario, where the electricity is supplied by the grid and the heat is supplied from condensing boilers, and a fuel cell micro-CHP system. The results show that, although OFMSW alone can only supply between 1% and 4% of the total energy demand of the Borough, a saving of ∼130 tonnes of CO2 eq per year per dwelling equipped with micro-CHP is still achievable compared with the reference scenario. This is primarily due to the surplus electricity produced by the fuel cell when the micro-CHP unit is operated to meet the heat demand. Use of biogas to produce heat only is therefore a less desirable option compared with combined heat and power production. Further investigation is required to identify locally available feedstock other than OFMSW in order to increase the proportion of energy demand that can be met in this way. 相似文献