Ls—811—2硫磺回收催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了Ｌｓ－８１１－２催化剂的研制及在克劳斯硫磺回收装置上的工业应用。实践证明，此催化剂的活性已达到国内外同类催化剂的水平，并具有生产工艺流程简单、无三废污染，原料易得及成本较低等特点。此催化剂的开发，为生产硫磺回收催化剂开辟了新的原料路线及制备方法。     

1，4－二羟基蒽醌生产废酸水回收利用试验

１，４－二羟基蒽醌生产废酸水回收利用试验淮阴光华化学厂主要产品有对苯二酚、苯酥、１，４－二羟基蒽醌等化工产品和染料中间体。在１，４－二羟基蒽醌的生产过程中，排出大量的废酸水，造成严重的环境污染。为根治污染，对废酸水的净化及部分废酸水的回收利用进行了重...     

吉化研究院开发的水解-酸化技术成功实现产业化

2003年11月20日，沧州炼油厂主要环保治理设施——10kt／a硫磺回收装置一次开车成功，生产出合格产品，亟此，该厂加工原油的硫回收能力提高1倍，即由7kt／a提高到15kt／a，为满足原油加工量大幅度提高的二氧化硫排放达标和有效改善企业及周边大气质量提供了保证。     

絮凝－旋流分离工艺处理磷酸铵生产废水

磷酸生产废水经絮凝－旋流分离工艺处理后，再回用于生产过程，实现了磷酸生产废水的闭路循环，不仅回收了废水中的磷酸，还节约了大量工业用水。     

TiO2基新型硫回收催化剂的活性评价和工业应用

介绍了ＬＳ－９０１ ＴｉＯ２基新型硫回收催化剂的特点及工业应用情况。该催化剂与传统的ＬＳ－８１１ Ａｌ２Ｏ３基催化剂相比,具有更高的克劳斯反应活性和水解反应活性、更强的抗“漏氧”中毒能力,在硫回收装置上应用,可明显提高硫回收率并减少ＳＯ２排放量,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

硫磺回收装置扩能改造及效果分析

介绍了回收酸性气体生产硫磺的工艺原理与工艺流程,论述了影响硫磺回收装置生产能力的诸多因素与扩能改造的情况。扩能改造后,该装置的酸性气体处理量平均为976m^3／h,瞬时处理量可达1200m^3／h,硫磺的生产能力从4450t／a提高到7500t／a,生产能力提高了68．5％,装置总硫回收率达到93．5％。     

油脂加氢催化剂生产废水中镍的回收试验

油脂加氢催化剂生产废水中镍的回收试验以硫酸镍为原料生产油脂加氢催化剂过程中，排出一定数量的含镍废水，其中镍主要以络合离子［Ｎｉ（ＮＨ＿３），ｎ≤６］形式存在，含量约６—１０ｇ／Ｌ。采用传统的碱沉淀法和树脂吸附法处理该废水，均不能达到满意的效果，且工艺...     

利用碱渣和煤矸石制新型水泥的研究

以氨碱渣，煤矸石为原料，研究生产新型水泥，采用正交试验，确定“氨碱渣－煤矸石－复合矿化剂”体系的最佳配料，并在此基础上进行了立窑低温煅烧水泥试验，对产品的化学成分及矿物组成进行了测试研究，结果表明，利用碱渣，煤矸石生产新型水泥是可行的，水泥的强度可达到３２５标号，本技术具有较好的环境效益和经济效益。     

沧州炼油厂5000t/a硫磺回收装置投入正常运行

沧州炼油厂为适应改炼胜利原油的需要,确保“七三五”改造工程环保“三同时”而建设的５０００ｔ／ａ的硫磺回收装置一次开车成功,并顺利进入正常生产运行阶段。该装置于１９９８年４月开始建设,总投资１７００余万元,装置由齐鲁石化胜利炼油厂设计院完成设计。该装置于１９９９年３月完成设备安装,１９９９年４月２５日酸性气引进装置,顺利生产出合格的硫磺产品。该装置运行后使沧州炼油厂的硫磺回收总能力达到７０００ｔ／ａ,基本满足了１００％加工胜利原油的需要。该套硫磺装置具有以下特点：（１）装置设计采用改良克劳斯部分燃…     

从碱法制纸浆黑液中提取木质素

从碱法制纸浆黑液中提取木质素１前言以麦杆、稻草杆为原料碱法制纸浆的过程中，产生大量含木质素的黑液，木质素是一种重要的化工原料，可作生产粘合剂、染料、乳化剂、改性剂及植物生长素的原料。因此，从造纸黑液中回收木质素，对保护环境、回收利用资源具有重要的意义...     

LIFAC ash--strategies for management

LIFAC is a more recent addition to flue gas desulphurization methods for reducing sulphur emissions during coal combustion for the production of electricity. Ashes from the combustion of a low-sulphur lignite coal using LIFAC technology were used to evaluate different ash management strategies. The ashes, as produced and after treatment by the CERCHAR hydration process, were examined for their disposal characteristics and their utilization potential in concrete. They were also evaluated as underground disposal material using the AWDS process.     

电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的汞污染防治

结合我国电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的发展现状,提出了采用低汞触媒替代高汞触媒以降低汞消耗、开发高效除汞器以提高脱汞效率、深度解吸废盐酸以解决汞转移问题、深度处理含汞废水以实现综合利用、优化工艺控制以降低汞触媒消耗、改善防护措施以减轻汞扩散等汞污染防治工作的要点。     

Recycling of spent nickel-cadmium batteries based on bioleaching process

Only 1-2 percent of discarded dry batteries are recovered in China. It is necessary to find an economic and environmentally friendly process to recycle dry batteries in this developing country. Bioleaching is one of the few techniques applicable for the recovery of the toxic metals from hazardous spent batteries. Its principle is the microbial production of sulphuric acid and simultaneous leaching of metals. In this study, a system consisting of a bioreactor, settling tank and leaching reactor was developed to leach metals from nickel-cadmium batteries. Indigenous thiobacilli, proliferated by using nutritive elements in sewage sludge and elemental sulphur as substrates, was employed in the bioreactor to produce sulphuric acid. The overflow from the bioreactor was conducted into the settling tank. The supernatant in the settling tank was conducted into the leaching reactor, which contained the anode and cathodic electrodes obtained from nickel-cadmium batteries. The results showed that this system was valid to leach metals from nickel-cadmium batteries, and that the sludge drained from the bottom of the settling tank could satisfy the requirements of environmental protection agencies regarding agricultural use.     

Molten carbonate fuel cells fed with biogas: Combating H2S

The use of biomass and waste to produce alternative fuels, due to environmental and energy security reasons, is a high-quality solution especially when integrated with high efficiency fuel cell applications. In this article we look into the coupling of an anaerobic digestion process of organic residues to electrochemical conversion to electricity and heat through a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). In particular the pathway of the exceedingly harmful compound hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) in these phases is analysed. Hydrogen sulphide production in the biogas is strongly interrelated with methane and/or hydrogen yield, as well as with operating conditions like temperature and pH. When present in the produced biogas, this compound has multiple negative effects on the performance and durability of an MCFC. Therefore, there are important issues of integration to be solved.Three general approaches to solve the sulphur problem in the MCFC are possible. The first is to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulphide at the source: favouring conditions that inhibit its production during fermentation. Secondly, to identify the sulphur tolerance levels of the fuel cell components currently in use and develop sulphur-tolerant components that show long-term electrochemical performance and corrosion stability. The third approach is to remove the generated sulphur species to very low levels before the gas enters the fuel cell.     

Gasification and reforming of biomass and waste samples by means of a novel catalyst

This study conducted gasification and catalytic reforming experiments with the expectation of obtaining new advantages on energy recovery and aimed for the development of an effective catalyst. Initially, the use of thermal gasification technology for waste treatment in line with waste-to-energy strategies was reviewed. Technological systems which have gasification were classified and their current status was discussed. Then, the results of gasification and reforming experiments showed that product gas with 50 % H₂ or more was obtained using a Ni catalyst on a mesoporous silica–based SBA-15 support (NiO/SBA-15), which we newly developed. Experiments using wood feedstock revealed that H₂ production by the catalyst was better when the NiO content was 20 % (W/W) or more than when another catalyst or the Ni catalyst with a lower Ni loading was used. Tar formation as a by-product was also well controlled by the catalyst, and use of a catalyst with 40 % NiO reduced the tar concentration to less than 0.2 g/\( {\text{m}}^{3}_{\text{N}} \). Experiments using a mixed feedstock of wood and RPF resulted in an increase in hydrocarbon concentration because of insufficient reforming. This finding suggests that future work is required to find a better solution to wood and RPF co-gasification.     

Nickel recovery from spent nickel catalyst.

A process for nickel recovery from a spent catalyst of definite composition has been developed using the hydro-metallurgical route. The processing steps includes direct sulphuric acid leaching followed by separation of iron as well as silica and other impurities. For a 152 microm particle size catalyst, extraction of about 98% nickel was achieved at 363 K in 2 h using a sulphuric acid concentration (v/v) of 8% and a pulp density of 10%. The dissolution of nickel followed diffusion-controlled leaching kinetics. Increase in temperature and sulphuric acid concentration resulted in increase in the nickel recovery. The activation energy for nickel dissolution was calculated to be 62.8 kJ mol(-1). Finally, nickel was recovered as value-added products such as sulphide and oxalate with overall recovery of 90 and 88% of nickel, respectively.     

TiO2膜太阳光催化氧化法处理毛纺染整废水

采用溶胶－凝胶法在短玻璃管表面镀ＴｉＯ２膜,填充于玻璃反应器内,用微型潜水泵使废水循环并同时吸入空气供氧,在太阳光照下对染整废水进行了光催化催化氧化处理。     

Two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification process for solid waste valorisation: technical review and preliminary thermodynamic modelling of sulphur emissions

Gasification of solid waste for energy has significant potential given an abundant feed supply and strong policy drivers. Nonetheless, significant ambiguities in the knowledge base are apparent. Consequently this study investigates sulphur mechanisms within a novel two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification process. This paper includes a detailed review of gasification and plasma fundamentals in relation to the specific process, along with insight on MSW based feedstock properties and sulphur pollutant therein. As a first step to understanding sulphur partitioning and speciation within the process, thermodynamic modelling of the fluid bed stage has been performed. Preliminary findings, supported by plant experience, indicate the prominence of solid phase sulphur species (as opposed to H₂S) - Na and K based species in particular. Work is underway to further investigate and validate this.     

利用联醇装置废催化剂生产氯化亚铜和氧化锌

叙述了用化肥厂联产甲醇装置的废催化剂生产氯化亚铜和氧化锌的原理、工艺流程和工艺条件,氯化亚铜和氧化锌的收率分别达到95%和92%.     

The Role of Cloud Processing in the Relationship Between Wet Deposited Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Emissions

It is well established that wet deposition of sulphate in the UKhas fallen by a much smaller fraction than have emissions of sulphur dioxide. Dry deposition of sulphur has decreased in proportion to the decline in emissions. A number of suggestionshave been made which offer possible explanations for this non-linearity between emissions and wet deposition. In this paper amodel of the processing of sulphur dioxide by aqueous phase cloudchemistry in a cloudy boundary layer is presented. This work doesnot simulate all the details of the mechanisms by which sulphate is incorporated into precipitation. It does, however, explorethe non-linearity of this oxidation process. It is shown that theoxidation of sulphur dioxide, in these conditions, over the UK isdominated by oxidation by ozone. The rate of sulphate productionis then controlled by the availability of the one basic trace gasin the atmosphere ammonia. Using realistic concentrations of thereacting species this is found to simulate well the observed non-linearity. The model predicts that sulphate and sulphur dioxideconcentrations will be uncorrelated in the cloudy boundary layerbut that ammonium and sulphate will be well correlated. Fieldobservations at a cloudy site in Northern England are consistentwith these predictions.