钴(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)对长春花C.roseus细胞悬浮生长的影响

研究了ｐＨ５．５条件下,钴（Ⅱ）和镍（Ⅱ）对长春花Ｃ．ｒｏｓｅｕｓ细胞悬浮增养生长的影响。当介质中钴的起始深度为０．５０／２．０μｇ／ｍｌ时,能轻微刺激Ｃ．ｒｏｓｅｕｓ细胞的生长,〔Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）〕＞４．０μｇ／ｍｌ,〔Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）〕＞２．０μｇ／ｍｌ时,阻碍细胞生长,其抑制程度与介质中钴（Ⅱ）。镍（Ⅱ）的浓度相关;它们的最小致死浓度分别为５０．０μｇ／ｍｌＣｏ（Ⅱ）和１０．０μｇ／ｍｌＮｉ（Ⅱ）。钴（     

两性高分子螯合絮凝剂与Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的螯合稳定性

采用紫外分光光度法测定了两性高分子螯合絮凝剂(ACPF)与Cu2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Ni2+形成螯合物的吸收光谱,考察了螯合沉淀物的稳定性,探讨了螯合物的组成,并计算其稳定常数.结果表明,ACPF分别在204、251和285 nm处出现最大吸收峰;ACPF中—CSS-基团与Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+和Ni2+等离子均按物质的量比2:1形成稳定螯合物,分别在319、310、313.5和326 nm处出现最大吸收峰,最大吸收峰发生显著红移.ACPF与Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+和Ni2+形成的螯合物的稳定常数分别为1.37 ×1012、3.26 ×1011、2.05×1011和3.04×1010.螯合沉淀物中重金属离子的溶出率随溶出液pH值升高而降低.PH≥5.6时,ACPF-Cu2+、ACPF-Ni2+ 、ACPF-Pb2+和ACPF-Cd2+都很稳定,浸出60.D后溶出液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Pb2+和Cd2+浓度都分别低于相应的国家污水综合排放标准(GB8979-1996).     

预处理对小球藻吸附Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的影响

为了研究不同预处理方式对小球藻藻体吸附Cd2+、Pb2+和Cu2+的影响,文章将经过高温灭菌、Ca(NO3)2溶液浸泡和HNO3溶液浸泡预处理的小球藻藻体冷冻干燥,然后在单、两和三组份重金属离子溶液中进行吸附实验。结果表明,在单一系统中,经过Ca(NO3)2溶液浸泡过的藻体吸附效果较好;在混合系统中,冷冻干燥的藻体吸附效果较好。小球藻藻体对重金属吸附动力学曲线表明,在单一或混合系统中,高温灭菌的藻体对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附于360 min内基本达到平衡,Ca(NO3)2或HNO3溶液浸泡过的藻体对Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附于360 min内基本达到平衡。运用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对吸附重金属离子前的藻体进行表征。结果表明,不同预处理藻体细胞的功能性基团和形态结构存在着差异,进而影响其对Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+的吸附能力。     

毛木耳和白木耳子实体对Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附特性研究

通过批量实验研究了毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)子实体和白木耳(Tremella fuciformis)子实体对水溶液中不同浓度的Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附能力和吸附动力学特性.此外,研究了多种离子共存对吸附效果的影响,以及吸附剂在多重金属混合溶液中对各重金属离子的吸附量大小顺序.结果表明,毛木耳子实体对单金属溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为18.91、18.69、20.33和12.42mg·g-1,最大去除率在实验设置条件下均在85%以上;白木耳子实体对单金属溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为19.98、20.15、19.16和16.41mg·g-1,最大去除率在实验条件下均在75%以上.在初始浓度分别为10、50和100mg·L-1的溶液中,随初始浓度的增加,菌体对重金属的吸附量增加,但去除率下降.准二阶模型比准一阶模型能更好地描述吸附动力学过程.2种吸附剂对多金属溶液中重金属离子吸附量的大小均呈现Pb(Ⅱ)Cu(Ⅱ)Zn(Ⅱ)Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附规律,电负性大的金属离子被优先吸附.溶液中其它重金属离子的存在使白木耳子实体对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量上升,而使毛木耳子实体对4种离子和白木耳子实体对其它3种离子的吸附量下降.研究发现,毛木耳和白木耳子实体都是潜在的生物吸附剂.     

离子交换树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

采用静态法和动态法对阳离子交换树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的行为进行了研究。考察了pH值、流速、吸附时间等条件对吸附效果的影响,优化了树脂洗脱再生的最佳条件。实验结果表明,732型强酸阳离子交换树脂能够有效地吸附废水中的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)。对比两种交换方式,动态法具有操作简单、效率高、可连续运行等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

离心泵噪声控制技术(Ⅱ)

<正> 5 控制设备的设计 5.1吸声设计计算由于厂房是砖砌混凝土结构,吸声性差,采取悬挂空间吸声体办法降噪。按治理目标要求吸声处理后噪声值小于90dBA,即在N85曲线以下,各频带减噪量如表6所示     

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) biosorption by Myriophyllum spicatum L.

The potential use of Myriophyllum spicatum L. biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of copper(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution was investigated in laboratory condition. The sorption experiments were undertaken to obtain copper (Ⅱ) biosorption properties of M.spicatum L., i.e. equilibrium time, the maximum capacity, and rate constants. Copper(Ⅱ) biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attaine1 within 35 min at initial copper(Ⅱ) concentration of 6 mg/L. Different isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson model, were used to investigate the sorption capacity and isotherm. These models showed an excellent match with the experimental data except for the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir coefficients, the maximum sorption capacity of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g. The kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) sorption was also analysed and rate constants were derived. It was found that the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo second-order equation, and that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate determining step. The results of this study showed that M. spicatum L. can be considered as useful vehicles for the removal and recovery of copper(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

A.C.拉萨加(Lasaga)——美国地球化学学会1979年F.W.克拉克奖获得者

<正> A.C.拉萨加,1971年毕业于普林斯顿大学化学系,接着进入哈佛大学研究生院深造。研究生学业结束后,应聘去宾夕法尼亚州立大学地学系从事教学研究工作。现在是一位年轻而成熟的动力地球化学家。     

改性柚皮粉对水中Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附

基于柚皮中富含纤维素、木质素、多糖等可与重金属发生络合、螯合作用的物质,将农林及生活废弃物柚子皮作为重金属离子的吸附剂。采用经NaOH改性的柚皮粉吸附水中Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)。考察了pH、吸附时间、改性柚皮粉用量以及Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对吸附的影响,测定了吸附等温线,对等温吸附规律及动力学进行了探讨。结果表明,pH、吸附时间、改性柚皮粉用量、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对吸附效果均有影响。吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的适宜条件为:pH5.4～5.5,吸附时间10min,改性柚皮粉用量0.2g/100mL,Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度20～80mg/L。在该条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率达95%以上。吸附Zn(Ⅱ)的适宜条件为:pH5.5～5.6,吸附时间60min,改性柚皮粉用量0.4g/100mL,Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度小于80mg/L。在该条件下,Zn(Ⅱ)去除率达90%以上。等温吸附规律可用Freundlich和Langmuir模式较好地描述,吸附呈单分层形式,吸附性能良好。吸附动力学规律符合准一级、准二级和Elovich动力学模型。     

废啤酒酵母吸附水溶液中Ni(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的性能

用废啤酒酵母吸附水溶液中N(iⅡ)和Cd(Ⅱ),考察了溶液pH值、重金属离子浓度、吸附时间和溶液中盐的浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:溶液pH是影响重金属离子吸附的一个重要参数,中性条件利于吸附。废啤酒酵母对N(iⅡ)和Cd(Ⅱ)吸附速率较快,达到吸附平衡约需120min。废啤酒酵母吸附N(iⅡ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的实验数据对Langmuir等温式的拟合情况良好,pH=7时,废啤酒酵母对N(iⅡ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为5.34mg/g和10.17mg/g。溶液中其它盐类物质的存在对重金属离子的吸附会产生较大的影响,pH=3条件下进行解吸附,解吸附率>90%。     

钢渣固定床对水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

采用钢渣吸附剂分别对Pr(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)进行固定床吸附实验,考察了不同运行参数如进水流速、进水初始浓度和吸附柱高度对动态吸附过程的影响,并应用Thomas模型对在不同条件下得到的穿透曲线进行拟合。实验结果表明进水流速、进水初始浓度和吸附柱高度对动态吸附过程存在影响,穿透时间随床层高度的增加而增加,但是随进水流速和进水初始浓度的增加而减少。Thomas方程穿透曲线拟合效果较好,相关系数R2值均在0.9以上,运用该方程可准确预测吸附柱的操作参数。     

自然水体生物膜对铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

以董铺水库为水源、天然纯棉绳为人工基质培养生物膜,研究了附着在棉绳表面上的自然水体生物膜吸附Cu和Cd的热力学和动力学特征及pH对吸附性能的影响.通过对实验数据进行非线型拟合,发现生物膜对2种重金属的吸附均符合Freundlich(F)和Langmuir(L)吸附等温式,对2种金属的吸附能力顺序是:Cu＞Cd.生物膜对Cu和Cd的吸附在数小时内可达到平衡,吸附过程符合二级动力学特征.通过调节吸附液的pH值,研究了不同pH对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,随着pH的升高,2种金属的吸附量明显增加.     

Responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (cyanobacterium) photosystem Ⅱ to pyrene stress

In order to explore the mechanism of acute toxicity for pyrene to cyanobacterial organisms, the responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 photosystem II (PS II) under pyrene stress were studied. The results showed there was no significant di erence about the oxygen evolution under 0.125 mg/L pyrene stress when compared with control, but it was significantly lower than control at 0.625 mg/L pyrene. Polyphasic chlorophyll-a fluorescence transients in cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibited a typical increase including O, J, I, and P phases. Fluorescence yield at phases J, I and P declined slightly at 0.125 and 0.625 mg/L pyrene, and significantly lower than control at 3.125 mg/L. According to the parameters deviated from JIP-test, no modification was induced by pyrene both at the donor side and at the acceptor side of PS II, and the reaction centre of PS II is the primary damaging target. Based on the expressing of four key genes (psbA, psbB, psbC and psbO) of PS II, only psbA showed significant di erence at 3.125 mg/L pyrene when compared with control.     

Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp.F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...     

绿色合成纳米铁同时去除水体中的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)

植物提取液绿色合成纳米铁是用于环境修复最有潜力的技术之一.本文利用苦丁茶提取液绿色合成纳米铁(Fe NPs),考察了Fe NPs去除Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的性能,同时,比较了不同温度对Fe NPs去除Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的影响.结果表明,在p H=3.5、温度303 K、Fe NPs投加量为2.0 g·L-1的条件下,反应60 min后,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)复合溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率为91.0%,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率达31.4%,而单独的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)溶液中,Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率高达93.8%,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率高达41.7%.根据Fe NPs对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)反应前后的表征结果和Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)去除动力学的研究结果表明,Pb(Ⅱ)的去除反应遵循伪一级动力学,而Cd(Ⅱ)的去除遵循伪二级动力学,去除机理可能是Fe NPs对Pb(Ⅱ)起到还原、吸附作用,而对混合液中的Cd(Ⅱ)起到吸附作用.     

碳源诱导下D.desulfuricans sub sp.EPS特性及对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附

通过不同浓度下3种碳源(HCOONa、CH₃COONa和C₆H₁₂O₆)对Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.(D. desulfuricans sp.)进行胁迫/诱导培养,研究了胁迫/诱导前后EPS组分变化以及对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响.结果表明,当碳源HCOONa的胁迫浓度为3.0g/L时,胁迫/诱导效果最明显,EPS产量达到1709.78mg/gVSS,其中蛋白质含量最高,达到1516.68mg/gVSS,较胁迫/诱导前提高了244.93%.在此条件下,HCOONa-EPS对于Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附量最高,为1081.95mg/g EPS,提高了99.47%,且吸附过程符合二级动力学规律.三维荧光(3D-EEM)测试表明,胁迫/诱导后EPS中蛋白质含量尤其类色氨酸含量大幅增加;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测试表明,胁迫后C=O、N-H/C-N、C-O-C等官能团均大量增加,在吸附Cd(Ⅱ)中发挥了重要作用;X光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,HCOONa胁迫/诱导后,EP...     

Index (No.1—No.6)

CommunicationsUltrasound enhancement of the reduction of the Basic Green dye in wastewater by cast ironSHEN Zhuang-zhi and SHEN Jian-zhong !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(1)Effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microbial populations and enzyme activitiesSHAN M…     

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) biosorption by Myriophyllum spicatum L.

The potential use of Myriophyllum spicatum L. biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of copper（ Ⅱ ） from aqueous solution was investigated in laboratory condition. The sorption experiments were undertaken to obtain copper（ Ⅱ ） biosorption properties of M. spicatum L., i.e. equilibrium time, the maximum capacity, and rate constants. Copper（ Ⅱ ） biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 35 min at initial copper（ Ⅱ ） concentration of 6 mg/L. Different isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson model, were used to investigate the sorption capacity and isotherm. These models showed an excellent match with the experimental data except for the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir coefficients, the maximum sorption capacity of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g. The kinetics of copper（ Ⅱ ） sorption was also analysed and rate constants were derived. It was found that the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo second-order equation, and that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate determining step. The results of this study showed that M. spicatum L. can be considered as useful vehicles for the removal and recovery of copper（ Ⅱ ） from aqueous solutions.     

GEOLOGY-GEOCHEMISTRY(Vol.30,2002) CONTENTS

ＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌＳｔｕｄｙＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄＭｅｔａｌｌｏｇｅｎｉｃＴｙｐｅｏｆｔｈｅＬｉｕｓｈａｓｈａｎＧｏｌｄ (Ｍｏｌｙｂｄｅｎｕｍ)ＤｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｎＥｊｉｎＱｉ(Ｐｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅ) ,ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＩｎｎｅｒ　ＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａＮｉｅＦｅｎｇｊｕｎｅｔａｌ.(1) (1)……………………………………………………………………………………………ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＴｒａｃｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎＡｋｅｔｉｓｈｉｋａｎＧｏｌｄＤｅｐｏｓｉｔ ,ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＹｕ…     

污水生物处理单元(火用)平衡分析方法研究(Ⅱ)

按照(火用)平衡分析模型对某城市污水处理厂的二级处理系统进行了研究,结合(火用)效率指标考察了其能量质的变化和损耗.通过这种分析,可以从根本上明确(火用)损耗发生的位置和途径.文章认为,应致力于降低不必要的、过大的推动力或改变运行方式以减少外部(火用)损失.该研究的结论可用于指导污水处理厂进行系统的节能工作.